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Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) is widely accepted as a most promising remote sensing technique for measuring the atmospheric CO2, and has been built in many countries to study the global climate change and carbon cycle. However, the imperfect information about CO2 spectrum leads to evident errors in estimating some parameters (such as the absorption cross sections, the broadening coefficients, the optical depth, etc.) which are the critical parameters in retrieving processes of a DIAL, and will eventually result in unacceptable errors of XCO2 retrievals. Coping with that problem, a self-built constant temperature differential absorption spectroscopy system has been set up which can be used to accurately measure the absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide in the band of 1.57 μm.#br#On that basis, the absorption spectra of the pure carbon dioxide are measured respectively at the temperatures from 230 K to 320 K and the pressures from 20 kPa to 100 kPa by the highprecision oscilloscope and wavelength meter. A series of optical depths at absorption peak is respectively calculated at different temperatures and the results show that the optical depth linearly and monotonically changes while the temperature increases from 230 K to 320 K. At the same time, the relations between the corresponding absorption cross sections and temperature are analyzed, showing that the absorption cross sections first increases and then decreases with temperature increasing. The self-broadening coefficients are inferred from the spectral data at the same temperature and different pressures, and the temperature-dependent exponent is calculated. Furthermore, the air-broadening coefficients are calculated by carbon dioxide absorption spectrum data from different mixing ratios and its temperature-dependent exponent is obtained. The temperature-dependent exponent of self-broadening coefficient is 0.644 and the temperature-dependent exponent of air-broadening coefficient is 0.764, which are almost the same as the data in the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN). The numerical calculation formulae of optical depth and absorption cross section are verified through these results.#br#Those parameters supplement the widely-used HITRAN database. Moreover, quantitative analysis is conducted to explore the influences of temperature and pressure on CO2 spectrum, thereby establishing a function for modeling the differential absorption optical depth and the absorption cross-section. The above results have already been used in China's CO2-DIAL and lay a foundation of accurate retrieval. It is believed that other similar CO2-DIAL of which operating wavelength is around 1.572 μm would also benefit from those newly measured parameters.
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Keywords:
- atmospheric optics /
- lidar /
- absorption spectrum of CO2 /
- the differential system of double optical path
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[2] Amediek, Fix A, Wirth M, Ehret G 2008 Appl. Phys. B 92 295
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[4] Sakaizawa D, Kawakami S, Nakajima M, Sawa Y, Matsueda H 2010 J. Appl. Remote Sens. 4 1043548
[5] Ambricof P F, Amodeo A, Girolamo P DI, Spinelli N 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 366847
[6] Ma X, Lin H, Ma Y Y, Gong W 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 17 (in Chinese) [马昕, 林宏, 马盈盈, 龚威 2013 光学学报 32 17]
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[9] Gong W, Han G, Ma X, Lin H 2013 Opt. Commun. 305 180
[10] Han G, Gong W, Lin H, Ma X, Xiang C 2014 Appl. Phys. B 117 104
[11] Gong W, Ma X, Dong Y, Lin H, Li J 2014 Opt. Laser Technol. 56 52
[12] Han G, Lin H, Ma X, Xiang Z 2014 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 53 3221
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[16] Klimeshina T E, Petrova T M, Rodimova O B, Solodov A A, Solodov A M 2015 Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 28 387
[17] Rothman L, Gordon I, Babikov Y, Barbe A, Chris Benner D, Bernath P, Birk M, Bizzocchi L, B-oudon V, Brown L 2013 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. 130 4
[18] Rothman L S, Gordon I E, Barbe A, Benner D C, Bernath P F, Birk M, Boudon V, Brown L R, Campargue A, Champion J P 2009 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. 110 533
[19] Bragg S L, Lawton S A, Wiswall C E 1985 Opt. Lett. 10 321
