Tapered structure based all-fiber probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography

Yan Xue-Guo; Shen Yi; Pan Cong; Li Peng; Ding Zhi-Hua

doi:10.7498/aps.65.024201

Abstract

A tapered structure based all-fiber endoscopic probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) is presented in this paper. The designation and fabrication of a miniaturized high-performance probe are critical in endoscopic OCT. Compared to the conventional fiber-lens structure based endoscopic probe, the all-fiber probe has a prominent edge in size and flexibility. Due to its lower beam-divergence, the large core multi-mode fiber makes a better fit than a general single mode fiber does when utilized to replace the micro lens in a conventional endoscopic probe as the imaging component. Furthermore, a tapered fiber is introduced as a transition section between the single mode fiber and the large core multi-mode fiber in order to enhance the light transmission efficiency and reduce the rigid length of the probe simultaneously. First, in order to obtain an optimal performance, optical simulation software(Rsoft) is adopted to determine the probe's proper lengths of the tapered section and the large core multi-mode fiber. Second, the all-fiber structure based endoscopic probe is fabricated by means of large core multi-mode fiber tapering, cutting and fusing processes. The beam characterization and insertion loss of the fabricated probe are measured experimentally The probe itself is 250 m, and after covering with a stainless steel protective tube, its outer diameter becomes 325 m. The rigid length of the probe is about 1 cm, which is more flexible and easier for inserting into curved blood vessels. The insertion loss of the probe is measured to be about 0.3 dB. To the best of our knowledge, it is the lowest among all of the all-fiber endoscopic probes. Finally, the probe is integrated with a custom-built swept-source optical coherence tomography system. Imaging of human fingertip and ex-vivo chicken trachea is conducted to demonstrate the key performance parameters of our probe. The effective imaging range of the probe is up to 800 microns in air without the help of any extra mechanism to expand its depth of focus. The probe offers a compact, efficient and flexible candidate for endoscopic optical coherence tomography, which is promising in cardiovascular investigations.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Institute of Laser Biomedicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Corresponding author: Ding Zhi-Hua, zh_ding@zju.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61335003, 61327007, 61275196, 11404285, 61475143), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2015AA020515), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LY14F050007), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. 2014QNA5017), and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.

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[34]	Saleh B E, Teich M C, Saleh B E 1991 Fundamentals of Photonics (New York: Wiley) pp81-92
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[37]	van Roey J, van der Donk J, Lagasse P E 1981 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71 803
[38]	Yevick D, Hermansson B 1990 Quantum. Electron. 26 109
[39]	Chung Y, Dagli N 1990 Quantum. Electron. 26 1335
[40]	Scarmozzino R, Osgood R M 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 8 724
[41]	Wang Y M, Pang X F, Wang H Z, Qin J 2008 Chem Bull. Sin. 71 71 (in Chinese) [王以明, 庞小峰, 王洪志, 秦杰 2008 化学通报 71 71]
[42]	Wojtkowski M, Srinivasan V, Ko T, Fujimoto J, Kowalczyk A, Duker J 2004 Opt. Express. 12 2404
[43]	Lee K S, Rolland J P 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1696
[44]	Li J, de Groot M, Helderman F, Mo J, Daniels J M, Grnberg K, Sutedja TG, de Boer J F 2012 Opt. Express. 20 24132

