Overview and outlook of magnetic skyrmions

Liu Yi-Zhou; Zang Jiadong

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180619

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected nano-scale spin textures. They normally exist in chiral magnets and magnetic thin films with broken inversion symmetry. The size of skyrmion ranges from 1 nm to several hundred nanometers, depending on the material parameters. The spins of skyrmion wrap around the unit sphere exactly once, thus facilitating the unit topological charge of a skyrmion. Due to their non-trivial topology, skyrmions exhibit exotic physics such as the topological Hall effect (THE) and the emergent electrodynamics. Skyrmions show particle-like dynamics and can be driven with ultra-low current density. Furthermore, they can be created, annihilated, manipulated and detected by all-electric methods, making skyrmion a promising candidate for next-generation information storage and processing technologies. On the other hand, combining skyrmions with superconductors and topological insulators may also lead to intriguing physics and applications such as the topological quantum computing. Over the past few years, the creation, annihilation and detection of skyrmion at room temperature have already been demonstrated, but the precise control of single skyrmion with size below 10 nm is still a challenge. In this paper, we first review the fundamental physics of skyrmion, from its topology to its emergent dynamics. Physical mechanisms of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the emergent electrodynamics and the THE are discussed. Then the skyrmion material systems, including chiral magnets, magnetic thin films, artificial skyrmion systems, frustrated magnets, bi-skyrmion materials and antiskyrmion materials, are comprehensively summarized. The optimizations of materials and potential new skyrmion materials are also proposed for different material systems. Methods of creating, annihilating and detecting skyrmions, which also cover potential application methods other than electrical methods, are discussed from both theoretical and experimental point of view. The energy efficiencies and reliabilities of different creation and annihilation methods and the sensitivities of different detection methods are still unclear, these current bottlenecks and possible avenues towards skyrmion-based spintronics are described. Finally, we address some possible future directions of skyrmion research, such as the antiferromagnetic skyrmion and skyrmions in topological insulators, which may lead to the discovery of peculiar topological quantum physics and materials.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Liu Yi-Zhou^1,3,
Zang Jiadong²

1.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2.
Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA;
3.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA

Corresponding author: Liu Yi-Zhou, yliu062@ucr.edu;jiadong.zang@unh.edu ; Zang Jiadong, yliu062@ucr.edu;jiadong.zang@unh.edu

Funds: Project supported by the by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Award (Grant No. DE-SC0016424).

References

[1]	Berry M V 1984 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 392 45
[2]	Klitzing K V, Dorda G, Pepper M 1980 Phys. Rev. Lett. 45 494
[3]	Qi X L, Zhang S C 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1057
[4]	Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045
[5]	Nagaosa N, Sinova J, Onoda S, MacDonald A H, Ong N P 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 1539
[6]	Skyrme T H R 1961 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 260 127
[7]	Bogdanov A N, Yablonskii A A 1989 Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 95
[8]	Rler U K, Bogdanov A N, Pfleiderer C 2006 Nature 442 797
[9]	Fert A, Cros V, Sampaio J 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 152
[10]	Tsoi M, Fontana R E, Parkin S S P 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2617
[11]	Shinjo T, Okuno T, Hassdorf R, Shigeto K, Ono T 2000 Science 289 930
[12]	Hubert A, Schfer R 2008 Magnetic Domains: The Analysis of Magnetic Microstructures (New York: Springer Science Business Media) pp99-101
[13]	Mermin N D 1979 Rev. Mod. Phys. 51 591
[14]	Armstrong M A 1983 Basic Topology (New York: Springer-Verlag) pp20-22
[15]	Dzyaloshinsky I 1958 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4 241
[16]	Moriya T 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 91
[17]	Mhlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Bni P 2009 Science 323 915
[18]	Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature 465 901
[19]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Zhao G P, Zhao W 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 11369
[20]	Zhang X, Ezawa M, Zhou Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 9400
[21]	Tomasello R, Martinez E, Zivieri R, Torres L, Carpentieri M, Finocchio G 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6784
[22]	Kang W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao W 2016 Proc. IEEE 104 2040
[23]	Zhang S, Wang J, Zheng Q, Zhu Q, Liu X, Chen S, Jin C, Liu Q F, Jia C, Xue D 2015 New J. Phys. 17 023061
[24]	Garcia-Sanchez F, Sampaio J, Reyren N, Cros V, Kim J V 2016 New J. Phys. 18 075011
[25]	Finocchio G, Ricci M, Tomasello R, Giordano A, Lanuzza M, Puliafito V, Burrascano P, Azzerboni B, Carpentieri M 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 262401
[26]	Jiang S T, Li W 2003 Magnetism in Condensed Matter Physics (Beijing: Science Press) pp215-237 (in Chinese) [姜寿亭, 李卫 2003 凝聚态磁性物理 (北京: 科学出版社) 第215237页]
[27]	Rajaraman R 1982 Solitons and Instantons: An Introduction to Solitons and Instantons in Quantum Field Theory (Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-holland) pp14-16
[28]	Derrick G H 1964 J. Math. Phys. 5 1252
[29]	Hobart R H 1963 Proc. Phys. Soc. 82 201
[30]	Ruderman M A, Kittel C 1954 Phys. Rev. 96 99
[31]	Kasuya T 1956 Prog. Theor. Phys. 16 45
[32]	Yosida K 1957 Phys. Rev. 106 893
[33]	Feng D, Jin G J 2013 Condensed Matter Physics (Volume 1) (Beijing: Higher Education Press) pp514-522 (in Chinese) [冯端, 金国钧 2013 凝聚态物理学(上卷) (北京: 高等教育出版社) 第514522页]
