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Suspensions include solvent and uniformly dispersed particles. Solidification of suspensions is to freeze the solvent while numerous particles disturb the pattern formation during the growth of the solid/liquid interface. It is a new interdisciplinary subject, involving the fields of freeze-casting porous materials, frost heaving, sea ice and biological tissue engineering and so on. Especially in recent years, many advanced materials with excellent properties were developed based on the processing of suspension solidification. Experimental phenomenon in suspension solidification is different from that in alloy solidification, such as the close-packed particle layer and self assembly, the ice lamellae structure and the periodic ice lenses and so on. Up to now, the formation mechanisms of these microstructures are still unclear. In this paper, we first review the historical development of suspension solidification in theory and in experiment. Then we demonstrate some recent progress of microstructural evolution and dynamical particle packing of suspension solidification. Finally, the outlooks of the future study on solidification of suspensions are also presented.
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Keywords:
- solidification /
- suspensions /
- microstructures /
- research progress
[1] Deville S 2013 J. Mater. Res. 28 2202
[2] Wettlaufer J S, Worster M G 2006 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 38 427
[3] Peppin S S L, Style R W 2013 Vadose Zone J. 12 1
[4] Zhang L, Ma W, Yang C, Yuan C 2014 Eng. Geol. 181 233
[5] Liu J, Wickramaratne N P, Qiao S Z, Jaroniec M 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 763
[6] Xia Z, Yu X, Jiang X, Brody H D, Rowe D W, Wei M 2013 Acta Biomater. 9 7308
[7] Wegst U G K, Bai H, Saiz E, Tomsia A P, Ritchie R O 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 23
[8] Deville S 2008 Adv. Eng. Matter 10 155
[9] Youssef Y M, Dashwood R J, Lee P D 2005 Composites Part A 36 747
[10] Stefanescu D M, Juretzko F R, Catalina A, Dhindaw B, Sen S, Curreri P A 1998 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 29 1697
[11] You J X, Wang Z J, Li J J, Wang J C 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 078107
[12] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2018 Colloid. Surface A 553 681
[13] Mukai S R, Nishihara H, Tamon H 2004 Chem. Commun. 7 874
[14] Bai H, Polini A, Delattre B, Tomsia A P 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 4551
[15] Rempel A W 2010 J. Glaciol. 56 1122
[16] Hunger P M, Donius A E, Wegst U G K 2013 Acta Biomater. 9 6338
[17] Roberts A D, Li X, Zhang H 2014 Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 4341
[18] Bai H, Wang D, Delattre B, Gao W, de Coninck J, Li S, Tomsia A P 2015 Acta Biomater. 20 113
[19] Munch E, Launey M E, Alsem D H, Saiz E, Tomsia A P, Ritchie R O 2008 Science 322 1516
[20] Garvin J, Yang Y, Udaykumar H 2007 Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 50 2969
[21] Rempel A W 2011 Quaternary Res. 75 316
[22] Zhu D M, Vilches O E, Dash J G, Sing B, Wettlaufer J S 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 4908
[23] Deville S, Maire E, Bernard-Granger G, Lasalle A, Bogner A, Gauthier C, Leloup J, Guizard C 2009 Nature Mater. 8 966
[24] Zuo K H, Zeng Y P, Jiang D 2010 Mater. Sci. Eng.: C 30 283
[25] Wegst U G K, Ashby M F 2004 Philos. Mag. 84 2167
[26] Peppin S, Elliott J, Worster M G 2006 J. Fluid Mech. 554 147
[27] Anderson A M, Worster M G 2014 J. Fluid Mech. 758 786
[28] Dash J G, Rempel A W, Wettlaufer J S 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 695
[29] Wettlaufer J S, Worster M G, Wilen L A 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 6137
[30] Corte A E 1962 J. Geophys. Res. 67 1085
[31] Uhlmann D R, Chalmers B, Jackson K 1964 J. Appl. Phys. 35 2986
[32] Cissé J, Bolling G F 1971 J. Cryst. Growth 10 67
[33] Köber C, Rau G, Cosman M D, Cravalho E G 1985 J. Cryst. Growth 72 649
[34] Shangguan D, Ahuja S, Stefanescu D M 1992 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 23 669
[35] Rempel A, Worster M G 1999 J. Cryst. Growth 205 427
[36] Rempel A W, Wettlaufer J S, Worster M G 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 088501
