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Mixture gas arcs are used extensively in welding manufacturing. A two-dimensional steady mathematical model for Ar-O2 mixture gas arc is developed to understand further the heat and mass transfer of the mixture gas arc. The model is based on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, and the thermodynamic parameters and transport coefficients are dependent on both the temperature and the oxygen content. In the present model, the diffusion between the argon species and oxygen species is depicted by the approach of the combined diffusion coefficient, i. e. the mixture gas arc is simplified into two different species, and the diffusion between them is formulated by combined ordinary diffusion coefficient and combined temperature diffusion coefficient; the oxygen distribution and its influence on the temperature and flow field of the arc are investigated for two different current conditions. It is shown that the oxygen species presents significant non-uniform distribution for argon gas mixed with 5% oxygen; the oxygen content is higher than that in mixed shielding gas in the regions close to the electrodes and arc axis, while its content is lower than that of the mixed shielding gas in other regions. For high current, oxygen concentrates more to the flat anode, while it concentrates more to tungsten cathode for low current. For both cases, oxygen content is inhomogeneous in the region 0.1 mm above the anode. The 5% oxygen mixed in argon constricts the arc plasma to some extent and thus raises the arc temperature as well as the plasma flow velocity.
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Keywords:
- mixture gas /
- arc /
- numerical simulation
[1] Murphy A B, Tanaka M, Tashiro S, Sato T, Lowke J J 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 115205
Google Scholar
[2] Pires I, Quintino L, Miranda R M 2007 Mater. Design 28 1623
Google Scholar
[3] Lones L A, Eagar T W, Lang J H 1998 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 107
Google Scholar
[4] Lu S P, Fujii H, Nogi K, Sato T 2007 Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi. 12 689
Google Scholar
[5] Palmer T A, DebRoy T 1998 Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi. 3 190
Google Scholar
[6] Fujii H, Sato T, Lu S P, Nogi K 2008 Mater. Sci. Eng. 495 29
[7] Church J G, Imaizumi H 1990 IIW/IIS Doc. XII-1199-90
[8] 张建晓, 樊丁, 黄勇 2017 焊接学报 38 47
Google Scholar
Zhang J X, Fan, D, Huang Y 2017 Trans. China Weld. Inst. 38 47
Google Scholar
[9] Wang X, Fan D, Huang J, Huang Y 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 275202
Google Scholar
[10] Hsu K C, Mtemadi K, Pfender E 1983 J. Appl. Phys. 54 1293
[11] Fan D, Ushio M, Matsuda F 1986 Trans. JWRI 15 1
[12] Lowke J J, Morrow R, Haidar J 1997 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 30 2033
Google Scholar
[13] Kim W H, Fan H G, Na S J 1997 Metall. Mater. Trans. B 28B 679
[14] Choo R T C, Szekely J, Westhoff R C 1992 Metall. Mater. Trans. B 23B 57
[15] Murphy A B, Tanaka M, Yamamoto K, Tashiro S , Sato T, Lowke J J 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 194006
Google Scholar
[16] Tanaka M, Terasaki H, Ushio M, Lowke J J 2003 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 23 585
Google Scholar
[17] 袁行球, 李辉, 赵太泽, 王飞, 俞国扬, 郭文康, 须平 2004 物理学报 53 3806
Google Scholar
Yuan X Q, Li H, Zhao T Z, Wang F, Yu G Y, Guo W K, Xu P 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 3806
Google Scholar
[18] 石玗, 郭朝博, 黄健康, 樊丁 2011 物理学报 60 048102
Google Scholar
Shi Y, Guo C B, Huang J K, Fan D 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 048102
Google Scholar
[19] 王新鑫, 樊丁, 黄健康, 黄勇 2013 物理学报 62 228101
Google Scholar
Wang X X, Fan D, Huang J K, Huang Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 228101
Google Scholar
[20] Bini R, Monno M, Boulos M I 2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 3253
Google Scholar
[21] Hsu K C, Pfender E 1983 J. Appl. Phys. 54 4359
Google Scholar
[22] Konishi K, Shigeta M, Tanaka M, Murata A, Murata T, Murphy A B 2017 Weld. World 61 197
Google Scholar
[23] 黄勇, 刘林, 王新鑫, 陆肃中 2017 焊接学报 39 6
Google Scholar
Huang Y, Liu L, Wang X X, Lu S Z 2017 Trans. China Weld. Inst. 39 6
Google Scholar