[34]	Mhlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Bni P 2009 Science 323 915
[35]	Levatić I, Popčević P, urija V, Kruchkov A, Berger H, Magrez A, White J S, Rnnow H M, Živković I 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 21347
[36]	Janoschek M, Garst M, Bauer A, Krautscheid P, Georgii R, Bni P, Pfleiderer C 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 134407
[37]	Han J H, Zang J, Yang Z, Park J H, Nagaosa N 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 094429
[38]	Neubauer A, Pfleiderer C, Binz B, Rosch A, Ritz R, Niklowitz P G, Bni P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 186602
[39]	Zang J, Mostovoy M, Han J H, Nagaosa N 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 136804
[40]	Schulz T, Ritz R, Bauer A, Halder M, Wagner M, Franz C, Pfleiderer C, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 301
[41]	Kong L, Zang J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 067203
[42]	Mochizuki M, Yu X Z, Seki S, Kanazawa N, Koshibae W, Zang J, Mostovoy M, Tokura Y, Nagaosa N 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 241
[43]	Wilczek F, Shapere A 1989 Geometric Phases in Physics (Singapore: World Scientific) pp247-257
[44]	Jonietz F, Mhlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Neubauer A, Mnzer W, Bauer A, Adams T, Georgii R, Bni P, Duine R A, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2010 Science 330 1648
[45]	Schulz T, Ritz R, Bauer A, Halder M, Wagner M, Franz C, Pfleiderer C, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 301
[46]	Li Y, Kanazawa N, Yu X Z, Tsukazaki A, Kawasaki M, Ichikawa M, Jin X F, Kagawa F, Tokura Y 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 117202
[47]	Huang S X, Chien C L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 267201
[48]	Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Arima T, Okuyama D, Ohoyama K, Wakimoto S, Kakurai K, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 156603
[49]	Raju M, Yagil A, Soumyanarayanan A, Tan A K C, Almoalem A, Auslaender O M, Panagopoulos C 2017 arxiv: 170804084 [cond-mat]
[50]	Yokouchi T, Kanazawa N, Tsukazaki A, Kozuka Y, Kawasaki M, Ichikawa M, Kagawa F, Tokura Y 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 064416
[51]	Tian Y, Ye L, Jin X F 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 087206
[52]	Hall E H 1879 Am. J. Math. 2 287
[53]	Chang M C, Niu Q 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 7010
[54]	Sundaram G, Niu Q 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 14915
[55]	Jungwirth T, Niu Q, MacDonald A H 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 207208
[56]	Lee M, Onose Y, Tokura Y, Ong N P 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 172403
[57]	Freimuth F, Bamler R, Mokrousov Y, Rosch A 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 214409
[58]	Franz C, Freimuth F, Bauer A, Ritz R, Schnarr C, Duvinage C, Adams T, Blgel S, Rosch A, Mokrousov Y, Pfleiderer C 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 186601
[59]	Denisov K S, Rozhansky I V, Averkiev N S, Lhderanta E 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 17204
[60]	Denisov K S, Rozhansky I V, Averkiev N S, Lhderanta E 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 027202
[61]	Tanigaki T, Shibata K, Kanazawa N, Yu X, Onose Y, Park H S, Shindo D, Tokura Y 2015 Nano Lett. 15 5438
[62]	Kanazawa N, Nii Y, Zhang X X, Mishchenko A S, De Filippis G, Kagawa F, Iwasa Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11622
[63]	Fujishiro Y, Kanazawa N, Shimojima T, Nakamura A, Ishizaka K, Koretsune T, Arita R, Miyake A, Mitamura H, Akiba K, Tokunaga M, Shiogai J, Kimura S, Awaji S, Tsukazaki A, Kikkawa A, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 408
[64]	Ahmed A S, Esser B D, Rowland J, McComb D W, Kawakami R K 2017 J. Cryst. Growth 467 38
[65]	Du H, Che R, Kong L, Zhao X, Jin C, Wang C, Yang J, Ning W, Li R, Jin C, Chen X, Zang J, Zhang Y, Tian M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8504
[66]	Zheng F, Li H, Wang S, Song D, Jin C, Wei W, Kovcs A, Zang J, Tian M, Zhang Y, Du H, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 197205
[67]	Gallagher J C, Meng K Y, Brangham J T, Wang H L, Esser B D, McComb D W, Yang F Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 027201
[68]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Kimoto K, Zhang W Z, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 106
[69]	Tokunaga Y, Yu X Z, White J S, Rnnow H M, Morikawa D, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7638
[70]	Karube K, White J S, Morikawa D, Bartkowiak M, Kikkawa A, Tokunaga Y, Arima T, Rnnow H M, Tokura Y, Taguchi Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Mater. 1 074405
[71]	Seki S, Yu X Z, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198
[72]	Janson O, Rousochatzakis I, Tsirlin A A, Belesi M, Leonov A A, Rler U K, van den Brink J, Rosner H 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5376
[73]	White J S, Pra K, Huang P, Omrani A A, Živković I, Bartkowiak M, Berger H, Magrez A, Gavilano J L, Nagy G, Zang J, Rnnow H M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 107203
[74]	Kzsmrki I, Bordcs S, Milde P, Neuber E, Eng L M, White J S, Rnnow H M, Dewhurst C D, Mochizuki M, Yanai K, Nakamura H, Ehlers D, Tsurkan V, Loidl A 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1116
[75]	Li W, Jin C, Che R, Wei W, Lin L, Zhang L, Du H, Tian M, Zang J 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 060409
[76]	Fert A 1990 Mater. Sci. Forum 59-60 439
[77]	Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blgel S 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 713
[78]	Chen G, Mascaraque A, N'Diaye A T, Schmid A K 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 242404
[79]	Boulle O, Vogel J, Yang H, Pizzini S, Chaves D de S, Locatelli A, Menteș T O, Sala A, Buda-Prejbeanu L D, Klein O, Belmeguenai M, Roussign Y, Stashkevich A, Chrif S M, Aballe L, Foerster M, Chshiev M, Auffret S, Miron I M, Gaudin G 2016 Nat. Nanotech. 11 449
[80]	Woo S, Litzius K, Krger B, Im M Y, Caretta L, Richter K, Mann M, Krone A, Reeve R M, Weigand M, Agrawal P, Lemesh I, Mawass M A, Fischer P, Klui M, Beach G S D 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 501