[37] Rempel A W, Worster M G 2001 J. Cryst. Growth 223 420
[38] Dedovets D, Monteux C, Deville S 2018 Science 360 303
[39] Peppin S S, Worster M G, Wettlaufer J 2007 Proc. R. Soc. A 463 723
[40] You J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Wang J, Lin X, Huang W 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 28434
[41] Waschkies T, Oberacker R, Hoffmann M J 2011 Acta Mater. 59 5135
[42] Style R W, Peppin S S L, Cocks A C F, Wettlaufer J S 2011 Phys. Rev. E 84 041402
[43] Kozlowski T 2009 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 59 25
[44] Carnahan N F, Starling K E 1969 J. Chem. Phys. 51 635
[45] Peppin S, Wettlaufer J, Worster M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 238301
[46] Kozlowski T 2004 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 38 93
[47] You J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Wang J, Lin X, Huang W 2015 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86 084901
[48] Bodnar R 1993 Geochim. Cosmochimica Acta 57 683
[49] Mullins W W, Sekerka R F 1964 J. Appl. Phys. 35 444
[50] Wang L, You J, Wang Z, Wang J, Lin X 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 23358
[51] Taber S 1929 J. Geol. 37 428
[52] Taber S 1930 J. Geol. 38 303
[53] Rempel A W 2012 Vadose Zone J. 11 1
[54] Rempel A W, Wettlaufer J, Worster M 2004 J. Fluid Mech. 498 227
[55] Nixon J F 1991 Can. Geotech. J. 28 843
[56] Anderson A M, Worster M G 2012 Langmuir 28 16512
[57] You J, Wang Z, Worster M G 2018 Acta Mater. 157 288
[58] Schollick J M H, Style R W, Curran A, Wettlaufer J S, Dufresne E R, Warren P B, Velikov K P, Dullens R P A, Aarts D G A L 2016 J. Phys. Chem. B 120 3941
[59] Saint-Michel B, Georgelin M, Deville S, Pocheau A 2017 Langmuir 33 5617
[60] Jackson K A, Chalmers B 1958 J. Appl. Phys. 29 1178
[61] Fowler A C 1989 SIAM J. Appl. Math. 49 991
[62] O’Neill K, Miller R D 1985 Water Resour. Res. 21 281
[63] Watanabe K, Mizoguchi M 2000 J. Cryst. Growth 213 135
[64] Watanabe K, Muto Y, Mizoguchi M 2001 Cryst. Growth Des. 1 207
[65] Watanabe K, Mizoguchi M 2002 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 34 103
[66] Watanabe K 2002 J. Cryst. Growth 237 2194
[67] Shanti N O, Araki K, Halloran J W 2006 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89 2444
[68] Sylvain D, Sylvain M, Jordi S 2015 Sci. Technol. Adv. Matter 16 043501
[69] Barr S A, Luijten E 2010 Acta Mater. 58 709
[70] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2017 Colloid. Surface A 531 93
[71] Kumaraswamy G, Biswas B, Choudhury C K 2016 Faraday Discuss. 186 61
[72] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2018 Colloid. Surface A 543 126
[73] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 128202
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[1] Deville S 2013 J. Mater. Res. 28 2202
[2] Wettlaufer J S, Worster M G 2006 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 38 427
[3] Peppin S S L, Style R W 2013 Vadose Zone J. 12 1
[4] Zhang L, Ma W, Yang C, Yuan C 2014 Eng. Geol. 181 233
[5] Liu J, Wickramaratne N P, Qiao S Z, Jaroniec M 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 763
[6] Xia Z, Yu X, Jiang X, Brody H D, Rowe D W, Wei M 2013 Acta Biomater. 9 7308
[7] Wegst U G K, Bai H, Saiz E, Tomsia A P, Ritchie R O 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 23
[8] Deville S 2008 Adv. Eng. Matter 10 155
[9] Youssef Y M, Dashwood R J, Lee P D 2005 Composites Part A 36 747
[10] Stefanescu D M, Juretzko F R, Catalina A, Dhindaw B, Sen S, Curreri P A 1998 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 29 1697
[11] You J X, Wang Z J, Li J J, Wang J C 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 078107
[12] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2018 Colloid. Surface A 553 681
[13] Mukai S R, Nishihara H, Tamon H 2004 Chem. Commun. 7 874
[14] Bai H, Polini A, Delattre B, Tomsia A P 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 4551
[15] Rempel A W 2010 J. Glaciol. 56 1122
[16] Hunger P M, Donius A E, Wegst U G K 2013 Acta Biomater. 9 6338
[17] Roberts A D, Li X, Zhang H 2014 Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 4341
[18] Bai H, Wang D, Delattre B, Gao W, de Coninck J, Li S, Tomsia A P 2015 Acta Biomater. 20 113