Cited By

[1]	Huang D, Swanson E A, Lin C P, Schuman J S, Stinson W G, ChangW, Hee M R, Flotte T, Gregory K, Puliafito C A, Fujimoto J G 1991 Science. 254 1178
[2]	Liang Y M, Zhou D C, Meng F Y, Wang M W 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3246 (in Chinese) [梁艳梅, 周大川, 孟凡勇, 王明伟 2007 物理学报 56 3246]
[3]	Huang L M, Ding Z H, Hong W, Wang C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 023401 (in Chinese) [黄良敏, 丁志华, 洪威, 王川 2012 物理学报 61 023401]
[4]	Foster F S, Pavlin C J, Harasiewicz K A, Christopher D A, Turnbull D H 2000 Ultrasound. Med. Biol. 26 1
[5]	Drexler W, Morgner U, Ghanta R K, Krtner F X, Schuman J S, Fujimoto J G 2001 Nat. Med. 7 502
[6]	Welzel J, Lankenau E, Birngruber R, Engelhardt R 1997 J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 37 958
[7]	Welzel J 2001 Skin. Res. Technol. 7 1
[8]	Wu T 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University) (in Chinese) [吴彤 2011 博士学位论文 (杭州: 浙江大学)]
[9]	Tearney G J, Brezinski M E, Fujimoto J G, Weissman N J, Boppart S A, Bouma B E, Southern J F 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 543
[10]	Tsai T H, Fujimoto J G, Mashimo H 2014 Diagn. 4 57
[11]	Tearney G J, Brezinski M E, Boppart S A, Bouma B E, Weissman N, Southern J F, Swanson E A, Fujimoto J G 1996 Circulation. 94 3013
[12]	Escobar P F, Belinson J L, White A, Shakhova N M, Feldchtein F I, Kareta M V, Gladkova N D 2004 Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 14 470
[13]	Tearney G J, Brezinski M E, Southern J F, Bouma B E, Boppart S A, Fujimoto J G 1997 J. Urology. 157 1915
[14]	Seibel E J, Smithwick Q Y 2002 Laser. Surg. Med. 30 177
[15]	Tran P H, Mukai D S, Brenner M, Chen Z 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1236
[16]	Herz P R, Chen Y, Aguirre A D, Schneider K, Hsiung P, Fujimoto J G, Madden K, Schmitt J, Goodnow J, Petersen C 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 2261
[17]	Xu Y, Singh J, Siang T H, Ramakrishna K, Premchandran C S, Sheng C W, Kuan C T, Chen N, Olivo M C, Sheppard C J 2007 Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques III Munich, Germany, June 17, 2007, p662715
[18]	Tsai T H, Potsaid B, Kraus M F, Zhou C, Tao Y K, Hornegger J, Fujimoto J G 2011 Biomed. Opt. Express. 2 2438
[19]	Zhang N 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Tsinghua University) (in Chinese) [张宁 2014 博士学位论文 (北京: 清华大学)]
[20]	Lorenser D, Yang X, Kirk R W, Quirk B C, McLaughlin R A, Sampson D D 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3894
[21]	Lorenser D, Yang X, Sampson D D 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 1616
[22]	Wang C, Bi S B, Ding W, Yu Y J, Ouyang H K 2012 Chinese J. Lasers 39 71 (in Chinese) [王驰, 毕书博, 丁卫, 于瀛洁, 欧阳航空 2012 中国激光 39 71]
[23]	Wang C, Bi S B, Wang L, Xia X Q, Ding W, Yu Y J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 24217 (in Chinese) [王驰, 毕书博, 王利, 夏学勤, 丁卫, 于瀛洁 2013 物理学报 62 24217]
[24]	Moon S, Piao Z, Kim C S, Chen Z 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 2014
[25]	Lee J, Chae Y, Ahn Y C, Moon S 2015 Biomed. Opt. Express. 6 1782
[26]	Wang C, Mao Y, Fang C, Tang Z, Yu Y, Qi B 2011 Opt. Eng. 50 094202
[27]	Yin J, Yang H C, Li X, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Hu C, Shung K K, Chen Z 2010 J. Biomed. Opt. 15 010512
[28]	Yin J, Li X, Jing J, Li J, Mukai D, Mahon S, Edris A, Hoang K, Shung K K, Brenner M, Narula J, Zhou Q, Chen Z 2011 J. Biomed. Opt. 16 060505
[29]	Li X, Yin J, Hu C, Zhou Q, Shung K K, Chen Z 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 133702
[30]	Li J, Ma T, Jing J, Zhang J, Patel P M, Shung K K, Zhou Q, Chen Z 2013 J. Biomed. Opt. 18 100502
[31]	Sharma U, Kang J U 2007 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 113102
[32]	Moon S, Liu G, Chen Z 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3362
[33]	Moon S, Chen Z 2012 Appl. Optics. 51 8262
[34]	Saleh B E, Teich M C, Saleh B E 1991 Fundamentals of Photonics (New York: Wiley) pp81-92
[35]	Mynbaev D K, Scheiner L L 2002 Fiber-Optics Communications Technology (Beijing: Science Press) pp57-59
[36]	Okamoto K 2010 Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides 2 (Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic press) pp78-83
[37]	van Roey J, van der Donk J, Lagasse P E 1981 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71 803
[38]	Yevick D, Hermansson B 1990 Quantum. Electron. 26 109
[39]	Chung Y, Dagli N 1990 Quantum. Electron. 26 1335
[40]	Scarmozzino R, Osgood R M 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 8 724
[41]	Wang Y M, Pang X F, Wang H Z, Qin J 2008 Chem Bull. Sin. 71 71 (in Chinese) [王以明, 庞小峰, 王洪志, 秦杰 2008 化学通报 71 71]
[42]	Wojtkowski M, Srinivasan V, Ko T, Fujimoto J, Kowalczyk A, Duker J 2004 Opt. Express. 12 2404
[43]	Lee K S, Rolland J P 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1696
[44]	Li J, de Groot M, Helderman F, Mo J, Daniels J M, Grnberg K, Sutedja TG, de Boer J F 2012 Opt. Express. 20 24132

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