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It is one of the important issues for electric vehicle to utilize power batteries which have long lifetime and excellent performance. For optimizing electrochemical performance and lifetime of the lithium ion battery, an electrochemical-thermal model based on dynamic response is developed by COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. The modeling theory is the reaction mechanism of lithium iron phosphate battery which also includes a parasitic reaction occurring in the constant current and constant voltage charging process. The model consists of three parts: electro-chemical model, thermal model and capacity fade model. A series of temperature-dependent parameters and lithium ion concentration-dependent parameters relevant to the reaction rate and Li+ transport are employed in this model. Comparing with the results of the experimental test, the model shows high accuracy and reliability. The capacity losses and electrochemical behaviors of the battery in cyclic processes with different rates are investigated. The results show that when the battery is cycled at a rate of 1C, the capacity fading rate is about 6.35%, meanwhile the solid electrolyte interface membrane impedance of the battery is increased by 15.6 mm-2 after 800 time cycle. In the charge process, the side reaction rate within the anode shows a decreasing trend along the direction from the cooper current collector to separator, which is consistent with the lithium concentration in the anode. Besides, the effects of charge/discharge rate, negative active material particle radius and negative solid volume fraction on the battery cycle life are also discussed respectively. Compared with the fading rate of 3.31% after 400 time cycle with 1C rate, the capacity fading rates for 2C, 3C, 4C reach to 3.93%, 4.69% and 5.04% respectively. When the average particle radii of the anode are 2 m and 10 m, corresponding capacity fading rates are 2.89% and 3.87%, showing a difference of nearly 1%. The study for solid volume fraction demonstrates that the battery with a solid volume fraction varying in a range of [0.5, 0.6] will keep a longest battery life. These results show that the model has great potential to optimize the design of the battery.
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Keywords:
- capacity fade /
- charge and discharge rate /
- volume fraction /
- particle radius
[1] Yan J D 2014 Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin. 35 2767 (in Chinese) [闫金定 2014 航空学报 35 2767]
[2] Etacheri V, Marom R, Ran E, Salitra G, Aurbach D 2011 Energy Environ. 4 3243
[3] Arora P, White R E, Doyle M 1998 ChemInform 145 3647
[4] Gang N, Haran B, Popov B N 2003 J. Power Sources 117 160
[5] Vetter J, Novk P, Wagner M R, Veit C, Moller K C, Besenhard J O, Winter M, Mehrens W, Vogler C, Hammouche A 2005 J. Power Sources 147 269
[6] Laresgoiti I, Kbitz S, Ecker M, Du S 2015 J. Power Sources 300 112
[7] Arora P, Popov B N, White R E 1998 J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 807
[8] Tang Y W, Jia M, Li J, Lai Y Q, Cheng Y, Liu Y X 2014 J. Electrochem. Soc. 161 E3021
[9] Cheng Y, Li J, Jia M, Tang Y W, Du S L, Ai L H, Yin B H, Ai L 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 210202 (in Chinese) [程昀, 李劼, 贾明, 汤依伟, 杜双龙, 艾立华, 殷宝华, 艾亮 2015 物理学报 64 210202]
[10] Groot J, Swierczynski M, Stan A I, Kr S K 2015 J. Power Sources 286 475
[11] Ramadass P, Haran B, Gomadam P M, White R, Popov B N 2004 J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 A196
[12] Ploehn H J, Ramadass P, White R E 2004 J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 A456
[13] Safari M, Morcrette M, Teyssot A, Delacourt C 2009 J. Electrochem. Soc. 156 A145
[14] Honkura K, Takahashi K, Horiba T 2011 J. Power Sources 196 10141
[15] Ecker M, Gerschler J B, Vogel J, Kbitz S, Hust F, Dechent P, Sauer D U 2012 J. Power Sources 215 248
