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Optical frequency comb (OFC) is a new type of high-quality laser source. The visible and near-infrared OFCs have become mature, and it has been widely used in optical frequency metrology, time/frequency transfer, precision laser spectroscopy and other fields. Since the mid and far-infrared spectral regions contain a large number of baseband absorption lines for molecules and the absorption intensities are several orders of magnitude higher than those in the visible and near-infrared spectral region, one has made great efforts to develop the mid and far-infrared OFCs in recent years. Although a variety of approaches to achieving infrared OFCs directly have been proposed, the method of difference frequency generation (DFG) infrared OFC based on the optical rectification technique is still more efficient. DFG infrared OFCs with widely tuning ability have been demonstrated based on fiber lasers so far. However, how to obtain the broadband spectrum for a DFG infrared OFC with widely tuning ability still needs to be solved. In this paper we report a fiber-type DFG infrared OFC by using the femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser as the fundamental light. Based on the self-developed mode-locked fiber laser oscillator with repetition rate locked, the two-color fundamental pulse trains with the central wavelengths of 1.5 and 2.0 m are respectively achieved after the chirped pulse fiber amplification and all-fiber supercontinuum (SC) generation techniques have been utilized. With a time-domain synchronous detection system based on the intensity autocorrelation principle, the accurate synchronization with the fundamental two-color pulses is obtained by optimizing the OFS compensated fiber length and adjusting a tunable optical delay line. Finally, by using the optical rectification technique, a fiber-type DFG infrared OFC is successfully generated with the help of a suitable designed GaSe nonlinear crystal. Our experimental results also show that the spectral location of the DFG infrared OFC can be tuned by controlling the spectral shape of the SC combined with the adjustment of the phase-matching for the nonlinear crystal. The measured tuning range of the DFG infrared OFC is from 6 to 10 m, and the maximum spectral width is 1.3 m. This fiber-type DFG infrared OFC may play an important role in the molecular spectroscopy, the atmospheric environmental monitoring, and other fields.
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Keywords:
- optical frequency comb /
- difference frequency generation /
- fiber lasers /
- mid and far-infrared
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[21] Gambetta A, Ramponi R, Marangoni M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2671
[22] Keilmann F, Amarie S 2012 J. Infrared Millim. Te. 33 479
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[24] Hu C, Yue W, Chen T, Jiang P, Wu B, Shen Y 2017 Appl. Opt. 56 1574
[25] Meng F, Cao S Y, Cai Y, Wang G Z, Cao J P, Li T C, Fang Z J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 100601 (in Chinese) [孟飞, 曹士英, 蔡岳, 王贵重, 曹建平, 李天初, 方占军 2011 物理学报 60 100601]
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[28] Wu H Y, Shi L, Ma T, Ma J D, Lu Q, Sun Q, Mao Q H 2017 Chin. J. Lasers 44 0601008 (in Chinese) [吴浩煜, 时雷, 马挺, 马金栋, 路桥, 孙青, 毛庆和 2017 中国激光 44 0601008]
[29] Ye J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1153
[30] Dudley J M, Genty G, Coen S 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1135
[31] Agrawal G P 2006 Nonlinear Fiber Optics (San Diego: Academic Press) pp7-12
[32] Puppe T, Sell A, Kliese R, Hoghooghi N, Zach A, Kaenders W 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 1877