[19] Munch E, Launey M E, Alsem D H, Saiz E, Tomsia A P, Ritchie R O 2008 Science 322 1516
[20] Garvin J, Yang Y, Udaykumar H 2007 Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 50 2969
[21] Rempel A W 2011 Quaternary Res. 75 316
[22] Zhu D M, Vilches O E, Dash J G, Sing B, Wettlaufer J S 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 4908
[23] Deville S, Maire E, Bernard-Granger G, Lasalle A, Bogner A, Gauthier C, Leloup J, Guizard C 2009 Nature Mater. 8 966
[24] Zuo K H, Zeng Y P, Jiang D 2010 Mater. Sci. Eng.: C 30 283
[25] Wegst U G K, Ashby M F 2004 Philos. Mag. 84 2167
[26] Peppin S, Elliott J, Worster M G 2006 J. Fluid Mech. 554 147
[27] Anderson A M, Worster M G 2014 J. Fluid Mech. 758 786
[28] Dash J G, Rempel A W, Wettlaufer J S 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 695
[29] Wettlaufer J S, Worster M G, Wilen L A 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 6137
[30] Corte A E 1962 J. Geophys. Res. 67 1085
[31] Uhlmann D R, Chalmers B, Jackson K 1964 J. Appl. Phys. 35 2986
[32] Cissé J, Bolling G F 1971 J. Cryst. Growth 10 67
[33] Köber C, Rau G, Cosman M D, Cravalho E G 1985 J. Cryst. Growth 72 649
[34] Shangguan D, Ahuja S, Stefanescu D M 1992 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 23 669
[35] Rempel A, Worster M G 1999 J. Cryst. Growth 205 427
[36] Rempel A W, Wettlaufer J S, Worster M G 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 088501
[37] Rempel A W, Worster M G 2001 J. Cryst. Growth 223 420
[38] Dedovets D, Monteux C, Deville S 2018 Science 360 303
[39] Peppin S S, Worster M G, Wettlaufer J 2007 Proc. R. Soc. A 463 723
[40] You J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Wang J, Lin X, Huang W 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 28434
[41] Waschkies T, Oberacker R, Hoffmann M J 2011 Acta Mater. 59 5135
[42] Style R W, Peppin S S L, Cocks A C F, Wettlaufer J S 2011 Phys. Rev. E 84 041402
[43] Kozlowski T 2009 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 59 25
[44] Carnahan N F, Starling K E 1969 J. Chem. Phys. 51 635
[45] Peppin S, Wettlaufer J, Worster M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 238301
[46] Kozlowski T 2004 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 38 93
[47] You J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Wang J, Lin X, Huang W 2015 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86 084901
[48] Bodnar R 1993 Geochim. Cosmochimica Acta 57 683
[49] Mullins W W, Sekerka R F 1964 J. Appl. Phys. 35 444
[50] Wang L, You J, Wang Z, Wang J, Lin X 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 23358
[51] Taber S 1929 J. Geol. 37 428
[52] Taber S 1930 J. Geol. 38 303
[53] Rempel A W 2012 Vadose Zone J. 11 1
[54] Rempel A W, Wettlaufer J, Worster M 2004 J. Fluid Mech. 498 227
[55] Nixon J F 1991 Can. Geotech. J. 28 843
[56] Anderson A M, Worster M G 2012 Langmuir 28 16512
[57] You J, Wang Z, Worster M G 2018 Acta Mater. 157 288
[58] Schollick J M H, Style R W, Curran A, Wettlaufer J S, Dufresne E R, Warren P B, Velikov K P, Dullens R P A, Aarts D G A L 2016 J. Phys. Chem. B 120 3941
[59] Saint-Michel B, Georgelin M, Deville S, Pocheau A 2017 Langmuir 33 5617
[60] Jackson K A, Chalmers B 1958 J. Appl. Phys. 29 1178
[61] Fowler A C 1989 SIAM J. Appl. Math. 49 991
[62] O’Neill K, Miller R D 1985 Water Resour. Res. 21 281
[63] Watanabe K, Mizoguchi M 2000 J. Cryst. Growth 213 135
[64] Watanabe K, Muto Y, Mizoguchi M 2001 Cryst. Growth Des. 1 207
[65] Watanabe K, Mizoguchi M 2002 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 34 103
[66] Watanabe K 2002 J. Cryst. Growth 237 2194
[67] Shanti N O, Araki K, Halloran J W 2006 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89 2444
[68] Sylvain D, Sylvain M, Jordi S 2015 Sci. Technol. Adv. Matter 16 043501
[69] Barr S A, Luijten E 2010 Acta Mater. 58 709
[70] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2017 Colloid. Surface A 531 93
[71] Kumaraswamy G, Biswas B, Choudhury C K 2016 Faraday Discuss. 186 61
[72] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2018 Colloid. Surface A 543 126
[73] You J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Li J, Lin X 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 128202
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