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Virtual cathode oscillator, as a kind of space-charge high-power microwave source, has an output microwave mode that is generally an admixture of TM01 mode and TE11 mode. The analysis of the resonator in the anode mesh shows that when the transmission of the anode mesh is high, it is easy to produce strong reflected electron beam, forming a conical quasi-resonator structure, thus enhances the output of TE11 mode. When the transmission of the anode mesh is low, the beam intensity of the reflected electron beam can be weakened due to the absorption of the metal mesh, and the TE11 mode can be suppressed, so the output mode is mainly TM01 mode. In this paper, a feedback coaxial virtual cathode oscillator is investigated with the use of numerical simulation and experimental data analysis. The feedback coaxial virtual cathode oscillator is formed by closing the end of the anode mesh through a metal plate and changing the path of the reflected electron beam from the metal mesh to the gap between cathode and anode. The particle in cell method is used in the numerical simulation of the virtual cathode oscillator, and the impedance of the 400 kV diode is about 13 Ω under a voltage of 400 kV. After the optimal design by numerical simulation, the average output microwave power from the virtual cathode oscillator is 1.5 GW, and the frequency of the microwave is about 4.2 GHz, which is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation results. In this new kind of virtual cathode oscillator, the distribution of reflected electrons is modified by the feedback sheet on the anode mesh, the output high power microwave pattern is demonstrated to be dominated by TM01 mode. The microwave power obtained in the experiment is measured by the array antenna power density integration method. For axisymmetric mode, a receiving antenna array is formed by placing multiple receiving antennas on one side of the axis of the antenna pattern. The power densities of different angles on the horizontal circumference with the phase center of the transmitting antenna are measured, the average power density of two adjacent points is multiplied by the area of the spherical belt between these two points, and then the resulting power is added by the power between the adjacent two points, thereby obtaining the total radiation power. With this method, the microwave power is 850 MW with frequency 4.1 GHz and pulse width 30 ns under slaving voltage 400 kV.
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Shao H, Liu G Z, Yang Z F 2006 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 18 230
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Google Scholar
Shao H, Liu G Z 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 2387
Google Scholar
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Zhang Y J, Meng F B, Fan Z K 2007 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 19 682
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图 1 同轴虚阴极结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of coaxial virtual cathode.
图 2 实验所获得的两种典型方向图(Ⅰ, Ⅱ)及TM01模式和TE11模式模比分别为3∶2和1∶2的方向图
Figure 2. Two typical patterns obtained by experiments (I, II) and TM01 and TE11 patterns with modulus ratios of 3∶2 and 1∶2
图 3 同轴虚阴极内阳极网结构示意图
Figure 3. Structure diagram of anode mesh in coaxial virtual cathode.
图 4 反馈型同轴虚阴极数值计算结构
Figure 4. The numerical calculation structure of feedback coaxial virtual cathode.
图 5 电子束pr-r空间动量分布
Figure 5. pr-r spatial momentum distribution of electron beam.
图 6 电子束pz-z空间动量分布
Figure 6. pz-z spatial momentum distribution of electron beam.
图 7 反馈型同轴虚阴极振荡器输出微波平均功率
Figure 7. Average power of feedback coaxial virtual cathode oscillator.
图 8 反馈型同轴虚阴极振荡器输出微波频率
Figure 8. Microwave frequency of feedback coaxial virtual cathode oscillator.
图 9 反馈型同轴虚阴极振荡器实验结构
Figure 9. Experimental structure of feedback coaxial virtual cathode oscillator.
图 10 反馈型同轴虚阴极振荡器实验波形
Figure 10. Experimental waveform of feedback coaxial virtual cathode oscillator.
图 11 高功率微波辐射总功率测量原理图
Figure 11. Measurement principle of high power microwave total power.
图 12 功率密度积分法测量辐射总功率示意图
Figure 12. Diagram of total power measured by power density integral method.
图 13 天线辐射方向图理论值与实测值比较
Figure 13. Comparison of theoretical and measured radiation patterns
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[1] Benford J, Swgle J 1992 High Power Microwaves (New York: Artech House Inc.) pp1–3
[2] Jiang W H, Woolverton K, Dickens J 1999 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 27 1538
Google Scholar
[3] Chen X P, Dickens J, Choi E H 2003 Proc of the 2003 IEEE Inter Pulse Power Conf Dallas, TX, USA, June 15–18, 2003 p1165
[4] 罗雄, 廖成, 孟凡宝 2006 物理学报 55 5774
Google Scholar
Luo X, Liao C, Meng F B 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 5774
Google Scholar
[5] Evgney G, Pavel M 2015 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43 1014
Google Scholar
[6] Yang Z F, Liu G Z, Shao H, Sun J, Zhang Y C, Ye H, Yang M 2013 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 41 3604
Google Scholar
[7] Fan Y W, Li Z Q, Sh T, Liu J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 075208
Google Scholar
[8] Champeaux S, Gouard P, Cousin R, Larour J 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 31
Google Scholar
[9] Kitsanov S A, Klimov A I, Korovin S D, Kurkan I K, Pegel I V, Polevin S D 2002 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 30 274
Google Scholar
[10] Song K B, Lim J E, Seo Y, Choi E H 2009 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 37 304
Google Scholar
[11] Jiang W H, Magne K 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 3781
Google Scholar
[12] Jennie A, Mats J, Denny A 2013 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 41 2758
Google Scholar
[13] 叶卫民, 李传胪 1998 强激光与粒子束 10 268
Ye W M, Li C L 1998 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 10 268
[14] Shao H, Liu G Z, Yang Z F 2005 J. Plasma Phys. 71 563
Google Scholar
[15] 劭浩, 刘国治, 杨占峰 2006 强激光与粒子束 18 230
Shao H, Liu G Z, Yang Z F 2006 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 18 230
[16] 邵浩, 刘国治 2001 物理学报 50 2387
Google Scholar
Shao H, Liu G Z 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 2387
Google Scholar
[17] 刘静, 舒挺, 李志强 2011 物理学报 60 105202
Google Scholar
Liu J, Shu T, Li Z Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 105202
Google Scholar
[18] 张永鹏, 刘国治, 邵浩, 杨占峰, 宋志敏, 林郁正 2009 物理学报 58 6973
Google Scholar
Zhang Y P, Liu G Z, Shao H, Yang Z F, Song Z M, Lin Y Z 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6973
Google Scholar
[19] 张运俭, 孟凡宝, 范植开 2007 强激光与粒子束 19 682
Zhang Y J, Meng F B, Fan Z K 2007 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 19 682
[20] Woo W 1987 Phys. Fluids 30 239
Google Scholar
[21] Xing Q Z, Wang D, Huang F, Deng J K 2006 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 34 584
Google Scholar
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