[20] Joly L, Marnas F, Gibert F, Bruneau D, Grouidez B, Pierre H F, Durrya G, Dumelie N, Parvitte B, Zeninari V 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 295475
[21] Sakaizawa D, Nagasawa C, Nagai T, Abo M, Shibata Y, Nakazato M 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 47 1325
[22] Li J S, Durrya G, Cousin J, Joly L, Parvitte B, Flamant P H, Gibert F, Zeninari V 2011 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 112 1411
[23] Joly L, Gibert F, Grouiez B, Grossela A, Parvittea B, Durrya G, Zéninaria V 2008 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109 426
[24] Lu T X, Lu Z Q 2006 The Theory and Application of Laser Spectroscopy (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press)p133 (in Chinese) [陆同兴, 路秩群 2006 激光光谱技术原理及应用(合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社) 第133页
[25] Bragg S L, Kelley J D 1987 Appl. Opt. 26 506
[26] Kielkopf J F 1973 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63 987
[27] Zhou J, Zhang S L, Chen X H 2007 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 27 71259 (in Chinese) [周洁, 张时良, 陈晓虎 2007 光谱学光谱分析 27 71259]
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[1] Imaki M, Kameyama S, Hirano Y, Ueno S, Sakaizawa D, Kawakami S, Nakajima M 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 10
[2] Amediek, Fix A, Wirth M, Ehret G 2008 Appl. Phys. B 92 295
[3] Amediek A, Fix A, Ehret G, Caron J, Dyrand Y 2009 Atmosph. Measur. Tech. 2 755
[4] Sakaizawa D, Kawakami S, Nakajima M, Sawa Y, Matsueda H 2010 J. Appl. Remote Sens. 4 1043548
[5] Ambricof P F, Amodeo A, Girolamo P DI, Spinelli N 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 366847
[6] Ma X, Lin H, Ma Y Y, Gong W 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 17 (in Chinese) [马昕, 林宏, 马盈盈, 龚威 2013 光学学报 32 17]
[7] Ma X, Gong W, Ma Y Y, Fu D W, Han G, Xiang C Z 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 154251 (in Chinese) [马昕, 龚威, 马盈盈, 傅东伟, 韩舸, 相成志 2015 物理学报 64 154251]
[8] Han G, Gong W, Ma X, Xiang C Z, Liang A L, Deng Y X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 244206 (in Chinese) [韩舸, 龚威, 马昕, 相成志, 梁艾琳, 郑玉新 2015 物理学报 64 244206]
[9] Gong W, Han G, Ma X, Lin H 2013 Opt. Commun. 305 180
[10] Han G, Gong W, Lin H, Ma X, Xiang C 2014 Appl. Phys. B 117 104
[11] Gong W, Ma X, Dong Y, Lin H, Li J 2014 Opt. Laser Technol. 56 52
[12] Han G, Lin H, Ma X, Xiang Z 2014 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 53 3221
[13] Zhu X F, Lin Z X, Liu L M, Shao J Y, Gong W 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 174203 (in Chinese) [朱湘飞, 林兆祥, 刘林美, 邵君宜, 龚威 2014 物理学报 63 174203]
[14] Johannes B, Tommaso S, Daniele R, Marco M, Alain C, Samir K 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 142 191103
[15] Ivascu I R, Matei C E, Patachia M, Bratu A M, Dumitras D C 2015 Rom. J. Phys. 60 1212
[16] Klimeshina T E, Petrova T M, Rodimova O B, Solodov A A, Solodov A M 2015 Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 28 387
[17] Rothman L, Gordon I, Babikov Y, Barbe A, Chris Benner D, Bernath P, Birk M, Bizzocchi L, B-oudon V, Brown L 2013 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. 130 4
[18] Rothman L S, Gordon I E, Barbe A, Benner D C, Bernath P F, Birk M, Boudon V, Brown L R, Campargue A, Champion J P 2009 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. 110 533
[19] Bragg S L, Lawton S A, Wiswall C E 1985 Opt. Lett. 10 321
[20] Joly L, Marnas F, Gibert F, Bruneau D, Grouidez B, Pierre H F, Durrya G, Dumelie N, Parvitte B, Zeninari V 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 295475
[21] Sakaizawa D, Nagasawa C, Nagai T, Abo M, Shibata Y, Nakazato M 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 47 1325
[22] Li J S, Durrya G, Cousin J, Joly L, Parvitte B, Flamant P H, Gibert F, Zeninari V 2011 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 112 1411
[23] Joly L, Gibert F, Grouiez B, Grossela A, Parvittea B, Durrya G, Zéninaria V 2008 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109 426
[24] Lu T X, Lu Z Q 2006 The Theory and Application of Laser Spectroscopy (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press)p133 (in Chinese) [陆同兴, 路秩群 2006 激光光谱技术原理及应用(合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社) 第133页
[25] Bragg S L, Kelley J D 1987 Appl. Opt. 26 506
[26] Kielkopf J F 1973 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63 987
[27] Zhou J, Zhang S L, Chen X H 2007 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 27 71259 (in Chinese) [周洁, 张时良, 陈晓虎 2007 光谱学光谱分析 27 71259]
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