[81]	Jiang W, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O, te Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2015 Science 349 283
[82]	Belabbes A, Bihlmayer G, Blgel S, Manchon A 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 24634
[83]	Moreau-Luchaire C, Moutafis C, Reyren N, Sampaio J, Vaz C A F, Horne N V, Bouzehouane K, Garcia K, Deranlot C, Warnicke P, Wohlhter P, George J M, Weigand M, Raabe J, Cros V, Fert A 2016 Nat. Nanotech. 11 444
[84]	Yang H, Thiaville A, Rohart S, Fert A, Chshiev M 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 267210
[85]	Yu G, Jenkins A, Ma X, Razavi S A, He C, Yin G, Shao Q, He Q L, Wu H, Li W, Jiang W, Han X, Li X, Bleszynski Jayich A C, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2018 Nano Lett. 18 980
[86]	Ma X, Yu G, Razavi S A, Sasaki S S, Li X, Hao K, Tolbert S H, Wang K L, Li X 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 027202
[87]	Woo S, Song K M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Liu X, Finizio S, Raabe J, Lee N J, Kim S I, Park S Y, Kim Y, Kim J Y, Lee D, Lee O, Choi J W, Min B C, Koo H C, Chang J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 959
[88]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 10293
[89]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 24795
[90]	Barker J, Tretiakov O A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 147203
[91]	Legrand W, Maccariello D, Reyren N, Garcia K, Moutafis C, Moreau-Luchaire C, Collin S, Bouzehouane K, Cros V, Fert A 2017 Nano Lett. 17 2703
[92]	Kim J V, Yoo M W 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 132404
[93]	Sun L, Cao R X, Miao B F, Feng Z, You B, Wu D, Zhang W, Hu A, Ding H F 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 167201
[94]	Gilbert D A, Maranville B B, Balk A L, Kirby B J, Fischer P, Pierce D T, Unguris J, Borchers J A, Liu K 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8462
[95]	Li J, Tan A, Moon K W, Doran A, Marcus M A, Young A T, Arenholz E, Ma S, Yang R F, Hwang C, Qiu Z Q 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4704
[96]	Miao B F, Sun L, Wu Y W, Tao X D, Xiong X, Wen Y, Cao R X, Wang P, Wu D, Zhan Q F, You B, Du J, Li R W, Ding H F 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 174411
[97]	Wu H Z, Miao B F, Sun L, Wu D, Ding H F 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 174416
[98]	Yu X Z, Tokunaga Y, Kaneko Y, Zhang W Z, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3198
[99]	Wang W, Zhang Y, Xu G, Peng L, Ding B, Wang Y, Hou Z, Zhang X, Li X, Liu E, Wang S, Cai J, Wang F, Li J, Hu F, Wu G, Shen B, Zhang X X 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6887
[100]	Nayak A K, Kumar V, Ma T, Werner P, Pippel E, Sahoo R, Damay F, Rler U K, Felser C, Parkin S S P 2017 Nature 548 561
[101]	Hoffmann M, Zimmermann B, Mller G P, Schrhoff D, Kiselev N S, Melcher C, Blgel S 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 308
[102]	Okubo T, Chung S, Kawamura H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 017206
[103]	Leonov A O, Mostovoy M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8275
[104]	Banerjee A, Yan J, Knolle J, Bridges C A, Stone M B, Lumsden M D, Mandrus D G, Tennant D A, Moessner R, Nagler S E 2017 Science 356 1055
[105]	Do S H, Park S Y, Yoshitake J, Nasu J, Motome Y, Kwon Y S, Adroja D T, Voneshen D J, Kim K, Jang T H, Park J H, Choi K Y, Ji S 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 1079
[106]	Pereiro M, Yudin D, Chico J, Etz C, Eriksson O, Bergman A 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4815
[107]	Hou Z, Ren W, Ding B, Xu G, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu E, Xu F, Wang W, Wu G, Zhang X, Shen B, Zhang Z 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1701144
[108]	Ye L, Kang M, Liu J, von Cube F, Wicker C R, Suzuki T, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Bell D C, Fu L, Comin R, Checkelsky J G 2018 Nature 555 638
[109]	Hsu P J, Kubetzka A, Finco A, Romming N, von Bergmann K, Wiesendanger R 2017 Nat. Nanotech. 12 123
[110]	Romming N, Hanneken C, Menzel M, Bickel J E, Wolter B, von Bergmann K, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R 2013 Science 341 636
[111]	Pollard S D, Garlow J A, Yu J, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Yang H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14761
[112]	Montoya S A, Couture S, Chess J J, Lee J C T, Kent N, Henze D, Sinha S K, Im M Y, Kevan S D, Fischer P, McMorran B J, Lomakin V, Roy S, Fullerton E E 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 024415
[113]	Soumyanarayanan A, Raju M, Oyarce A L G, Tan A K C, Im M Y, Petrović A P, Ho P, Khoo K H, Tran M, Gan C K, Ernult F, Panagopoulos C 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 898
[114]	Nagao M, So Y G, Yoshida H, Isobe M, Hara T, Ishizuka K, Kimoto K 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 325
[115]	Slonczewski J C 1996 J.Magn. Magn. Mater. 159 L1
[116]	Berger L 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 9353
[117]	Zhang S, Li Z 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 127204
[118]	Iwasaki J, Mochizuki M, Nagaosa N 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 742
[119]	Bttner F, Lemesh I, Schneider M, Pfau B, Gnther C M, Hessing P, Geilhufe J, Caretta L, Engel D, Krger B, Viefhaus J, Eisebitt S, Beach G S D 2017 Nat. Nanotech. 12 1040
[120]	Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4652
[121]	Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Shao Q, Wu H, Yin G, Li X, He C, Jiang W, Han X, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2017 Nano Lett. 17 261
[122]	Sampaio J, Cros V, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Fert A 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 839
[123]	Grab J L, Rugar A E, Ralph D C 2017 Phys. Rev. B 97 184424
[124]	Finazzi M, Savoini M, Khorsand A R, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Du L, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T, Ezawa M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 177205
