Experimental study on the stimulated saturation of terahertz free electron laser

Li Ming; Yang Xing-Fan; Xu Zhou; Shu Xiao-Jian; Lu Xiang-Yang; Huang Wen-Hui; Wang Han-Bin; Dou Yu-Huan; Shen Xu-Ming; Shan Li-Jun; Deng De-Rong; Xu Yong; Bai Wei; Feng Di-Chao; Wu Dai; Xiao De-Xin; Wang Jian-Xin; Luo Xing; Zhou Kui; Lao Cheng-Long; Yan Long-Gang; Lin Si-Fen; Zhang Peng; Zhang Hao; He Tian-Hui; Pan Qing; Li Xiang-Kun; Li Peng; Liu Yu; Yang Lin-De; Liu Jie; Zhang De-Min; Li Kai; Chen Ya-Nan

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20172413

Abstract

China Academy of Engineering Physics terahertz free electron laser (CAEP THz FEL,CTFEL) is the first THz FEL oscillator in China,which is jointly built by CAEP,Peking University and Tsinghua University.It is designed as a high-repetition-rate and high-duty-cycle linac-based FEL facility. This THz FEL mainly consists of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) photocathode high-voltage direct current (DC) gun,a superconducting radio frequency (RF) linac,a planar undulator,and a quasi-concentric optical resonator. The DC gun provides a high-brightness electron beam with the bunch charge of about 100 pC and the repetition rate of 54.167~MHz.The normalized emittance of the electron beam is less than 10m,and the energy spread is less than 0.75%.A 24-cell superconducting RF accelerator provides an effective field gradient of about 10 MV/m and energizes the electron beam to 6-8~MeV.The beam then goes through the undulator and generates the spontaneous radiation,which is reflected back and forth in the optical resonator and then stimulated by the electron beam. The first stimulated saturation of CTFEL in the macro-pulse mode was obtained in August,2017.In this paper,the THz spectrum is measured by a Fourier spectrometer (Bruker VERTEX 80 V).The macro-pulse energy is measured by an absolute energy meter from Thomas Keating Instruments.The longitudinal beam length is preliminarily calculated by the auto-correlation curve from the time-domain signal of the spectrometer.The macro-pulse duration is captured by a GeGa cryogenic detector from QMC Instrument.The measurement results indicate that the terahertz laser frequency is continuously adjustable from 2 THz to 3 THz.The macro-pulse average power is more than 10 W and the micro-pulse power is more than 0.3 MW.The single-pass gain is larger than 2.5%. This facility is now working in macro-pulse mode in the first step,also called step one.The minimum macro-pulse duration is about 50s and the maximum is about 2 ms.The macro-pulse repetition is 1 Hz or 5 Hz.The typical pulse duration and repetition rate are 1 ms and 1 Hz,respectively.In the middle of 2018,the duty cycle will upgrade to more than 10% as step two.And the continuous wave (CW) operation will be obtained in step three by the end of 2018.The spectrum adjustment range will also be expanded to cover from 1 THz to 4 THz by then. Some application experiments have been carried out on the platform of CTFEL.This facility will greatly promote the development of THz science and its applications in material science,chemistry science,biomedicine science and many other cutting-edge areas in general.

Keywords:

free electron laser /
terahertz /
photocathode high-voltage direct-current electron gun /
radio-frequency superconducting accelerator

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China;
2.
Sichuan Defense Science and Technology Industry Office, Chengdu 610051, China;
3.
Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China;
4.
Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
5.
Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Corresponding author: Wu Dai, wudai04@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China (Grant No. 2011YQ130018) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11475159, 11505173, 11505174, 11575264, 11605190, 11105019).

