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X-ray three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology is a research hotspot in the field of X-ray imaging. However, for some special imaging targets, the imaging mode of the traditional computer tomography (CT) circular trajectory is prone to lack of projection information, and thus affects the quality of CT reconstruction images, which limites the application of CT imaging. Light field imaging technology, in which a microlens array is inserted between the sensor and main lens in a traditional camera, achieves four-dimensional (4D) light field data with sensor during imaging including both the two-dimensional (2D) directional information of the radiance propagation and 2D spatial distribution information of object radiation. Through computer calculation imaging, 3D imaging such as digital refocusing, slice in the depth direction, stereo imaging, and depth estimation is realized. This article focuses on the 3D X-ray imaging based on the theory of light field imaging in visible light. Based on the model of parallel X-ray of synchrotron radiation source, the data of the X-ray light field with many projection views are acquired by rotating the image sample. Then, the light passing through any voxel in the imaging target is acquired by a geometric projection method, and based on integral imaging theory of light field imaging, the gray value of the slice in depth dimension is reconstructed and the depth information of reconstructed target is acquired. The reconstruction results show that this method can be used to reconstruct the internal slices at any depth in any viewing direction of the imaging target. In the optical imaging, the scene beyond the depth of field is blurred, making the scene more prominent and the imaging effect better. However, for the X-ray imaging, the imaging mode that is completely transmissive, and the light passing through the foreground carry the information about the background. In the refocusing process, the object at the refocusing depth is focused, and other background information is defocused. Excessive background information overwhelms the real useful information, and makes the slice, especially the edge of the image, blurred. Consequently more severe background noise is introduced due to the defocusing phenomenon in the optical refocusing process. Referring to the reconstruction method of the X-ray 3D imaging and light field imaging, the S-L filter is applied to the original data in the article. After filtering the original data, the X-ray "light field refocusing" is processed. The reconstruction results shown that the method can effectively eliminate reconstruction artifacts and improve image reconstruction quality in the reconstruction depth slice. And in this paper, the light field data are collected by rotating the sample with low time resolution. For the fast imaging, according to the digital refocusing theory of the light field imaging, the array X-ray source and detector can be used. After being calibrated, the system can realize the 3D reconstruction of the light field of the target field with high time resolution. This research has not only the theoretical significance in algorithm, but also great application value in the rapid detection of more complicated targets such as industry and medical treatment.
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Keywords:
- X-ray imaging /
- light field imaging /
- sliced base on depth /
- three-dimensional reconstruction
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图 1 光场成像原理示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of light field imaging principle.
图 2 X射线光场成像系统模型示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of X-ray light field imaging system.
图 3 投影数据图 (a) 随机选取的64个投影角度; (b)图(a)中所有角度下的投影图中某一排像素图像组成的正弦图
Figure 3. Projection data: (a) 64 random projection angles; (b) sinogram of some pixel image of projection in Fig.(a) under all angles.
图 4 数字重聚焦结果 (a) Shepp-Logan模型; (a)中i线(b)、ii线(c)、iii线(d)和iv线(e)所在处的深度切片
Figure 4. Digital refocus result: (a) Original Shepp-Logan phantom; depth slices where i line (b), ii line (c), iii line (d) and iv line (e) are located in Fig.(a).
图 5 经R-L滤波器滤波后的数字重聚焦结果 (a) Shepp-Logan模型; (a)中i线(b)、ii线(c)、iii线(d)和iv线(e)所在处的深度切片
Figure 5. Digital refocus result after filtering by R-L filter: (a) Original Shepp-Logan phantom; depth slices where i line (b), ii line (c), iii line (d) and iv line (e) are located in Fig.(a).
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[1] Zhu P P, Zhang K, Wang Z L, Liu Y J, Liu X S, Wu Z Y, McDonald S A, Marone F, Stampanoni M 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 13576
Google Scholar
[2] 戚俊成, 任玉琦, 杜国浩, 陈荣昌, 王玉丹, 和友, 肖体乔 2013 光学学报 33 1034001
Qi J C, Ren Y Q, Du G H, Chen R C, Wang Y D, He Y, Xiao T Q 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 1034001
[3] 薛艳玲, 肖体乔, 吴立宏, 陈灿, 郭荣怡, 杜国浩, 谢红兰, 邓彪, 任玉琦, 徐洪杰 2010 物理学报 59 5496
Google Scholar
Xue Y L, Xiao T Q, Wu L H, Chen C, Guo R Y, Du G H, Xie H L, Deng B, Ren Y Q, Xu H J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5496
Google Scholar
[4] Zeng J, Bian F, Wang J, Li X, Wang Y, Tian F, Zhou P 2017 J. Synchrotron Radiat. 24 509
Google Scholar
[5] Hounsfield G N 1973 Brit. J. Radiol 46 1016
Google Scholar
[6] 戚俊成, 陈荣昌, 刘宾, 陈平, 杜国浩, 肖体乔 2017 物理学报 66 054202
Qi J C, Chen R C, Liu B, Chen P, Du G H, Xiao T Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054202
[7] 王飞翔, 邓彪, 王玉丹, 任玉琦, 孙天希, 肖体乔 2016 光学学报 36 0834004
Wang F X, Deng B, Wang Y D, Ren Y Q, Sun T X, Xiao T Q 2016 Acta Opt. Sin. 36 0834004
[8] Mokso R, Oberta P 2015 J. Synchrotron Radiat. 22 1078
Google Scholar
[9] Hoshino M, Uesugi K, Pearson J, Sonobe T, Shirai M, Yagi N 2011 J. Synchrotron Radiat. 18 569
Google Scholar
[10] 邾继贵, 李艳军, 叶声华, 唐大林, 张国全 2005 光学学报 25 943
Google Scholar
Zhu J G, Li Y J, Ye S H, Tang D L, Zhang G Q 2005 Acta Opt. Sin. 25 943
Google Scholar
[11] Adelson E H, Wang J Y A 1992 IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 14 99
Google Scholar
[12] Ng R, Levoy M, Bredif M, Duval G, Horowitz M, Hanrahan P 2005 Stanford Tech. Report CTSR 2005-02
[13] Berry M V, Klein S 1996 J. Mod. Opt. 43 2139
Google Scholar
[14] You S, Lu Y, Zhang W, Yang B, Peng R, Zhuang S 2015 Opt. Commun. 355 419
Google Scholar
[15] Park J H, Jung S, Choi H, Kim Y, Lee B 2004 Appl. Opt. 43 4882
Google Scholar
[16] Wanner S, Goldluecke B 2014 IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach Intell. 36 606
Google Scholar
[17] Ma Z, Cen Z, Li X 2017 Opt. Lett. 56 6603
[18] Lin X, Wu J M, Zheng G A, Dai Q H 2015 Biomed. Opt. Express 6 3179
Google Scholar
[19] Carles G, Downing J, Harvey A R 2014 Appl. Opt. 39 1889
[20] Ng R 2005 ACM Trans. Graph. 24 735
Google Scholar
[21] 杨富强, 张定华, 黄魁东, 王鹍, 徐哲 2014 物理学报 63 058701
Yang F Q, Zhang D H, Huang K D, Wang K, Xu Z 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 058701
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