[24] Baeva M, Kozakov R, Gorchakov S, Uhrlandt D 2012 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 21 055027
Google Scholar
[25] Baeva M 2017 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 37 513
Google Scholar
[26] 钱海洋, 吴彬 2011 核聚变与等离子体物理 31 186
Qian H Y, Wu B 2011 Nucl. Fusion Plasma Phys. 31 186
[27] Li H P, Benilov M S 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 2010
Google Scholar
[28] Wei F Z, Wang H X, Murphy A B, Sun W P, Liu Y 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 505205
Google Scholar
[29] Zhang X N, Li H P, Murphy A B, Xia W D 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 033508
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[31] Zhao G Y, Dassanayake M, Etemadi K 1990 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 10 87
Google Scholar
[32] Tanaka M, Yamamoto K, Tashiro S, Nakata K, Yamamoto E, Yamazaki K, Suzuki K, Murphy A B, Lowke J J 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 434009
Google Scholar
[33] Schnick M, Füssel U, Hertel M, Spille-Kohoff A, Murphy A B 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 022001
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[35] 菅晓霞, 武传松 2016 金属学报 52 1467
Jian X X, Wu C S 2016 Acta Metall. Sin. 52 1467
[36] Savas A, Ceyhun V 2012 Comp. Mater. Sci. 51 53
[37] Wang L L, Lu F G, Wang H P, Murphy A B, Tang X H 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 465202
Google Scholar
[38] Rao Z H, Liao S M, Tsai H L 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 044902
Google Scholar
[39] Murphy A B 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 1797
Google Scholar
[40] Murphy A B 1997 Phys. Rev. E 55 7473
[41] Murphy A B, Hiraoka K 2000 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 2183
Google Scholar
[42] Bitharas I, McPherson N A, McGhie W, Roy D, Moore A J 2018 J. Mater. Process. Tech. 255 451
Google Scholar
[43] 黄勇, 陆肃中, 王新鑫, 李慧 2016 焊接学报 37 36
Huang Y, Lu S Z, Wang X X, Li H 2016 China Weld. Inst. 37 36
[44] Chen J, Xu H, Wei X, Lv H, Song Z, Chen Z 2017 Vacuum 145 77
Google Scholar
[45] 杨郁, 唐成双, 赵一帆, 虞一青, 辛煜 2017 物理学报 66 185202
Google Scholar
Yang Y, Tang C S, Zhao Y F, Yu Y Q, Xin Y 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 185202
Google Scholar
[46] Murphy A B 1993 Phys. Rev. E 48 3594
Google Scholar
[47] Murphy A B 1993 J. Chem. Phys. 99 1340
Google Scholar
[48] 查普曼, 考林 著 (刘大有, 王伯懿 译) 1985 非均匀气体的数学理论 (第三版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第178−191, 343−344页
Chapman S, Cowling T G (translated by Liu D Y, Wang B Y 1970 The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases (3rd ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) pp178−191, 343−344 (in Chinese)
[49] Murphy A B 1996 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29 1922
Google Scholar
[50] Murphy A B 1998 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 3383
Google Scholar
[51] Murphy A B, Arundell C J 1994 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 14 451
Google Scholar
[52] Cram L E 1985 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 18 40
[53] Choquet I, Shirvan J A, Nilsson H 2012 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45 205203
Google Scholar
[54] Tanaka M, Terasaki H, Ushio M, Lowke J J 2002 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33 2043
Google Scholar
[55] Wang X, Huang J, Huang Y, Fan D, Guo Y 2017 Appl. Therm. Eng. 113 27
Google Scholar
[56] 陆善平, 董文超, 李殿中, 李依依 2009 物理学报 58 94
Lu S, Dong W, Li D, Li Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 94
[57] 黄勇, 王艳磊, 张治国 2014 光谱学与光谱分析 34 1168
Google Scholar
Huang Y, Wang Y L, Zhang Z G 2014 Spectrsc. Spect. Anal. 34 1168
Google Scholar
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图 1 扩散系数 (a) 组合普通扩散系数
$\overline {D_{{\rm{Ar,}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}^x} $ ; (b) 组合温度扩散系数$\overline {D_{{\rm{Ar,}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}^T} $ Figure 1. Diffusion coefficients: (a) Combined ordinary diffusion coefficient
$\overline {D_{{\rm{Ar,}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}^x} $ ; (b) combined temperature diffusion coefficient$\overline {D_{{\rm{Ar,}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}^T} $ 表 1 边界条件
Table 1. Boundary conditions.