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[33]	Li M, Yang X F, Xu Z, Shu X J, Lu X Y, Huang W H, Wang H B, Dou Y H, Shen X M, Shan L J, Deng D R, Xu Y, Bai W, Feng D C, Wu D, Xiao D X, Wang J X, Luo X, Zhou K, Lao C L, Yan L G, Lin S F, Zhang P, Zhang H, He T H, Pan Q, Li X K, Li P, Liu Y, Yang L D, Liu J, Zhang D M, Li K, Chen Y N 2017 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 29 101 (in Chinese)[黎明, 杨兴繁, 许州, 束小建, 鲁向阳, 黄文会, 王汉斌, 窦玉焕, 沈旭明, 单李军, 邓德荣, 徐勇, 柏伟, 冯第超, 吴岱, 肖德鑫, 王建新, 罗星, 周奎, 劳成龙, 闫陇刚, 张鹏, 张浩, 和天慧, 林司芬, 潘清, 李相坤, 李鹏, 刘宇, 杨林德, 刘婕, 张德敏, 李凯, 陈亚男 2017 强激光与粒子束 29 101]
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Cited By

[1]	Madey J M J 1971 J. Appl. Phys. 42 1906
[2]	Cohn K, Blau J, Colson W, Blau J, Ng J 2015 Proceedings of FEL 2015 Daejeon, Korea, August 23-28, 2015 p625
[3]	Ayvazyan V, Baboi N, Bohnet I, Brinkmann R, Castellano M, Castro P, Catani L, Choroba S, Cianchi A, Dohlus M, Edwards H T 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 104802
[4]	Shintake T, Tanaka H, Hara T, Tanaka T, Togawa K, Yabashi M, Otake Y, Asano Y, Bizen T, Fukui T, Goto S 2008 Nature Photon. 2 555
[5]	Emma P, Akre R, Arthur J, Bionta R, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Brachmann A, Bucksbaum P, Coffee R, Decker F J, Ding Y 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 641
[6]	Pile D 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 456
[7]	Young L, Kanter E P, Krssig B, Li Y, March A M, Pratt S T, Santra R, Southworth S H, Rohringer N, DiMauro L F, Doumy G 2010 Nature 466 56
[8]	Vinko S M, Ciricosta O, Cho B I, Engelhorn K, Chung H K, Brown C R, Burian T, Chalupsky J, Falcone R W, Graves C, Hajkova V 2012 Nature 482 59
[9]	Takahashi S, Brunel L C, Edwards D T, van Tol J, Ramian G, Han S, Sherwin M S 2012 Nature 489 409
[10]	McSweeney S, Fromme P 2014 Nature 505 620
[11]	Zhao D H 1994 Acta Phys. Sin. 43 1447 (in Chinese)[赵东焕 1994 物理学报 43 1447]
[12]	Yin Y Z 1983 Acta Phys. Sin. 32 1407 (in Chinese)[尹元昭 1983 物理学报 32 1407]
[13]	Hui Z X, Yang Z H 1983 Free Electron Laser (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) (in Chinese)[惠中锡, 杨震华 1983 自由电子激光 (北京:国防工业出版社)]
[14]	Li J, Pei Y J, Hu T N, Chen Q S, Feng G Y, Shang L, Li C L 2014 Chin. Phys. C 38 103
[15]	Jia Q K 2017 Chin. Phys. C 41 18101
[16]	Xie J L, Fu E S 1994 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 18 572 (in Chinese)[谢家麟, 傅恩生 1994 高能物理与核物理 18 572]
[17]	Zhou C M 1993 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 2 1 (in Chinese)[周传明 1993 强激光与粒子束 2 1]
[18]	Jin X, Li M, Xu Z, Li W H, Yang X F, Chen T C, Xu Y, Yu H, Wang Y, Shen X M 2006 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 30 96 (in Chinese)[金晓, 黎明, 许州, 黎维华, 杨兴繁, 陈天才, 徐勇, 余虹, 王远, 沈旭明 2006 高能物理与核物理 30 96]
[19]	Zhao Z T, Wang D, Chen J H, Chen Z H, Deng H X, Ding J G, Feng C, Gu Q, Huang M M, Lan T H, Leng Y B 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 360
[20]	Dennis N 2017 Science 355 235