[125]	Berruto G, Madan I, Murooka Y, Vanacore G M, Pomarico E, Rajeswari J, Lamb R, Huang P, Kruchkov A J, Togawa Y, LaGrange T, McGrouther D, Rnnow H M, Carbone F 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 117201
[126]	Fujita H, Sato M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 054421
[127]	Kryder M H, Gage E C, McDaniel T W, Challener W A, Rottmayer R E, Ju G, Hsia Y T, Erden M F 2008 Proc. IEEE 96 1810
[128]	Liu Y, Yin G, Zang J, Shi J, Lake R K 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 152411
[129]	Mochizuki M, Watanabe Y 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 082409
[130]	Liu Y, Lei N, Zhao W, Liu W, Ruotolo A, Braun H B, Zhou Y 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 022406
[131]	Li Z, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Kang W, Koli S C, Lei N 2017 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 455 19
[132]	Chauleau J Y, Legrand W, Reyren N, Maccariello D, Collin S, Popescu H, Bouzehouane K, Cros V, Jaouen N, Fert A 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 037202
[133]	Zhang S L, Bauer A, Burn D M, Milde P, Neuber E, Eng L M, Berger H, Pfleiderer C, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T 2016 Nano Lett. 16 3285
[134]	Zhang S L, Bauer A, Berger H, Pfleiderer C, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 214420
[135]	Maccariello D, Legrand W, Reyren N, Garcia K, Bouzehouane K, Collin S, Cros V, Fert A 2018 Nat. Nanotech. 13 233
[136]	Dovzhenko Y, Casola F, Schlotter S, Zhou T X, Bttner F, Walsworth R L, Beach G S D, Yacoby A 2016 arXiv: 161100673 [cond-mat]
[137]	Wang P, Yuan Z, Huang P, Rong X, Wang M, Xu X, Duan C, Ju C, Shi F, Du J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 631
[138]	Li Z A, Zheng F, Tavabi A H, Caron J, Jin C, Du H, Kovacs A, Tian M, Farle M, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2017 Nano Lett. 17 1395
[139]	Fischer P 2010 Mater. Today 13 14
[140]	Monchesky T L 2015 Nat. Nanotech. 10 1008
[141]	Hamamoto K, Ezawa M, Nagaosa N 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 112401
[142]	Hanneken C, Otte F, Kubetzka A, Dup B, Romming N, von Bergmann K, Wiesendanger R, Heinze S 2015 Nat. Nanotech. 10 1039
[143]	Crum D M, Bouhassoune M, Bouaziz J, Schweflinghaus B, Blgel S, Lounis S 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8541
[144]	Du H, Liang D, Jin C, Kong L, Stolt M J, Ning W, Yang J, Xing Y, Wang J, Che R, Zang J, Jin S, Zhang Y, Tian M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7637
[145]	Zeissler K, Shahbazi K, Massey J, Finizio S, Raabe J, Ma'Mari F A, Rosamond M C, Linfield E H, Moore T A, Burnell G, Marrows C H 2017 arXiv: 170606024 [cond-mat, physics:physics]
[146]	Yin G, Liu Y, Barlas Y, Zang J, Lake R K 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 024411
[147]	Nikonov D E, Young I A 2014 J. Mater. Res. 29 2109
[148]	Rybakov F N, Borisov A B, Bogdanov A N 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 094424
[149]	Song D, Li Z A, Caron J, Kovcs A, Tian H, Jin C, Du H, Tian M, Li J, Zhu J, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 167204
[150]	Schneider S, Wolf D, Stolt M J, Jin S, Pohl D, Rellinghaus B, Schmidt M, Bchner B, Goennenwein S T B, Nielsch K, Lubk A 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 217201
[151]	Milde P, Khler D, Seidel J, Eng L M, Bauer A, Chacon A, Kindervater J, Mhlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Buhrandt S, Schtte C, Rosch A 2013 Science 340 1076
[152]	Rybakov F N, Borisov A B, Blgel S, Kiselev N S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 117201
[153]	Ahmed A S, Rowland J, Esser B D, Dunsiger S, McComb D W, Randeria M, Kawakami R K 2018 Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 041401(R)
[154]	Zheng F, Rybakov F N, Borisov A B, Song D, Wang S, Li Z A, Du H, Kiselev N S, Caron J, Kovcs A, Tian M, Zhang Y, Blgel S, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2017 arXiv: 170604654 [cond-mat]
[155]	Du H, Ning W, Tian M, Zhang Y 2013 EPL 101 37001
[156]	Liu Y, Du H, Jia M, Du A 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 094425
[157]	Manke I, Kardjilov N, Schfer R, Hilger A, Strobl M, Dawson M, Grnzweig C, Behr G, Hentschel M, David C, Kupsch A, Lange A, Banhart J 2010 Nat. Commun. 1 125
[158]	Donnelly C, Guizar-Sicairos M, Scagnoli V, Gliga S, Holler M, Raabe J, Heyderman L J 2017 Nature 547 328
[159]	Yasuda K, Wakatsuki R, Morimoto T, Yoshimi R, Tsukazaki A, Takahashi K S, Ezawa M, Kawasaki M, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 555
[160]	Liu C, Zang Y, Ruan W, Gong Y, He K, Ma X, Xue Q K, Wang Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 176809
[161]	Zhang J L, Jiao L, Pang G M, Yuan H Q 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 217403 (in Chinese) [张警蕾, 焦琳, 庞贵明, 袁辉球 2015 物理学报 64 217403]
[162]	Wei W, Zhao G J, Kim D R, Jin C, Zhang J L, Ling L, Zhang L, Du H, Chen T Y, Zang J, Tian M, Chien C L, Zhang Y 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 104503

Cited By

[1]	Berry M V 1984 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 392 45
[2]	Klitzing K V, Dorda G, Pepper M 1980 Phys. Rev. Lett. 45 494
[3]	Qi X L, Zhang S C 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1057
[4]	Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045
[5]	Nagaosa N, Sinova J, Onoda S, MacDonald A H, Ong N P 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 1539
[6]	Skyrme T H R 1961 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 260 127
[7]	Bogdanov A N, Yablonskii A A 1989 Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 95
[8]	Rler U K, Bogdanov A N, Pfleiderer C 2006 Nature 442 797
[9]	Fert A, Cros V, Sampaio J 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 152
[10]	Tsoi M, Fontana R E, Parkin S S P 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2617
[11]	Shinjo T, Okuno T, Hassdorf R, Shigeto K, Ono T 2000 Science 289 930
[12]	Hubert A, Schfer R 2008 Magnetic Domains: The Analysis of Magnetic Microstructures (New York: Springer Science Business Media) pp99-101
[13]	Mermin N D 1979 Rev. Mod. Phys. 51 591
[14]	Armstrong M A 1983 Basic Topology (New York: Springer-Verlag) pp20-22
[15]	Dzyaloshinsky I 1958 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4 241
