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The ultrasonically aided electrospray thrusters (UAET) are used mainly on micro-satellites (with mass less than 10 kg). In this work, numerical simulation studies of the UAET plume field are conducted to investigate the following two problems encountered during operational tests:the avertence angle of thrust direction, which exists between the design and test outcome, and the lower energy efficiency than the established theoretical value. In order to precisely model the special physical process of the UAET plume neutralization, we develop a new hybrid model named the neutralization of electrons and charged droplets for the plume fluid field to capture the neutralization process of electrons and positively charged droplets. This model describes the dynamical movement of particles, the collision between electrons and droplets, the breakage and coalescence of the droplets, and the flow and heat transfer between the droplets and background gas. To show the feasibility and accuracy of the model, experimental tests involving thrust measurements and high-speed photography of the plume are conducted. The comparison between the test and simulation results under the same study conditions shows that the average error of this model is about 20%, and both the test and calculation exhibit a consistent trend in the various study cases. According to this model, we simulate the plume fluid field of UAET (with 2-W discharge power and 2-mA current) and identify the distribution characteristics of several parameters, including the droplet number density, charge density and the droplet volume, as well as the energy consumption categories that occur. Our model can successfully demonstrate the internal mechanisms that cause the two problems identified above. Our work will provide support for future studies of optimal design.
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Keywords:
- ultrasonically aided electrospray thruster /
- neutralization model of electrons and charged droplets /
- neutralization characteristics of plume /
- numerical simulation
[1] Zhao Q, Huang X P, Lin E, Jiao J, Liang G F, Chen T 2017 Opto-Electronic Engineer. 44 140
[2] Jiao J, Zhao Q, Li X, Liang G F, Huang X P, Luo X 2014 Opt. Express 22 26277
[3] Zhao Y, Huang C, Qing A Y, Luo X 2017 IEEE Photon. J. 99 1
[4] Taylor G 1964 Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 280 383
[5] Romero S, Bocanegra R, Gamero C 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 3599
[6] Lozano P, Martinez S 2005 41st Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Tuscon, Arizona. July 10-13, 2005 p1
[7] Ober S, Branam R, Huffman R 2011 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition Orland, Florida, January 4-7, 2011 p1
[8] Legge R, Lozano P 2011 J. Propuls. Power 27 485
[9] Reading C, Anderson J, Kubiak C, Greer F, Rouhi N, Wilson D, White V, Dickie M, Mueller R, Singh V, Mackie W, Wirz R, Castano M 2016 AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum Salt Lake City, UT, July 25-27, 2016 p1
[10] Kurt J, Lyon B 2016 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Salt Lake City, UT, July 25-27, 2016 p1
[11] Gutierrez E, Castano M 2017 J. Propuls. Power 33 984
[12] Song W D, Shumlak U. 2010 J. Propuls. Power 26 353
[13] Dong L, Song W D, Kang X M, Zhao W S 2012 Acta Astron. 77 1
[14] Zhang Y B, Hang G R, Dong L, Kang X M, Zhao W S, Zhang Y, Kang X L 2016 Chin. Space Sci. Technol. 36 9 (in Chinese)[张姚滨, 杭观荣, 董磊, 康小明, 赵万生, 张岩, 康小录 2016 中国空间科学技术 36 9]
[15] Kang X M, Dong L, Zhao W S 2014 Acta Astron. 98 1
[16] Passaro A, Nania F, Vicini A 2006 37th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference San Francisco, California, June 5-8, 2006 p1
