Research progress of small low-frequency transmitting antenna

Cui Yong; Wu Ming; Song Xiao; Huang Yu-Ping; Jia Qi; Tao Yun-Fei; Wang Chen

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200792

Abstract

Low-frequency electromagnetic waves have the characteristics of long propagation distance, strong resistance to electromagnetic pulse interference, and slow attenuation in seawater and other media. However, conventional low-frequency transmitting antennas have problems such as bulkiness, high power consumption, and low efficiency, which are not conducive to the performance of low-frequency electromagnetic waves. The mechanical antenna is a new type of low-frequency transmitting antenna that generates time-varying electromagnetic field radiation through the mechanical movement of electric charges or magnetic dipoles. The new radiation principle enables mechanical antennas to break the constraints on the physical size of electromagnetic waves in the traditional antenna field, thereby achieving low-frequency communication with a smaller size and higher efficiency, providing a subversive solution to scenarios such as submarine communication and through-the-earth communication. In recent years, mechanical antennas have attracted much attention and become a hot research topic in the field of low-frequency communication. In this paper, we briefly review the development history, development direction, and existing problems of traditional large-scale land-based low-frequency transmit antennas and persistent mobile low-frequency transmit antennas; we mention the details of the working principles and recent research progress of different mechanical antenna implementations including electret, permanent magnet and piezoelectric mechanical antennas; we compare and analyze the radiation performance, innovations, advantages and disadvantages of each specific implementation scheme; and we also discuss the characteristics of the existing frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, polarization modulation and other signal modulation methods of mechanical antennas and the application schemes of several signal modulation methods of different types of mechanical antennas; finally, we prospect the research direction of mechanical antennas in the next stage. At present, the feasibility of the mechanical antenna scheme has been verified theoretically and experimentally, but it is limited by the antenna volume, power consumption, driving device and other factors, and the radiation intensity of the mechanical antenna is limited. We believe that the research in the field of mechanical antennas in the next stage will focus on the design of antennas for achieving longer communication distances at the sacrifice of certain small and light weight indicators, and innovative signal loading and modulation methods to improve communication rates will also be worth paying attention to in the field of mechanical antennas.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Precise Mechatronics and Controls, Beijing 100076, China
4.
Beijing Shengfeifan Electronic System Technology Development Co. Ltd, Beijing 102209, China

Corresponding author: Song Xiao, songxiao@buaa.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Military Commission Equipment Development Pre-research Field Fund during the 13rd Five-Year Plan Period of China (Grant No. 61405180302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51707006), and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China (Grant No. 4192033)