边界 v/m·s–1 T/K Φ/V A/Wb·m–1 YA AB — 1000 jz $\partial$A/$\partial$n=0 — BC vgiv 500 $\partial$Φ/$\partial$n=0 $\partial$A/$\partial$n=0 0.05 CD $\partial$v/$\partial$n=0 500 $\partial$Φ/$\partial$n=0 A=0 0.05 DE — 2000 0 $\partial$A/$\partial$n=0 $\partial$YA/$\partial$n=0 EA $\partial$v/$\partial$n=0 $\partial$T/$\partial$n=0 $\partial$Φ/$\partial$n=0 $\partial$A/$\partial$n=0 $\partial$YA/$\partial$n=0 BF Non-slip (12)式 Coupled Coupled YAgiv -
[1] Murphy A B, Tanaka M, Tashiro S, Sato T, Lowke J J 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 115205
Google Scholar
[2] Pires I, Quintino L, Miranda R M 2007 Mater. Design 28 1623
Google Scholar
[3] Lones L A, Eagar T W, Lang J H 1998 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 107
Google Scholar
[4] Lu S P, Fujii H, Nogi K, Sato T 2007 Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi. 12 689
Google Scholar
[5] Palmer T A, DebRoy T 1998 Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi. 3 190
Google Scholar
[6] Fujii H, Sato T, Lu S P, Nogi K 2008 Mater. Sci. Eng. 495 29
[7] Church J G, Imaizumi H 1990 IIW/IIS Doc. XII-1199-90
[8] 张建晓, 樊丁, 黄勇 2017 焊接学报 38 47
Google Scholar
Zhang J X, Fan, D, Huang Y 2017 Trans. China Weld. Inst. 38 47
Google Scholar
[9] Wang X, Fan D, Huang J, Huang Y 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 275202
Google Scholar
[10] Hsu K C, Mtemadi K, Pfender E 1983 J. Appl. Phys. 54 1293
[11] Fan D, Ushio M, Matsuda F 1986 Trans. JWRI 15 1
[12] Lowke J J, Morrow R, Haidar J 1997 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 30 2033
Google Scholar
[13] Kim W H, Fan H G, Na S J 1997 Metall. Mater. Trans. B 28B 679
[14] Choo R T C, Szekely J, Westhoff R C 1992 Metall. Mater. Trans. B 23B 57
[15] Murphy A B, Tanaka M, Yamamoto K, Tashiro S , Sato T, Lowke J J 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 194006
Google Scholar
[16] Tanaka M, Terasaki H, Ushio M, Lowke J J 2003 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 23 585
Google Scholar
[17] 袁行球, 李辉, 赵太泽, 王飞, 俞国扬, 郭文康, 须平 2004 物理学报 53 3806
Google Scholar
Yuan X Q, Li H, Zhao T Z, Wang F, Yu G Y, Guo W K, Xu P 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 3806
Google Scholar
[18] 石玗, 郭朝博, 黄健康, 樊丁 2011 物理学报 60 048102
Google Scholar
Shi Y, Guo C B, Huang J K, Fan D 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 048102
Google Scholar
[19] 王新鑫, 樊丁, 黄健康, 黄勇 2013 物理学报 62 228101
Google Scholar
Wang X X, Fan D, Huang J K, Huang Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 228101
Google Scholar
[20] Bini R, Monno M, Boulos M I 2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 3253
Google Scholar
[21] Hsu K C, Pfender E 1983 J. Appl. Phys. 54 4359
Google Scholar
[22] Konishi K, Shigeta M, Tanaka M, Murata A, Murata T, Murphy A B 2017 Weld. World 61 197
Google Scholar
[23] 黄勇, 刘林, 王新鑫, 陆肃中 2017 焊接学报 39 6
Google Scholar
Huang Y, Liu L, Wang X X, Lu S Z 2017 Trans. China Weld. Inst. 39 6
Google Scholar
[24] Baeva M, Kozakov R, Gorchakov S, Uhrlandt D 2012 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 21 055027
Google Scholar
[25] Baeva M 2017 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 37 513
Google Scholar
[26] 钱海洋, 吴彬 2011 核聚变与等离子体物理 31 186
Qian H Y, Wu B 2011 Nucl. Fusion Plasma Phys. 31 186
[27] Li H P, Benilov M S 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 2010
Google Scholar