[21]	Zhao Z T, Wang D, Gu Q, Yin L, Fang G, Gu M, Leng Y B, Zhou Q, Liu B, Tang C, Huang W 2017 Synchrotron Radiation News 30 29
[22]	Zhu Z, Zhao Z T, Wang D, Liu Z, Li R, Yin L, Yang Z H 2017 Proceedings of FEL 2017 Santa Fe, NM, USA. August 20-25, 2017 MOP055
[23]	Liu M, Hwang H Y, Tao H, Strikwerda A C, Fan K, Keiser G R, Sternbach A J, West K G, Kittiwatanakul S, Lu J, Wolf S A 2012 Nature 487 345
[24]	Fan K, Hwang H Y, Liu M, Strikwerda A C, Sternbach A, Zhang J, Zhao X, Zhang X, Nelson K A, Averitt R D 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 217404
[25]	Kulipanov G N, Gavrilov N G, Knyazev B A, Kolobanov E I, Kotenkov V V, Kubarev V V, Matveenko A N, Medvedev L E, Miginsky S V, Mironenko L A, Ovchar V K 2008 Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1 107
[26]	Zhang J, Deng H X, Lin X, Dai D, Sun Q, Lu S, Yu T, Zhao H, Yang H, Dai Z 2012 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 693 23
[27]	Wen X, Huang S L, Lin L, Wang F, Zhu F, Feng L, Yang L, Wang Z, Fan P, Hao J, Quan S 2016 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 820 75
[28]	Su X L, Wang D Tian Q L 2017 Proceedings of IPAC 2017 Copenhagen, Denmark, May 14-19, 2015 p1488
[29]	Xu Z, Yang X F, Li M 2013 J. Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology 1 1 (in Chinese)[许州, 杨兴繁, 黎明 2013 太赫兹科学与电子信息学报 1 1]
[30]	Dou Y H, Shu X J, Wang Y Z 2006 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 18 1345 (in Chinese)[窦玉焕, 束小建, 王元璋 2006 强激光与粒子束 18 1345]
[31]	Dou Y H, Shu X J, Deng D R, Yang X F, Li M 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25 662 (in Chinese)[窦玉焕, 束小建, 邓德荣, 杨兴繁, 黎明 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 662]
[32]	Li P, Jiao Y, Bai W, Wang H B, Cui X H, Li X K 2014 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 26 3102 (in Chinese)[李鹏, 焦毅, 柏伟, 王汉斌, 崔小昊, 李相坤 2014 强激光与粒子束 26 3102]
[33]	Li M, Yang X F, Xu Z, Shu X J, Lu X Y, Huang W H, Wang H B, Dou Y H, Shen X M, Shan L J, Deng D R, Xu Y, Bai W, Feng D C, Wu D, Xiao D X, Wang J X, Luo X, Zhou K, Lao C L, Yan L G, Lin S F, Zhang P, Zhang H, He T H, Pan Q, Li X K, Li P, Liu Y, Yang L D, Liu J, Zhang D M, Li K, Chen Y N 2017 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 29 101 (in Chinese)[黎明, 杨兴繁, 许州, 束小建, 鲁向阳, 黄文会, 王汉斌, 窦玉焕, 沈旭明, 单李军, 邓德荣, 徐勇, 柏伟, 冯第超, 吴岱, 肖德鑫, 王建新, 罗星, 周奎, 劳成龙, 闫陇刚, 张鹏, 张浩, 和天慧, 林司芬, 潘清, 李相坤, 李鹏, 刘宇, 杨林德, 刘婕, 张德敏, 李凯, 陈亚男 2017 强激光与粒子束 29 101]
[34]	Wang H B, Yang X F, Pan Q, Li M 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25 145 (in Chinese)[王汉斌, 杨兴繁, 潘清, 黎明 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 145]
[35]	Wu D 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing:Tsinghua University) (in Chinese)[吴岱 2014 博士学位论文(北京:清华大学)]
[36]	Luo X, Lao C, Zhou K, Li M, Yang X, Lu X, Quan S, Wang F, Mi Z, Sun Y, Wang H 2017 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 871 30
[37]	Murokh A, Rosenzweig J B, Hogan M, Suk H, Travish G, Happek U 1998 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 410 452

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