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	罗卓颖, 刘翠海, 黄玉成, 王崇 2009 舰船电子工程 29 148 Google Scholar Luo Z Y, Liu C H, Huang Y C, Wang C 2009 Ship Electron. Eng. 29 148 Google Scholar
[2]	丁宏 2017 现代军事 4 71 Ding H 2017 Conmilit 4 71
[3]	王毅凡, 周密, 宋志慧 2014 通信技术 47 589 Google Scholar Wang Y F, Zhou M, Song Z H 2014 Commun. Technol. 47 589 Google Scholar
[4]	史伟, 野学范, 胡冬梅 2011 数字技术与应用 7 12 Google Scholar Shi W, Ye X F, Hu D M 2011 Digital Technol. Appl. 7 12 Google Scholar
[5]	左卫, 阚荣才, 任席闯 2014 舰船电子工程 34 151 Google Scholar Zuo W, Kan R C, Ren X C 2014 Ship Electron. Eng. 34 151 Google Scholar
[6]	陆建勋 2013 极低频与超低频无线电技术 (哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学出版社) 第22页 Lu J X 2013 Extreme Low Frequency and Super Low Frequency Radio Technology (Harbin: Harbin Engineering University press) p22 (in Chinese)
[7]	夏明耀, 陈志雨 1995 电子科学学刊 2 125 Xia M Y, Chen Z Y 1995 J. Electron. 2 125
[8]	李斐 2014 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安电子科技大学) Li F 2014 M. S. Thesis (Xi’an: Xidian University) (in Chinese)
[9]	周晨, 王翔, 刘默然, 倪彬彬, 赵正予 2018 地球物理学报 61 4323 Google Scholar Zhou C, Wang X, Liu M R, Ni B B, Zhao Z Y 2018 Chin. J. Geophys. 61 4323 Google Scholar
[10]	Cohen M B, Moore R C, Golkowski M, Lehtinen N G 2012 J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. 117 A12 Google Scholar
[11]	Kuo S, Snyder A, Kossey P, Chang C L, Labenski J 2012 J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. 117 A3 Google Scholar
[12]	常珊珊, 倪彬彬, 赵正予, 汪枫, 李金星, 赵晶晶, 顾旭东, 周晨 2014 物理学报 63 069401 Google Scholar Chang S S, Ni B B, Zhao Z Y, Wang F, Li J X, Zhao J J, Gu X D, Zhou C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 069401 Google Scholar
[13]	郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森 2013 物理学报 62 229402 Google Scholar Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 229402 Google Scholar
[14]	徐彤, 徐彬, 吴健, 胡艳莉, 许正文 2014 极地研究 26 316 Google Scholar Xu T, Xu B, Wu J, Hu Y, Xu Z 2014 Chin. J. Polar Res. 26 316 Google Scholar
[15]	杨巨涛, 李清亮, 王建国, 郝书吉, 潘威炎 2017 物理学报 66 019401 Google Scholar Yang J T, Li Q L, Wang J G, Hao S J, Pan W Y 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 019401 Google Scholar
[16]	Cohen M B 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Stanford: Stanford University)
[17]	刘翠海, 王文清 2011 电讯技术 51 187 Google Scholar Liu C H, Wang W Q 2011 Telecommun. Eng. 51 187 Google Scholar
[18]	Koons H, Dazey M 1983 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 31 243 Google Scholar
[19]	董见, 罗建新 2015 舰船电子工程 35 159 Google Scholar Dong J, Luo J X 2015 Ship Electron. Eng. 35 159 Google Scholar
[20]	魏亮, 柳超 2007 现代电子技术 1 14 Google Scholar Wei L, LIu C 2007 Mod. Electron. Tech. 1 14 Google Scholar
[21]	吴笛 2009 舰船电子工程 29 68 Google Scholar Wu D 2009 Ship Electron. Eng. 29 68 Google Scholar
[22]	贾琦 2014 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院)) Jia Q 2014 M. S. Thesis (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[23]	郑小洪, 侯志强, 李冀鑫 2011 海军航空工程学院学报 26 628 Google Scholar Zheng X H, Hou Z Q, Li J X 2011 J. Naval Aeronaut. Astronaut. Univ. 26 628 Google Scholar
[24]	樊文生, 张世田, 韩逍菲 2015 电波科学学报 30 114 Google Scholar Fan W S, Zhang S T, Han X F 2015 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 30 114 Google Scholar
[25]	Li K 1997 Proceedings of 1997 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Hong Kong, Dec. 2–5, 1997 p1233 DOI: 10.1109/APMC. 1997.656537
[26]	李凯 1998 全球定位系统 1 59 Li K 1998 GNSS World Chin. 1 59
[27]	McLean J S 1996 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 44 672 Google Scholar
[28]	Thiele G A, Detweiler P L, Penno R P 2003 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 51 1263 Google Scholar
[29]	夏钟福, 陈钢进, 肖慧明 2006 物理学报 55 2464 Google Scholar Xia Z F, Chen G J, Xiao H M 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2464 Google Scholar
[30]	Wedel A, Danz R, 夏钟福, 邱勋林, 张冶文 2002 物理学报 51 389 Google Scholar Wedel A, Danz R, Xia Z F, Qiu X L, Zhang Y W 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 389 Google Scholar
[31]	Erhard D P, Lovera D, von Salis-Soglio C, Giesa R, Altstadt V, Schmidt H W (Muller A H E, Schmidt H W Ed.) 2010 Complex Macromolecular Systems Ii (Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin) pp155–207
[32]	Bickford J A 2019 US Patent US10177452 B2 [2019-01-08]
[33]	Bickford J A, Duwel A E, Weinberg M S, McNabb R S, Freeman D K, Ward P A 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 2209 Google Scholar
[34]	Bickford J A, McNabb R S, Ward P A, et al. 2017 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, CA, USA July 9–14, 2017 p1475
[35]	Cui Y, Wang C, Wei M 2019 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting Atlanta, GA, USA, July 7–12, 2019 p1383
[36]	崔勇, 王琛, 宋晓, 梁博文 2019 自动化学报 45 1 Google Scholar Cui Y, Wang C, Song X, Liang B W 2019 Acta Automatica Sin. 45 1 Google Scholar
[37]	崔勇, 王琛, 宋晓, 袁海文, 刘颖异 2020 中国专利 CN109004948B [2020-07-28 Cui Y, Wang C, Song X, Yuan H W, Liu Y Y 2020 CN Patent CN109004948B [2020-07-28] (in Chinese)