[16] Watanabe S, Kinoshita M, Nakura K 2014 J. Power Sources 247 412
[17] Shi S Q, Gao J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Ju W W, Ouyang C Y, Xiao R J 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 018212
[18] Ye Y, Shi Y, Tay A A O 2012 J. Power Sources 217 509
[19] Baek K W, Hong E S, Cha S W 2015 Int. J. Automot. Tech. 16 309
[20] Newman J, Tiedemann W 1975 Aiche. J. 21 25
[21] Doyle M, Fuller T F, Newman J S 1993 J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 1526
[22] Doyle M, Newman J, Reimers J 1994 J. Power Sources 52 211
[23] Doyle M, Newman J 1995 Electrochimica Acta 40 2191
[24] Li J, Cheng Y, Jia M, Tang Y W, Lin Y, Zhang Z A, Liu Y X 2014 J. Power Sources 255 130
[25] Verbrugge M W, Koch B J 2003 J. Electrochem. Soc. 150 A374
[26] Yamada A, Koizumi H, Nishimura S, Sonoyama N, Kanno R, Yonemura M, Nakamura T, Kobayashi Y 2006 Nature Mater. 5 357
[27] Srinivasan V, Wang C Y 2003 J. Electrochem. Soc. 150 A98
[28] Gerver R E, Meyers J P 2011 Quatern Int. 158 A835
[29] Doyle M, Newman J, Gozdz A S, Schmutz C N, Tarascon J M 1996 J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 1890
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[1] Yan J D 2014 Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin. 35 2767 (in Chinese) [闫金定 2014 航空学报 35 2767]
[2] Etacheri V, Marom R, Ran E, Salitra G, Aurbach D 2011 Energy Environ. 4 3243
[3] Arora P, White R E, Doyle M 1998 ChemInform 145 3647
[4] Gang N, Haran B, Popov B N 2003 J. Power Sources 117 160
[5] Vetter J, Novk P, Wagner M R, Veit C, Moller K C, Besenhard J O, Winter M, Mehrens W, Vogler C, Hammouche A 2005 J. Power Sources 147 269
[6] Laresgoiti I, Kbitz S, Ecker M, Du S 2015 J. Power Sources 300 112
[7] Arora P, Popov B N, White R E 1998 J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 807
[8] Tang Y W, Jia M, Li J, Lai Y Q, Cheng Y, Liu Y X 2014 J. Electrochem. Soc. 161 E3021
[9] Cheng Y, Li J, Jia M, Tang Y W, Du S L, Ai L H, Yin B H, Ai L 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 210202 (in Chinese) [程昀, 李劼, 贾明, 汤依伟, 杜双龙, 艾立华, 殷宝华, 艾亮 2015 物理学报 64 210202]
[10] Groot J, Swierczynski M, Stan A I, Kr S K 2015 J. Power Sources 286 475
[11] Ramadass P, Haran B, Gomadam P M, White R, Popov B N 2004 J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 A196
[12] Ploehn H J, Ramadass P, White R E 2004 J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 A456
[13] Safari M, Morcrette M, Teyssot A, Delacourt C 2009 J. Electrochem. Soc. 156 A145
[14] Honkura K, Takahashi K, Horiba T 2011 J. Power Sources 196 10141
[15] Ecker M, Gerschler J B, Vogel J, Kbitz S, Hust F, Dechent P, Sauer D U 2012 J. Power Sources 215 248
[16] Watanabe S, Kinoshita M, Nakura K 2014 J. Power Sources 247 412
[17] Shi S Q, Gao J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Ju W W, Ouyang C Y, Xiao R J 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 018212
[18] Ye Y, Shi Y, Tay A A O 2012 J. Power Sources 217 509
[19] Baek K W, Hong E S, Cha S W 2015 Int. J. Automot. Tech. 16 309
[20] Newman J, Tiedemann W 1975 Aiche. J. 21 25
[21] Doyle M, Fuller T F, Newman J S 1993 J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 1526
[22] Doyle M, Newman J, Reimers J 1994 J. Power Sources 52 211
[23] Doyle M, Newman J 1995 Electrochimica Acta 40 2191
[24] Li J, Cheng Y, Jia M, Tang Y W, Lin Y, Zhang Z A, Liu Y X 2014 J. Power Sources 255 130
[25] Verbrugge M W, Koch B J 2003 J. Electrochem. Soc. 150 A374
[26] Yamada A, Koizumi H, Nishimura S, Sonoyama N, Kanno R, Yonemura M, Nakamura T, Kobayashi Y 2006 Nature Mater. 5 357
[27] Srinivasan V, Wang C Y 2003 J. Electrochem. Soc. 150 A98
[28] Gerver R E, Meyers J P 2011 Quatern Int. 158 A835
[29] Doyle M, Newman J, Gozdz A S, Schmutz C N, Tarascon J M 1996 J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 1890
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