[16]	Moriya T 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 91
[17]	Mhlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Bni P 2009 Science 323 915
[18]	Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature 465 901
[19]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Zhao G P, Zhao W 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 11369
[20]	Zhang X, Ezawa M, Zhou Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 9400
[21]	Tomasello R, Martinez E, Zivieri R, Torres L, Carpentieri M, Finocchio G 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6784
[22]	Kang W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao W 2016 Proc. IEEE 104 2040
[23]	Zhang S, Wang J, Zheng Q, Zhu Q, Liu X, Chen S, Jin C, Liu Q F, Jia C, Xue D 2015 New J. Phys. 17 023061
[24]	Garcia-Sanchez F, Sampaio J, Reyren N, Cros V, Kim J V 2016 New J. Phys. 18 075011
[25]	Finocchio G, Ricci M, Tomasello R, Giordano A, Lanuzza M, Puliafito V, Burrascano P, Azzerboni B, Carpentieri M 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 262401
[26]	Jiang S T, Li W 2003 Magnetism in Condensed Matter Physics (Beijing: Science Press) pp215-237 (in Chinese) [姜寿亭, 李卫 2003 凝聚态磁性物理 (北京: 科学出版社) 第215237页]
[27]	Rajaraman R 1982 Solitons and Instantons: An Introduction to Solitons and Instantons in Quantum Field Theory (Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-holland) pp14-16
[28]	Derrick G H 1964 J. Math. Phys. 5 1252
[29]	Hobart R H 1963 Proc. Phys. Soc. 82 201
[30]	Ruderman M A, Kittel C 1954 Phys. Rev. 96 99
[31]	Kasuya T 1956 Prog. Theor. Phys. 16 45
[32]	Yosida K 1957 Phys. Rev. 106 893
[33]	Feng D, Jin G J 2013 Condensed Matter Physics (Volume 1) (Beijing: Higher Education Press) pp514-522 (in Chinese) [冯端, 金国钧 2013 凝聚态物理学(上卷) (北京: 高等教育出版社) 第514522页]
[34]	Mhlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Bni P 2009 Science 323 915
[35]	Levatić I, Popčević P, urija V, Kruchkov A, Berger H, Magrez A, White J S, Rnnow H M, Živković I 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 21347
[36]	Janoschek M, Garst M, Bauer A, Krautscheid P, Georgii R, Bni P, Pfleiderer C 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 134407
[37]	Han J H, Zang J, Yang Z, Park J H, Nagaosa N 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 094429
[38]	Neubauer A, Pfleiderer C, Binz B, Rosch A, Ritz R, Niklowitz P G, Bni P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 186602
[39]	Zang J, Mostovoy M, Han J H, Nagaosa N 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 136804
[40]	Schulz T, Ritz R, Bauer A, Halder M, Wagner M, Franz C, Pfleiderer C, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 301
[41]	Kong L, Zang J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 067203
[42]	Mochizuki M, Yu X Z, Seki S, Kanazawa N, Koshibae W, Zang J, Mostovoy M, Tokura Y, Nagaosa N 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 241
[43]	Wilczek F, Shapere A 1989 Geometric Phases in Physics (Singapore: World Scientific) pp247-257
[44]	Jonietz F, Mhlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Neubauer A, Mnzer W, Bauer A, Adams T, Georgii R, Bni P, Duine R A, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2010 Science 330 1648
[45]	Schulz T, Ritz R, Bauer A, Halder M, Wagner M, Franz C, Pfleiderer C, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 301
[46]	Li Y, Kanazawa N, Yu X Z, Tsukazaki A, Kawasaki M, Ichikawa M, Jin X F, Kagawa F, Tokura Y 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 117202
[47]	Huang S X, Chien C L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 267201
[48]	Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Arima T, Okuyama D, Ohoyama K, Wakimoto S, Kakurai K, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 156603
[49]	Raju M, Yagil A, Soumyanarayanan A, Tan A K C, Almoalem A, Auslaender O M, Panagopoulos C 2017 arxiv: 170804084 [cond-mat]
[50]	Yokouchi T, Kanazawa N, Tsukazaki A, Kozuka Y, Kawasaki M, Ichikawa M, Kagawa F, Tokura Y 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 064416
[51]	Tian Y, Ye L, Jin X F 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 087206
[52]	Hall E H 1879 Am. J. Math. 2 287
[53]	Chang M C, Niu Q 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 7010
[54]	Sundaram G, Niu Q 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 14915
[55]	Jungwirth T, Niu Q, MacDonald A H 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 207208
[56]	Lee M, Onose Y, Tokura Y, Ong N P 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 172403
[57]	Freimuth F, Bamler R, Mokrousov Y, Rosch A 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 214409
[58]	Franz C, Freimuth F, Bauer A, Ritz R, Schnarr C, Duvinage C, Adams T, Blgel S, Rosch A, Mokrousov Y, Pfleiderer C 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 186601
[59]	Denisov K S, Rozhansky I V, Averkiev N S, Lhderanta E 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 17204
[60]	Denisov K S, Rozhansky I V, Averkiev N S, Lhderanta E 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 027202
[61]	Tanigaki T, Shibata K, Kanazawa N, Yu X, Onose Y, Park H S, Shindo D, Tokura Y 2015 Nano Lett. 15 5438
[62]	Kanazawa N, Nii Y, Zhang X X, Mishchenko A S, De Filippis G, Kagawa F, Iwasa Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11622
[63]	Fujishiro Y, Kanazawa N, Shimojima T, Nakamura A, Ishizaka K, Koretsune T, Arita R, Miyake A, Mitamura H, Akiba K, Tokunaga M, Shiogai J, Kimura S, Awaji S, Tsukazaki A, Kikkawa A, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 408
[64]	Ahmed A S, Esser B D, Rowland J, McComb D W, Kawakami R K 2017 J. Cryst. Growth 467 38
[65]	Du H, Che R, Kong L, Zhao X, Jin C, Wang C, Yang J, Ning W, Li R, Jin C, Chen X, Zang J, Zhang Y, Tian M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8504
[66]	Zheng F, Li H, Wang S, Song D, Jin C, Wei W, Kovcs A, Zang J, Tian M, Zhang Y, Du H, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 197205
[67]	Gallagher J C, Meng K Y, Brangham J T, Wang H L, Esser B D, McComb D W, Yang F Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 027201
[68]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Kimoto K, Zhang W Z, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 106