[38]	Liang B W, Cui Y, Song X, Li L Y, Wang C 2019 Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput. 10 1950036 Google Scholar
[39]	Burch H C, Garraud A, Mitchell M F, Moore R C, Arnold D P 2018 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66 6265 Google Scholar
[40]	Cao J, Liu Y, Gong S H 2019 2019 International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Informatics (EEI) Nanjing, China, Nov. 8–10, 2019 p140
[41]	Gong S H, Liu Y, Liu Y 2018 Prog. Electromagn. Res. M 72 125 Google Scholar
[42]	Madanayake A, Choi S, Tarek M, Dharmasena S, Mandal S, Glickstein J, Sehirlioglu A 2017 2017 3rd International Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, May 29−31, 2017 p230
[43]	丁春全, 宋海洋 2019 舰船电子工程 39 166 Google Scholar Ding C Q, Song H Y 2019 Ship Electron. Eng. 39 166 Google Scholar
[44]	Manteghi M 2017 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, CA, USA, July 9–14, 2017 p1997
[45]	施伟, 周强, 刘斌 2019 物理学报 68 188401 Google Scholar Shi W, Zhou Q, Liu B 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 188401 Google Scholar
[46]	周强, 姚富强, 施伟, 郝振洋, 郑欢, 刘斌, 何攀峰 2020 中国科学:技术科学 50 69 Google Scholar Zhou Q, Yuan F Q, Shi W, Hao Z Y, Zheng H, Liu B, He P F 2020 Sci. Sin. Technologica 50 69 Google Scholar
[47]	Golkowski M, Park J, Bittle J, Babaiahgari B, Rorrer R A L, Celinski Z 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p65
[48]	Fawole O C, Tabib-Azar M 2017 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65 6927 Google Scholar
[49]	Barani N, Sarabandi K 2019 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting Atlanta, GA, USA, July 7–12, 2019 p2169
[50]	Barani N, Sarabandi K 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p95
[51]	Prasad M N S, Tok R U, Fereidoony F, Wang Y E, Zhu R, Propst A, Bland S 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 13220 Google Scholar
[52]	Mysore Nagaraja S P, Tok R U, Zhu R, Bland S, Propst A, Wang Y E 2019 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1407 012049 Google Scholar
[53]	Prasad M N S, Huang Y, Wang Y E 2017 IEEE 2017 XXXⅡnd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science Montreal, QC, Canada, Aug. 19–26, 2017 p1
[54]	Prasad M N S, Selvin S, Tok R U, Huang Y K, Wang Y X 2018 2018 IEEE Radio & Wireless Symposium Anaheim, CA, USA, Jan. 15–18, 2018 p171
[55]	Prasad M N S, Tok R U, Wang Y E 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p71
[56]	Selvin S, Prasad M N S, Huang Y K, Wang E 2017 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, CA, USA, July 9–14, 2017 p1477
[57]	Kemp M A, Franzi M, Haase A, Jongewaard E, Whittaker M T, Kirkpatrick M, Sparr R 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1715 Google Scholar
[58]	Hassanien A E, Breen M, Li M H, Gong S 2019 arXiv: 1906.07797[physics.app-ph]
[59]	Dong C Z, He Y F, Li M H, Tu C, Chu Z Q, Liang X F, Chen H H, Wei Y Y, Zaeimbashi M, Wang X J, Lin H, Gao Y, Sun N X 2020 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 19 398 Google Scholar
[60]	Xu J, Leung C M, Zhuang X, Li J, Bhardwaj S, Volakis J, Viehland D 2019 Sensors 19 853 Google Scholar
[61]	Zheng H, Zhao J B, Xiang B, Xiong Q P, Deng F S 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p751
[62]	Glickstein J S, Liang J, Choi S, Madanayake A, Mandal S 2020 IEEE Access 8 2455 Google Scholar
[63]	Strachen N, Booske J, Behdad N 2018 PLoS One 13 e0199934 Google Scholar
[64]	Strachen N D, Booske J H, Behdad N 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p67
[65]	张多佳 2019 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安理工大学) Zhang D J 2019 B. S. Thesis (Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[66]	胡伯平 2014 磁性材料及器件 45 66 Google Scholar Hu B P 2014 J. Magn. Mater. Devics 45 66 Google Scholar
[67]	胡文艳 2012 现代电子技术 35 151 Google Scholar Hu W Y 2012 Mod. Electron. Tech. 35 151 Google Scholar
[68]	Brown D, Ma B M, Chen Z M 2002 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 248 432 Google Scholar
[69]	Sugimoto S 2011 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44 11 Google Scholar
[70]	Bai G, Gao R W, Sun Y, Han G B, Wang B 2007 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 308 20 Google Scholar
[71]	Cao S, Yue M, Yang Y X, Zhang D, Liu W, Zhang J, Guo Z, Li W 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07A740 Google Scholar
[72]	Ma B M, Liu W L, Liang Y L, Scott D, Bounds C O 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 6628 Google Scholar
[73]	陈钢进, 饶成平, 肖慧明, 黄华, 赵延海 2015 物理学报 64 237702 Google Scholar Chen G J, Rao C P, Xiao H M, Huang H, Zhao Y H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 237702 Google Scholar
[74]	肖慧明, 温中泉, 张锦文, 陈钢进 2007 功能材料 38 1297 Google Scholar Xiao H M, Wen Z Q, Zhang J W, Chen G J 2007 J. Funct. Mater. 38 1297 Google Scholar
[75]	赵满 2013 电子信息对抗技术 28 69 Google Scholar Zhao M 2013 Elec. Inf. Warfare Technol. 28 69 Google Scholar
[76]	朱松 2007 中国电子科学研究院学报 2 562 Zhu S 2007 J. Chin. Acad. Electron Inf. Technol. 2 562