[28] Wei F Z, Wang H X, Murphy A B, Sun W P, Liu Y 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 505205
Google Scholar
[29] Zhang X N, Li H P, Murphy A B, Xia W D 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 033508
Google Scholar
[30] Li H P, Zhang X N, Xia W D 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 033509
Google Scholar
[31] Zhao G Y, Dassanayake M, Etemadi K 1990 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 10 87
Google Scholar
[32] Tanaka M, Yamamoto K, Tashiro S, Nakata K, Yamamoto E, Yamazaki K, Suzuki K, Murphy A B, Lowke J J 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 434009
Google Scholar
[33] Schnick M, Füssel U, Hertel M, Spille-Kohoff A, Murphy A B 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 022001
Google Scholar
[34] Wang X, Luo Y, Wu G, Chi L, Fan D 2018 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 38 1095
Google Scholar
[35] 菅晓霞, 武传松 2016 金属学报 52 1467
Jian X X, Wu C S 2016 Acta Metall. Sin. 52 1467
[36] Savas A, Ceyhun V 2012 Comp. Mater. Sci. 51 53
[37] Wang L L, Lu F G, Wang H P, Murphy A B, Tang X H 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 465202
Google Scholar
[38] Rao Z H, Liao S M, Tsai H L 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 044902
Google Scholar
[39] Murphy A B 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 1797
Google Scholar
[40] Murphy A B 1997 Phys. Rev. E 55 7473
[41] Murphy A B, Hiraoka K 2000 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 2183
Google Scholar
[42] Bitharas I, McPherson N A, McGhie W, Roy D, Moore A J 2018 J. Mater. Process. Tech. 255 451
Google Scholar
[43] 黄勇, 陆肃中, 王新鑫, 李慧 2016 焊接学报 37 36
Huang Y, Lu S Z, Wang X X, Li H 2016 China Weld. Inst. 37 36
[44] Chen J, Xu H, Wei X, Lv H, Song Z, Chen Z 2017 Vacuum 145 77
Google Scholar
[45] 杨郁, 唐成双, 赵一帆, 虞一青, 辛煜 2017 物理学报 66 185202
Google Scholar
Yang Y, Tang C S, Zhao Y F, Yu Y Q, Xin Y 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 185202
Google Scholar
[46] Murphy A B 1993 Phys. Rev. E 48 3594
Google Scholar
[47] Murphy A B 1993 J. Chem. Phys. 99 1340
Google Scholar
[48] 查普曼, 考林 著 (刘大有, 王伯懿 译) 1985 非均匀气体的数学理论 (第三版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第178−191, 343−344页
Chapman S, Cowling T G (translated by Liu D Y, Wang B Y 1970 The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases (3rd ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) pp178−191, 343−344 (in Chinese)
[49] Murphy A B 1996 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29 1922
Google Scholar
[50] Murphy A B 1998 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 3383
Google Scholar
[51] Murphy A B, Arundell C J 1994 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 14 451
Google Scholar
[52] Cram L E 1985 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 18 40
[53] Choquet I, Shirvan J A, Nilsson H 2012 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45 205203
Google Scholar
[54] Tanaka M, Terasaki H, Ushio M, Lowke J J 2002 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33 2043
Google Scholar
[55] Wang X, Huang J, Huang Y, Fan D, Guo Y 2017 Appl. Therm. Eng. 113 27
Google Scholar
[56] 陆善平, 董文超, 李殿中, 李依依 2009 物理学报 58 94
Lu S, Dong W, Li D, Li Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 94
[57] 黄勇, 王艳磊, 张治国 2014 光谱学与光谱分析 34 1168
Google Scholar
Huang Y, Wang Y L, Zhang Z G 2014 Spectrsc. Spect. Anal. 34 1168
Google Scholar
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