[69]	Tokunaga Y, Yu X Z, White J S, Rnnow H M, Morikawa D, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7638
[70]	Karube K, White J S, Morikawa D, Bartkowiak M, Kikkawa A, Tokunaga Y, Arima T, Rnnow H M, Tokura Y, Taguchi Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Mater. 1 074405
[71]	Seki S, Yu X Z, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198
[72]	Janson O, Rousochatzakis I, Tsirlin A A, Belesi M, Leonov A A, Rler U K, van den Brink J, Rosner H 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5376
[73]	White J S, Pra K, Huang P, Omrani A A, Živković I, Bartkowiak M, Berger H, Magrez A, Gavilano J L, Nagy G, Zang J, Rnnow H M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 107203
[74]	Kzsmrki I, Bordcs S, Milde P, Neuber E, Eng L M, White J S, Rnnow H M, Dewhurst C D, Mochizuki M, Yanai K, Nakamura H, Ehlers D, Tsurkan V, Loidl A 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1116
[75]	Li W, Jin C, Che R, Wei W, Lin L, Zhang L, Du H, Tian M, Zang J 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 060409
[76]	Fert A 1990 Mater. Sci. Forum 59-60 439
[77]	Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blgel S 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 713
[78]	Chen G, Mascaraque A, N'Diaye A T, Schmid A K 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 242404
[79]	Boulle O, Vogel J, Yang H, Pizzini S, Chaves D de S, Locatelli A, Menteș T O, Sala A, Buda-Prejbeanu L D, Klein O, Belmeguenai M, Roussign Y, Stashkevich A, Chrif S M, Aballe L, Foerster M, Chshiev M, Auffret S, Miron I M, Gaudin G 2016 Nat. Nanotech. 11 449
[80]	Woo S, Litzius K, Krger B, Im M Y, Caretta L, Richter K, Mann M, Krone A, Reeve R M, Weigand M, Agrawal P, Lemesh I, Mawass M A, Fischer P, Klui M, Beach G S D 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 501
[81]	Jiang W, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O, te Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2015 Science 349 283
[82]	Belabbes A, Bihlmayer G, Blgel S, Manchon A 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 24634
[83]	Moreau-Luchaire C, Moutafis C, Reyren N, Sampaio J, Vaz C A F, Horne N V, Bouzehouane K, Garcia K, Deranlot C, Warnicke P, Wohlhter P, George J M, Weigand M, Raabe J, Cros V, Fert A 2016 Nat. Nanotech. 11 444
[84]	Yang H, Thiaville A, Rohart S, Fert A, Chshiev M 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 267210
[85]	Yu G, Jenkins A, Ma X, Razavi S A, He C, Yin G, Shao Q, He Q L, Wu H, Li W, Jiang W, Han X, Li X, Bleszynski Jayich A C, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2018 Nano Lett. 18 980
[86]	Ma X, Yu G, Razavi S A, Sasaki S S, Li X, Hao K, Tolbert S H, Wang K L, Li X 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 027202
[87]	Woo S, Song K M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Liu X, Finizio S, Raabe J, Lee N J, Kim S I, Park S Y, Kim Y, Kim J Y, Lee D, Lee O, Choi J W, Min B C, Koo H C, Chang J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 959
[88]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 10293
[89]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 24795
[90]	Barker J, Tretiakov O A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 147203
[91]	Legrand W, Maccariello D, Reyren N, Garcia K, Moutafis C, Moreau-Luchaire C, Collin S, Bouzehouane K, Cros V, Fert A 2017 Nano Lett. 17 2703
[92]	Kim J V, Yoo M W 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 132404
[93]	Sun L, Cao R X, Miao B F, Feng Z, You B, Wu D, Zhang W, Hu A, Ding H F 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 167201
[94]	Gilbert D A, Maranville B B, Balk A L, Kirby B J, Fischer P, Pierce D T, Unguris J, Borchers J A, Liu K 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8462
[95]	Li J, Tan A, Moon K W, Doran A, Marcus M A, Young A T, Arenholz E, Ma S, Yang R F, Hwang C, Qiu Z Q 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4704
[96]	Miao B F, Sun L, Wu Y W, Tao X D, Xiong X, Wen Y, Cao R X, Wang P, Wu D, Zhan Q F, You B, Du J, Li R W, Ding H F 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 174411
[97]	Wu H Z, Miao B F, Sun L, Wu D, Ding H F 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 174416
[98]	Yu X Z, Tokunaga Y, Kaneko Y, Zhang W Z, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3198
[99]	Wang W, Zhang Y, Xu G, Peng L, Ding B, Wang Y, Hou Z, Zhang X, Li X, Liu E, Wang S, Cai J, Wang F, Li J, Hu F, Wu G, Shen B, Zhang X X 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6887
[100]	Nayak A K, Kumar V, Ma T, Werner P, Pippel E, Sahoo R, Damay F, Rler U K, Felser C, Parkin S S P 2017 Nature 548 561
[101]	Hoffmann M, Zimmermann B, Mller G P, Schrhoff D, Kiselev N S, Melcher C, Blgel S 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 308
[102]	Okubo T, Chung S, Kawamura H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 017206
[103]	Leonov A O, Mostovoy M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8275
[104]	Banerjee A, Yan J, Knolle J, Bridges C A, Stone M B, Lumsden M D, Mandrus D G, Tennant D A, Moessner R, Nagler S E 2017 Science 356 1055
[105]	Do S H, Park S Y, Yoshitake J, Nasu J, Motome Y, Kwon Y S, Adroja D T, Voneshen D J, Kim K, Jang T H, Park J H, Choi K Y, Ji S 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 1079
[106]	Pereiro M, Yudin D, Chico J, Etz C, Eriksson O, Bergman A 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4815
[107]	Hou Z, Ren W, Ding B, Xu G, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu E, Xu F, Wang W, Wu G, Zhang X, Shen B, Zhang Z 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1701144
[108]	Ye L, Kang M, Liu J, von Cube F, Wicker C R, Suzuki T, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Bell D C, Fu L, Comin R, Checkelsky J G 2018 Nature 555 638
[109]	Hsu P J, Kubetzka A, Finco A, Romming N, von Bergmann K, Wiesendanger R 2017 Nat. Nanotech. 12 123
[110]	Romming N, Hanneken C, Menzel M, Bickel J E, Wolter B, von Bergmann K, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R 2013 Science 341 636
[111]	Pollard S D, Garlow J A, Yu J, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Yang H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14761