Cited By

图 1 大规模陆基低频对潜通信系统　(a) 位于Nizhny Novgorod的“歌利亚”对潜通信天线阵列; (b) 位于美国Upper Peninsula的美国海军对潜低频通信基地; (c) ZEVS低频对潜通信系统天线分布

Figure 1. Large-scale land-based low-frequency submarine communication system: (a) Antenna array of "Golia" pair submarine communication in Nizhny Novgorod; (b) U.S. Navy's low-frequency submarine communication base on the Upper Peninsula of the United States; (c) ZEVS antenna distribution of low frequency submarine communication system.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 双波束幅度调制形成两个 “ELF/VLF 偶极子天线” 示意图^[13]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of dual beam amplitude modulation to form two “ELF/VLF dipole antennas”^[13].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 顽存机动式低频天线　(a)气球升举式; (b)机载双拖曳式

Figure 3. Stubborn mobile low-frequency antenna: (a) Balloon lift; (b) airborne double tow.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 旋转驻极体式机械天线原理模型^[36]

Figure 4. Principle model of rotating electret mechanical antenna^[36].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 多瓣驻极体天线结构^[38]　(a) 二分布驻极体天线; (b) 六分布驻极体天线

Figure 5. Multi-block electret antenna structure^[38]: (a) Two distributed electret antenna; (b) six distributed electret antenna.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 典型永磁体式机械天线　(a)佛罗里达大学方案^[39]; (b)西安电子科技大学方案^[40]; (c)科罗拉多大学丹佛分校方案^[47]; (d)犹他大学方案^[48]; (e)密歇根大学方案^[49]; (f)加州大学洛杉矶分校方案^[51]