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[1] Cundiff S T, Ye J 2003 Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 325
[2] Jones D, Diddams S A, Ranka J K, Stentz A, Windeler R S, Hall J L, Cundiff S T 2000 Science 288 635
[3] Udem T, Holzwarth R, Hnsch T W 2002 Nature 416 233
[4] Margolis H S 2012 Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 5174
[5] Ebrahim Z M, Sorokina I T 2008 Mid-Infrared Coherent Sources and Applications (Netherlands: Springer Verlag) p26
[6] Todd M W, Provencal R A, Owano T G, Paldus B A, Kachanov A, Vodopyanov K L, Hunter M, Coy S L, Steinfeld J I, Arnold J T 2002 Appl. Phys. B 75 367
[7] Schliesser A, Picqu N, Hnsch T W 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 440
[8] Gustavo V, Sabine R, Johanna W, Dmitry K, Martin J S, Pierre J, Mattias B, Jrme F 2016 Optica 3 252
[9] Austin G G, Meng J Y, Yoshitomo O, Jaime C, Aseema M, Alexander L G, Michal L 2016 Opt. Express 24 13044
[10] Adler F, Masłowski P, Foltynowicz A, Cossel K C, Briles T C, Hartl I, Ye J 2010 Opt. Express 18 21861
[11] Galli I, Bartalini S, Borri S, Cancio P, Mazzotti D, Natale P D, Giusfredi G 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 270802
[12] Keilmann F, Gohle C, Holzwarth R 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1542
[13] Bernhardt B, Sorokin E, Jacquet P, Thon R, Becker T, Sorokina I T, Picqu N, Hnsch T W 2010 Appl. Phys. B 100 3
[14] Hugi A, Villares G, Blaser S, Andreas, Liu H C, Faist J 2012 Nature 492 229
[15] Wang C Y, Herr T, Del'Haye P, Schliesser A, Hofer J, Holzwarth R, Hnsch T W, Picqu N, Kippenberg T J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1345
[16] Adler F, Cossel K C, Thorpe M J, Hartl I, Fermann M E, Ye J 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 1330
[17] Reid D T, Gale B J S, Sun J 2008 Laser Phys. 18 87
[18] Gambetta A, Coluccelli N, Cassinerio M, Gatti D, Laporta P, Galzerano G, Marangoni M 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 1155
[19] Foreman S M, Marian A, Ye J, Petrukhin E A, Gubin M A, Mcke O D, Wong F N C, Ippen E P, Krtner F X 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 570
[20] Schliesser A, Brehm M, Keilmann F 2005 Opt. Express 13 9029
[21] Gambetta A, Ramponi R, Marangoni M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2671
[22] Keilmann F, Amarie S 2012 J. Infrared Millim. Te. 33 479
[23] Li J S, Yao J Q, Xu X Y, Zhong K, Xu D G, Wang P 2010 Acta Phot. Sin. 39 1491 (in Chinese) [李建松, 姚建铨, 徐小燕, 钟凯, 徐德刚, 王鹏 2010 光子学报 39 1491]
[24] Hu C, Yue W, Chen T, Jiang P, Wu B, Shen Y 2017 Appl. Opt. 56 1574
[25] Meng F, Cao S Y, Cai Y, Wang G Z, Cao J P, Li T C, Fang Z J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 100601 (in Chinese) [孟飞, 曹士英, 蔡岳, 王贵重, 曹建平, 李天初, 方占军 2011 物理学报 60 100601]
[26] Zhang Y, Yan L, Zhao W, Meng S, Fan S, Zhang L, Guo G, Zhang S, Jiang H 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 064209
[27] Yang X T, Chen X L, Zhao J, Yang K W, Ding L E, Zeng H P 2014 Sci. Sin.: Phys. Mech. Astron. 44 698 (in Chinese) [杨行涛, 陈修亮, 赵健, 杨康文, 丁良恩, 曾和平 2014 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 44 698]
[28] Wu H Y, Shi L, Ma T, Ma J D, Lu Q, Sun Q, Mao Q H 2017 Chin. J. Lasers 44 0601008 (in Chinese) [吴浩煜, 时雷, 马挺, 马金栋, 路桥, 孙青, 毛庆和 2017 中国激光 44 0601008]
[29] Ye J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1153
[30] Dudley J M, Genty G, Coen S 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1135
[31] Agrawal G P 2006 Nonlinear Fiber Optics (San Diego: Academic Press) pp7-12
[32] Puppe T, Sell A, Kliese R, Hoghooghi N, Zach A, Kaenders W 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 1877
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