[112]	Montoya S A, Couture S, Chess J J, Lee J C T, Kent N, Henze D, Sinha S K, Im M Y, Kevan S D, Fischer P, McMorran B J, Lomakin V, Roy S, Fullerton E E 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 024415
[113]	Soumyanarayanan A, Raju M, Oyarce A L G, Tan A K C, Im M Y, Petrović A P, Ho P, Khoo K H, Tran M, Gan C K, Ernult F, Panagopoulos C 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 898
[114]	Nagao M, So Y G, Yoshida H, Isobe M, Hara T, Ishizuka K, Kimoto K 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 325
[115]	Slonczewski J C 1996 J.Magn. Magn. Mater. 159 L1
[116]	Berger L 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 9353
[117]	Zhang S, Li Z 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 127204
[118]	Iwasaki J, Mochizuki M, Nagaosa N 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 742
[119]	Bttner F, Lemesh I, Schneider M, Pfau B, Gnther C M, Hessing P, Geilhufe J, Caretta L, Engel D, Krger B, Viefhaus J, Eisebitt S, Beach G S D 2017 Nat. Nanotech. 12 1040
[120]	Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4652
[121]	Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Shao Q, Wu H, Yin G, Li X, He C, Jiang W, Han X, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2017 Nano Lett. 17 261
[122]	Sampaio J, Cros V, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Fert A 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 839
[123]	Grab J L, Rugar A E, Ralph D C 2017 Phys. Rev. B 97 184424
[124]	Finazzi M, Savoini M, Khorsand A R, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Du L, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T, Ezawa M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 177205
[125]	Berruto G, Madan I, Murooka Y, Vanacore G M, Pomarico E, Rajeswari J, Lamb R, Huang P, Kruchkov A J, Togawa Y, LaGrange T, McGrouther D, Rnnow H M, Carbone F 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 117201
[126]	Fujita H, Sato M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 054421
[127]	Kryder M H, Gage E C, McDaniel T W, Challener W A, Rottmayer R E, Ju G, Hsia Y T, Erden M F 2008 Proc. IEEE 96 1810
[128]	Liu Y, Yin G, Zang J, Shi J, Lake R K 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 152411
[129]	Mochizuki M, Watanabe Y 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 082409
[130]	Liu Y, Lei N, Zhao W, Liu W, Ruotolo A, Braun H B, Zhou Y 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 022406
[131]	Li Z, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Kang W, Koli S C, Lei N 2017 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 455 19
[132]	Chauleau J Y, Legrand W, Reyren N, Maccariello D, Collin S, Popescu H, Bouzehouane K, Cros V, Jaouen N, Fert A 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 037202
[133]	Zhang S L, Bauer A, Burn D M, Milde P, Neuber E, Eng L M, Berger H, Pfleiderer C, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T 2016 Nano Lett. 16 3285
[134]	Zhang S L, Bauer A, Berger H, Pfleiderer C, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 214420
[135]	Maccariello D, Legrand W, Reyren N, Garcia K, Bouzehouane K, Collin S, Cros V, Fert A 2018 Nat. Nanotech. 13 233
[136]	Dovzhenko Y, Casola F, Schlotter S, Zhou T X, Bttner F, Walsworth R L, Beach G S D, Yacoby A 2016 arXiv: 161100673 [cond-mat]
[137]	Wang P, Yuan Z, Huang P, Rong X, Wang M, Xu X, Duan C, Ju C, Shi F, Du J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 631
[138]	Li Z A, Zheng F, Tavabi A H, Caron J, Jin C, Du H, Kovacs A, Tian M, Farle M, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2017 Nano Lett. 17 1395
[139]	Fischer P 2010 Mater. Today 13 14
[140]	Monchesky T L 2015 Nat. Nanotech. 10 1008
[141]	Hamamoto K, Ezawa M, Nagaosa N 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 112401
[142]	Hanneken C, Otte F, Kubetzka A, Dup B, Romming N, von Bergmann K, Wiesendanger R, Heinze S 2015 Nat. Nanotech. 10 1039
[143]	Crum D M, Bouhassoune M, Bouaziz J, Schweflinghaus B, Blgel S, Lounis S 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8541
[144]	Du H, Liang D, Jin C, Kong L, Stolt M J, Ning W, Yang J, Xing Y, Wang J, Che R, Zang J, Jin S, Zhang Y, Tian M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7637
[145]	Zeissler K, Shahbazi K, Massey J, Finizio S, Raabe J, Ma'Mari F A, Rosamond M C, Linfield E H, Moore T A, Burnell G, Marrows C H 2017 arXiv: 170606024 [cond-mat, physics:physics]
[146]	Yin G, Liu Y, Barlas Y, Zang J, Lake R K 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 024411
[147]	Nikonov D E, Young I A 2014 J. Mater. Res. 29 2109
[148]	Rybakov F N, Borisov A B, Bogdanov A N 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 094424
[149]	Song D, Li Z A, Caron J, Kovcs A, Tian H, Jin C, Du H, Tian M, Li J, Zhu J, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 167204
[150]	Schneider S, Wolf D, Stolt M J, Jin S, Pohl D, Rellinghaus B, Schmidt M, Bchner B, Goennenwein S T B, Nielsch K, Lubk A 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 217201
[151]	Milde P, Khler D, Seidel J, Eng L M, Bauer A, Chacon A, Kindervater J, Mhlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Buhrandt S, Schtte C, Rosch A 2013 Science 340 1076
[152]	Rybakov F N, Borisov A B, Blgel S, Kiselev N S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 117201
[153]	Ahmed A S, Rowland J, Esser B D, Dunsiger S, McComb D W, Randeria M, Kawakami R K 2018 Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 041401(R)
[154]	Zheng F, Rybakov F N, Borisov A B, Song D, Wang S, Li Z A, Du H, Kiselev N S, Caron J, Kovcs A, Tian M, Zhang Y, Blgel S, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2017 arXiv: 170604654 [cond-mat]
[155]	Du H, Ning W, Tian M, Zhang Y 2013 EPL 101 37001
[156]	Liu Y, Du H, Jia M, Du A 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 094425
[157]	Manke I, Kardjilov N, Schfer R, Hilger A, Strobl M, Dawson M, Grnzweig C, Behr G, Hentschel M, David C, Kupsch A, Lange A, Banhart J 2010 Nat. Commun. 1 125
[158]	Donnelly C, Guizar-Sicairos M, Scagnoli V, Gliga S, Holler M, Raabe J, Heyderman L J 2017 Nature 547 328