[17] Robert S, Eduardo A 2009 45th Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Denver, Colorado August 2-5, 2009 p1
[18] Bird G 1963 Gas. Phys. Fluids 6 1518
[19] Jayaratne O, Mason B 1974 Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 380 218
[20] Luo T Q, Wang X Y, Zheng J Q, Wang Z T, Mao H M 2007 Drainage and Irrigation Machinery 25 57 (in Chinese)[罗惕乾, 王晓英, 郑捷庆, 王贞涛, 毛惠敏 2007 排灌机械 25 57]
[21] Gao S Q, Liu H P 2010 Capillary Mechanics (Beijing:Science Press) p60 (in Chinese)[高世桥, 刘海鹏 2010 毛细力学 (北京:科学出版社) 第60页]
[22] Cai B, Lee L, Wang Z L 2003 J. Engineer. Thermophys. 24 613 (in Chinese)[蔡斌, 李磊, 王照林 2003 工程热物理学报 24 613]
[23] Higuera F 2003 J. Fluid Mech. 484 303
[24] Yang S M, Tao W Q 2006 Heat Transfer (4th Ed.) (Beijing:Higher Education Press) p258 (in Chinese)[杨世铭, 陶文铨 2006 传热学 (第四版) (北京:高等教育出版社) 第258页]
[25] Landau L (translated by Lee Z) 2013 Fluid Dynamics (5th Ed.) (Beijing:Higher Education Press) pp201-202 (in Chinese)[朗道L 著 (李植 译) 2013 流体动力学(第五版) (北京:高等教育出版社) 第201–202页]
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[1] Zhao Q, Huang X P, Lin E, Jiao J, Liang G F, Chen T 2017 Opto-Electronic Engineer. 44 140
[2] Jiao J, Zhao Q, Li X, Liang G F, Huang X P, Luo X 2014 Opt. Express 22 26277
[3] Zhao Y, Huang C, Qing A Y, Luo X 2017 IEEE Photon. J. 99 1
[4] Taylor G 1964 Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 280 383
[5] Romero S, Bocanegra R, Gamero C 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 3599
[6] Lozano P, Martinez S 2005 41st Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Tuscon, Arizona. July 10-13, 2005 p1
[7] Ober S, Branam R, Huffman R 2011 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition Orland, Florida, January 4-7, 2011 p1
[8] Legge R, Lozano P 2011 J. Propuls. Power 27 485
[9] Reading C, Anderson J, Kubiak C, Greer F, Rouhi N, Wilson D, White V, Dickie M, Mueller R, Singh V, Mackie W, Wirz R, Castano M 2016 AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum Salt Lake City, UT, July 25-27, 2016 p1
[10] Kurt J, Lyon B 2016 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Salt Lake City, UT, July 25-27, 2016 p1
[11] Gutierrez E, Castano M 2017 J. Propuls. Power 33 984
[12] Song W D, Shumlak U. 2010 J. Propuls. Power 26 353
[13] Dong L, Song W D, Kang X M, Zhao W S 2012 Acta Astron. 77 1
[14] Zhang Y B, Hang G R, Dong L, Kang X M, Zhao W S, Zhang Y, Kang X L 2016 Chin. Space Sci. Technol. 36 9 (in Chinese)[张姚滨, 杭观荣, 董磊, 康小明, 赵万生, 张岩, 康小录 2016 中国空间科学技术 36 9]
[15] Kang X M, Dong L, Zhao W S 2014 Acta Astron. 98 1
[16] Passaro A, Nania F, Vicini A 2006 37th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference San Francisco, California, June 5-8, 2006 p1
[17] Robert S, Eduardo A 2009 45th Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Denver, Colorado August 2-5, 2009 p1
[18] Bird G 1963 Gas. Phys. Fluids 6 1518
[19] Jayaratne O, Mason B 1974 Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 380 218
[20] Luo T Q, Wang X Y, Zheng J Q, Wang Z T, Mao H M 2007 Drainage and Irrigation Machinery 25 57 (in Chinese)[罗惕乾, 王晓英, 郑捷庆, 王贞涛, 毛惠敏 2007 排灌机械 25 57]
[21] Gao S Q, Liu H P 2010 Capillary Mechanics (Beijing:Science Press) p60 (in Chinese)[高世桥, 刘海鹏 2010 毛细力学 (北京:科学出版社) 第60页]
[22] Cai B, Lee L, Wang Z L 2003 J. Engineer. Thermophys. 24 613 (in Chinese)[蔡斌, 李磊, 王照林 2003 工程热物理学报 24 613]
[23] Higuera F 2003 J. Fluid Mech. 484 303
[24] Yang S M, Tao W Q 2006 Heat Transfer (4th Ed.) (Beijing:Higher Education Press) p258 (in Chinese)[杨世铭, 陶文铨 2006 传热学 (第四版) (北京:高等教育出版社) 第258页]
[25] Landau L (translated by Lee Z) 2013 Fluid Dynamics (5th Ed.) (Beijing:Higher Education Press) pp201-202 (in Chinese)[朗道L 著 (李植 译) 2013 流体动力学(第五版) (北京:高等教育出版社) 第201–202页]
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