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In recent years, picosecond laser in ultraviolet (UV) has manifested great importance for applications both in science and industry, such as biomedical research, micro machining, etc. Now, the well proven approach to generating ultra-short UV pulses is extra-cavity frequency conversion based on nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, due to the lack of suitable laser sources directly generating UV laser. In this process of harmonic generation, the length of nonlinear crystal is an important factor affecting the conversion efficiency and beam-quality. The optimal length of the nonlinear crystal is influenced by incident laser parameters and crystal absorption coefficient. At present, for the UV 355 nm picosecond laser generated from extra-cavity sum frequency, published are few reports about detailed analysis and research on the influence of photon ratio of the incident laser beams and nonlinear crystal absorption on optimal length of sum frequency crystal. In this paper, the steady-state solutions with the highest conversion efficiency under different incident conditions are obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of the three waves coupling equations. The effects of different photon ratios and absorption effect of the sum frequency crystal on the optimum crystal length are analyzed. We propose a solution based on the fundamental frequency laser amplified to shorten crystal length and improve conversion efficiency. In this scheme, the 532 nm second harmonic laser with a high conversion efficiency over 65% can be achieved by LiB3O5 crystal. After that, the 1064 nm fundamental frequency laser is separated from the second harmonic laser, and then it is amplified by the Nd:YVO4 laser crystal pumped by an 808 nm laser diode. Finally, the ultraviolet 355 nm picosecond laser is obtained by combining the 1064 nm fundamental frequency laser with the 532 nm second harmonic laser in the LiB3O5 crystal. The simulation results show that the incident photon ratio of the sum frequency reaction can be changed by amplifying the residual fundamental frequency laser, and the optimum length of the sum-frequency crystal corresponding to the highest conversion efficiency can be shortened. Meanwhile, the absorption and walk-away effect of the sum frequency crystal can be also reduced. The final 355 nm laser output power can be increased more than 40 percent compared with the traditional scheme of early reports. In consequence, the high sum frequency conversion efficiency of the UV 355 nm picosecond laser can be obtained by changing the photo ratio of the incident laser beams through amplifying the fundamental frequency laser.
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Keywords:
- ultraviolet picosecond 355 nm laser /
- sum frequency /
- fundamental frequency laser amplified /
- LiB3O5 crystal
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图 1 (a) 传统的355 nm产生装置图; (b) 基于基频放大的紫外皮秒355 nm输出效率提升系统装置图
Figure 1. (a) Diagram of the traditional 355 nm generating device; (b) diagram of the UV picosecond 355 nm output efficiency improvement system based on fundamental frequency amplification
图 2 M = 1∶2时晶体中1064, 532和355 nm功率密度变化曲线
Figure 2. Power density curves of 1064, 532 and 355 nm laser in crystal with M = 1∶2.
图 3 M = 1∶1时晶体中1064, 532, 和355 nm功率密度变化曲线
Figure 3. Power density curves of 1064, 532 and 355 nm laser in crystal with M = 1∶1.
图 4 传统方案紫外355 nm输出功率与晶体长度关系曲线
Figure 4. Relationship between UV 355 nm output power and crystal length under traditional scheme
图 5 不同功率密度配比M对晶体长度和转换效率的影响
Figure 5. Effect of different power density ratios M on crystal length and conversion efficiency.
图 6 基频放大方案紫外355 nm输出功率与晶体长度关系曲线
Figure 6. Relationship between UV 355 nm output power and crystal length based on fundamental frequency amplification
表 1 不同功率密度配比M条件下峰值转换效率对应的晶体长度
Table 1. Crystal lengths corresponding to the peak conversion as to different power density ratios M
M 1∶2 2∶2 3∶2 4∶2 5∶2 晶体长度/mm 12.2 7.0 5.4 4.6 4.1 
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[1] Klein-Wiele J H, Bekesi J, Simon P 2004 Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 79 775
Google Scholar
[2] Chen T C, Darling R B 2008 J. Mater. Process. Technol. 198 248
Google Scholar
[3] Norreys P A, Zepf M, Moustaizis S, Fews A P, Zhang J, Lee P, Bakarezos M, Danson C N, Dyson A, Gibbon P, Loukakos P, Neely D, Walsh F N, Wark J S, Dangor A E 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 1832
Google Scholar
[4] Gray R J, Yuan X H, Carroll D C, Brenner C M, Coury M, Quinn M N, Tresca O, Zielbauer B, Aurand B, Bagnoud V, Fils J, Kühl T, Lin X X, Li C, Li Y T, Roth M, Neely D, McKenna P 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 171502
Google Scholar
[5] Raith A, Perkins W T, Pearce N J G, Jeffries T E 1996 Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 355 789
[6] Ubachs W, Eikema K S E, Hogervorst W, Cacciani P C 1997 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14 2469
Google Scholar
[7] Francis A L, Warner J W, Telfair W B, Yoder P R, Martin C A 1989 Arch. Ophthalmol. 107 131
Google Scholar
[8] Sharp D G 1939 J. Bacteriol. 37 447
[9] Rastogi V K, Wallace L, Smith L S 2007 Mil. Med. 172 1166
Google Scholar
[10] Craxton R S 1980 Opt. Commun. 34 474
Google Scholar
[11] Hodgson N, Dudley D, Gruber L, Jordan W, Hoffman H 2001 Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Baltimore, MD, USA, May 11, 2001 p389
[12] Wang C X, Wang G Y, Hicks A V, Dudley D R, Pang H Y, Hodgson N 2006 Solid State Lasers XV: Technology and Devices (Vol. 6100) (San Francisco: SPIE) p610019
[13] Zhu P, Li D, Liu Q, Chen J, Fu S, Shi P, Du K, Loosen P 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 4716
Google Scholar
[14] Yap Y K, Inagaki M, Nakajima S, Mori Y, Sasaki T 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 1348
Google Scholar
[15] Zhang J, Wang L, Wu Y, Wang G, Fu P, Wu Y 2011 Opt. Express 19 16722
Google Scholar
[16] Zhang J, Wang L, Li Y, Wang G, Zhang G, Wu Y 2012 Opt. Express 20 16490
Google Scholar
[17] Li K, Zhang L, Xu D, Zhang G, Yu H, Wang Y, Shan F, Wang L 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 3305
Google Scholar
[18] 尤晨华, 范琦康, 陆祖康, 尤桂铭 1989 光学学报 9 401
Google Scholar
You C H, Fan Q K, Lu Z Q, You G M 1989 Acta Opt. Sin. 9 401
Google Scholar
[19] Ueda K, Orii Y, Takahashi Y, Okada G, Mori Y, Yoshimura M 2016 Opt. Express 24 30465
Google Scholar
[20] Huang J Y, Shen Y R, Chen C, Wu B 1991 Appl. Phys. Lett. 58 1579
Google Scholar
[21] Armstrong J A, Bloembergen N, Ducuing J, Pershan P S 1962 Phys. Rev. 127 1918
Google Scholar
[22] 姚建铨 1995 非线性光学频率变换及激光调谐技术 (北京: 科学出版社) 第69页
Yao J Q 1995 Technic of Nonlinear Optical Frequency Conversion and Laser Tunable Technic (Beijing: Science Press) p69 (in Chinese)
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