[159]	Yasuda K, Wakatsuki R, Morimoto T, Yoshimi R, Tsukazaki A, Takahashi K S, Ezawa M, Kawasaki M, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 555
[160]	Liu C, Zang Y, Ruan W, Gong Y, He K, Ma X, Xue Q K, Wang Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 176809
[161]	Zhang J L, Jiao L, Pang G M, Yuan H Q 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 217403 (in Chinese) [张警蕾, 焦琳, 庞贵明, 袁辉球 2015 物理学报 64 217403]
[162]	Wei W, Zhao G J, Kim D R, Jin C, Zhang J L, Ling L, Zhang L, Du H, Chen T Y, Zang J, Tian M, Chien C L, Zhang Y 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 104503

[1]	Guo Xi, Zuo Ya-Lu, Cui Bao-Shan, Shen Tie-Long, Sheng Yan-Bin, Xi Li. Ion irradiation modulated magnetic properties of materials and its applications. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(13): 136101. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240541
[2]	Shi Hong-Chao, Tang Bing, Liu Chao-Fei. Effect of interlayer exchange coupling interaction on topological phase of a bilayer honeycomb Heisenberg ferromagnet. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(13): 137501. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240437
[3]	Liu En-Ke. Coupling between magnetism and topology: From fundamental physics to topological magneto-electronics. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(1): 017103. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231711
[4]	Chen Zhen, Lan Ming-Di, Li Guo-Jian, Sun Shang, Liu Shi-Ying, Wang Qiang. Control of N atom content in Fe-Fe₃N film with high saturation magnetization and low conductivity. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(6): 067502. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221577
[5]	Li Guo-Jian, Chang Ling, Liu Shi-Ying, Li Meng-Meng, Cui Wei-Bin, Wang Qiang. Evolutions of different crystalline textures in Sm-Fe film fabricated under high magnetic field and subsequent tuning magnetic properties. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(9): 097501. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180212
[6]	Jin Chen-Dong, Song Cheng-Kun, Wang Jin-Shuai, Wang Jian-Bo, Liu Qing-Fang. Research progress of micromagnetic magnetic skyrmions and applications. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 137504. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180165
[7]	Hou Zhi-Peng, Ding Bei, Li Hang, Xu Gui-Zhou, Wang Wen-Hong, Wu Guang-Heng. Observation of new-type magnetic skymrions with extremerely high temperature stability and fabrication of skyrmion-based race-track memory device. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 137509. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180419
[8]	Li Zi-An, Chai Ke, Zhang Ming, Zhu Chun-Hui, Tian Huan-Fang, Yang Huai-Xin. In situ electron holography of magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 131203. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180426
[9]	Kong Ling-Yao. Research progress on topological properties and micro-magnetic simulation study in dynamics of magnetic skyrmions. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 137506. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180235
[10]	Xu Gui-Zhou, Xu Zhan, Ding Bei, Hou Zhi-Peng, Wang Wen-Hong, Xu Feng. Magnetic domain chirality and tuning of skyrmion topology. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 137508. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180513
[11]	Tang Jun, Liu Zhong-Liang, Ren Peng, Yao Tao, Yan Wen-Sheng, Xu Peng-Shou, Wei Shi-Qiang. Structural characterization of Mn doped SiC magnetic thin films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(7): 4774-4780. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.4774
[12]	Zhang Hong, Liu Xi, Wang Lan-Xi, Cao Jiang-Wei, Liu Xiao-Xi, Wei Fu-Lin. The effect of substrates on magnetic properties and structure of MnZn ferrite films by alternate deposition. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(7): 4970-4975. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.4970
[13]	Zeng Fan-Hao, Zhang Xiao-Zhong. Structure and magnetic properties of Co80Cr20/Ti90Cr10 film prepared by pulsed-laser deposition. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(1): 522-528. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.522
[14]	Zhan Xiao-Yuan, Zhang Yue, Qi Jun-Jie, Gu You-Song, Zheng Xiao-Lan. The magnetic interactions in FePt nanocomposite film. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(3): 1725-1729. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.1725
[15]	Wang Li-Jin, Teng Jiao, Yu Guang-Hua. Study of deposition of super thin Fe film on NiO(001) substrate. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(8): 4282-4286. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.4282
[16]	Li Rui-Peng, Wang Jie, Li Hong-Hong, Guo Yu-Xian, Wang Feng, Hu Zhi-Wei. In-plane anisotropy of iron single-crystal thin film using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(8): 3851-3855. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.3851
[17]	Wu Rui-Xin, Chen Ping. Magnetic Salisbury screen and its high-frequency response. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(9): 2915-2918. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.2915
[18]	Peng Zi-Long, Wang Wei-Ning, Zhu Tao, Han Xiu-Feng, Zhan Wen-Shan. The coherent rotation model in micro-rectangle magnetic film system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(11): 2901-2905. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.2991
[19]	Wang Yi, Han Ru-Qi, Liu Xiao-Yan, Horiguchi Tsuyoshi. Phase transitions of XY model in ultra-thin magnetic film with a triangular latt ice. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(7): 1776-1782. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.1776
[20]	ZHONG ZHI-YONG, LAN ZHONG-WEN, ZHANG HUAI-WU, LIU YING-LI, WANG HAO-CAI. COMPUTATION ON GIANT MAGNETO-IMPEDANCE EFFECTS IN FERROMAGNETIC/NON-FERROMAGNETIC/FERROMAGNETIC LAYERED THIN FILMS. Acta Physica Sinica, 2001, 50(8): 1610-1615. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.1610

Catalog

Vol. 67, Issue 13 - 2018-07-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 21645
PDF Downloads: 2421
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板