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High-power microwave (HPM) weapon, which is destructive to electronic systems, has developed rapidly due to the great progress of HPM devices and technologies. Plasma with distinctive electromagnetic characteristics is under advisement as one of potentially effective protection materials. Therefore, research on avalanche ionization effect in plasma caused by the interaction between HPM and plasma is of significance for its HPM protection performance. Based on the method of fluid approximation, the wave equation, the electron drift diffusion equation and the heavy species transport equation, explaining the propagation of microwave and the change of the charged particles inside plasma, are established to study the avalanche ionization effect under the HPM radiation. A two-dimensional physical model is built with the help of software COMSOL according to the plasma protection array designed to disturb the propagation of the HPM pulses. It can be shown that the emergence of avalanche effect is greatly affected by the incident power of microwave, and the generation time would be influenced by the initial electron density. Moreover, it can be observed that the avalanche effect appears only when the plasma array is irradiated for a period of time, which means that the performance of HPM is presented as gathering effect, and a large amount of energy is needed to change the internal particle balance in plasma. In addition, the electron density inside the plasma changes rapidly and complicatedly while the avalanche effect comes into being. Besides, the cutoff frequency of the plasma exceeds the frequency of the incident wave with the increase of electron density, which leads to that the electromagnetic wave cannot propagate in the plasma, so that the plasma can be used to protect the HPM irradiation.
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Keywords:
- avalanche ionization effect /
- plasma /
- high-power microwave /
- plasma protection
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[2] Lin M, Xu H J, Wei X L, Liang H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 055201 (in Chinese) [林敏, 徐浩军, 魏小龙, 梁华 2015 物理学报 64 055201]
[3] Song W, Shao H, Zhang Z Q, Huang H J 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 064101 (in Chinese) [宋玮, 邵浩, 张治强, 黄惠军 2014 物理学报 63 064101]
[4] Krlin P P, Panek R, et al. 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 159
[5] Kikel A, Altgilbers L, Merritt I, et al. 1998 AIAA 98 2564
[6] He Y W 2005 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 20 392 (in Chinese)[何友文 2005 电波科学学报 20 392]
[7] Yang G, An B L, Xue J S 2009 J. Microeaves 25 74 (in Chinese) [杨耿, 安宝林, 薛晋生 2009 微波学报 25 74]
[8] Yang G, Tan J C, Sheng D Y, Yang Y C 2008 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 20 439 (in Chinese) [杨耿, 谭吉春, 盛定仪, 杨雨川 2008 强激光与粒子束 20 439]]
[9] Yang G, Tan J C, Sheng D Y, Yang Y C 2008 Nuclear Fusion Plasma Phys. 28 90 (in Chinese) [杨耿, 谭吉春, 盛定仪, 杨雨川 2008 核聚变与等离子体物理 28 90]
[10] Shu N, Zhang H, Li G Y 2010 Radio Engineer. 40 55 (in Chinese) [舒楠, 张厚, 李圭源 2010 无线电工程 40 55]
[11] Yuan Z C, Shi J M 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 095202 (in Chinese) [袁忠才, 时家明 2014 物理学报 63 095202]
[12] Liu Y, Cheng L, Wang J C, Wang Q C 2016 Chin. J. Luminescence 37 1293 (in Chinese) [刘洋, 程立, 汪家春, 王启超 2016 发光学报 37 1293]
[13] Hagelaar G J M, Pitchford L C 2005 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 14 722
[14] He W, Liu X H, Xian R C, Chen S H 2013 Plasma Sci. Technol. 15 336
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[1] Yu S L 2014 J. Microeaves S2 147 (in Chinese) [余世里 2014 微波学报 S2 147]
[2] Lin M, Xu H J, Wei X L, Liang H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 055201 (in Chinese) [林敏, 徐浩军, 魏小龙, 梁华 2015 物理学报 64 055201]
[3] Song W, Shao H, Zhang Z Q, Huang H J 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 064101 (in Chinese) [宋玮, 邵浩, 张治强, 黄惠军 2014 物理学报 63 064101]
[4] Krlin P P, Panek R, et al. 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 159
[5] Kikel A, Altgilbers L, Merritt I, et al. 1998 AIAA 98 2564
[6] He Y W 2005 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 20 392 (in Chinese)[何友文 2005 电波科学学报 20 392]
[7] Yang G, An B L, Xue J S 2009 J. Microeaves 25 74 (in Chinese) [杨耿, 安宝林, 薛晋生 2009 微波学报 25 74]
[8] Yang G, Tan J C, Sheng D Y, Yang Y C 2008 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 20 439 (in Chinese) [杨耿, 谭吉春, 盛定仪, 杨雨川 2008 强激光与粒子束 20 439]]
[9] Yang G, Tan J C, Sheng D Y, Yang Y C 2008 Nuclear Fusion Plasma Phys. 28 90 (in Chinese) [杨耿, 谭吉春, 盛定仪, 杨雨川 2008 核聚变与等离子体物理 28 90]
[10] Shu N, Zhang H, Li G Y 2010 Radio Engineer. 40 55 (in Chinese) [舒楠, 张厚, 李圭源 2010 无线电工程 40 55]
[11] Yuan Z C, Shi J M 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 095202 (in Chinese) [袁忠才, 时家明 2014 物理学报 63 095202]
[12] Liu Y, Cheng L, Wang J C, Wang Q C 2016 Chin. J. Luminescence 37 1293 (in Chinese) [刘洋, 程立, 汪家春, 王启超 2016 发光学报 37 1293]
[13] Hagelaar G J M, Pitchford L C 2005 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 14 722
[14] He W, Liu X H, Xian R C, Chen S H 2013 Plasma Sci. Technol. 15 336
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