Figure 6. Typical permanent magnet type mechanical antenna: (a) University of Florida^[39]; (b) Xidian University^[40]; (c) University of Colorado Denver^[47]; (d) University of Utah^[48]; (e) University of Michigan^[49]; (f) University of California, Los Angeles^[51].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 压电式机械天线结构模型　(a)斯坦福大学方案^[57]; (b)伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校方案^[58]

Figure 7. Structural model of piezoelectric mechanical antenna: (a) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory^[57]; (b) University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign^[58].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 磁电式机械天线结构模型^[59]　(a)磁电天线结构; (b)磁电天线俯视图; (c)磁电天线侧视图; (d)发射天线与接收天线

Figure 8. Structural model of piezoelectric mechanical antenna^[59]: (a) Schematic of the ME antenna; (b) top view of a fabricated ME antenna prototype; (c) side view of the schematic and fabricated ME antenna; (d) one pair of ME transmitter and receiver packed in plastic boxes.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 中国船舶重工集团七二二所机械天线结构模型^[61]

Figure 9. Mechanical antenna structure model of 722 nd Research Institute of CSIC^[61].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 常见调制方案示意图　(a) 频率调制示意图; (b) 幅度调制示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of common modulation schemes: (a) FSK; (b) ASK.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 压电谐振式机械天线频率调制示意图　(a)美国斯坦福大学频率调制方案^[57]; (b)美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校频率调制方案^[58]

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of frequency modulation of piezoelectric resonant mechanical antenna: (a) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory^[57]; (b) University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign^[58].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校幅度调制方案^[64]

Figure 12. Amplitude modulation scheme of the University of Wisconsin-Madison^[64].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 各团队机械天线性能对比

Table 1. Performance comparison of mechanical antennas of various teams.

天线方案		团队名称	材料	尺寸/cm	频率范围	磁场强度	参考文献
驻极体式机械天线		北京航空航天大学美国加州大学伯克利分校	FEP	5.0	0—200 Hz		[35]
永磁体式机械天线	单永磁体	美国佛罗里达大学	N42钕铁硼	1.6	100—500 Hz	800 fT (100 m)	[39]
		美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校	N42钕铁硼	1.9	30 Hz	10 μT (0.3 m)	[64]
		美国科罗拉多大学丹佛分校	钕铁硼钢		0—1.6 kHz	50 pT (5 m)	[47]
		美国犹他大学	钕铁硼	135.0		47 μT (50 m)	[48]
		西安电子科技大学	钕铁硼	15.0	30 Hz	1 nT (0.6 m)	[40]
	永磁体阵列	美国加州大学洛杉矶分校	N55钕铁硼	13.0	1031 Hz		[51]
压电谐振式机械天线	压电式	美国斯坦福大学SLAC实验室	LiNbO₃	9.4	35.5 kHz		[57]
	压电式	美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校	PZT	8.0	33.2 kHz	40 fT (6 m)	[58]
	磁电式	美国弗吉尼亚理工大学	PZT Metglas	10.0	30 kHz	1 nT (0.9 m)	[60]
	磁电式	美国波士顿东北大学	PZT Metglas	10.0	23.95 kHz	0.1 nT (120 m)	[59]

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	罗卓颖, 刘翠海, 黄玉成, 王崇 2009 舰船电子工程 29 148 Google Scholar Luo Z Y, Liu C H, Huang Y C, Wang C 2009 Ship Electron. Eng. 29 148 Google Scholar
[2]	丁宏 2017 现代军事 4 71 Ding H 2017 Conmilit 4 71
[3]	王毅凡, 周密, 宋志慧 2014 通信技术 47 589 Google Scholar Wang Y F, Zhou M, Song Z H 2014 Commun. Technol. 47 589 Google Scholar
[4]	史伟, 野学范, 胡冬梅 2011 数字技术与应用 7 12 Google Scholar Shi W, Ye X F, Hu D M 2011 Digital Technol. Appl. 7 12 Google Scholar
[5]	左卫, 阚荣才, 任席闯 2014 舰船电子工程 34 151 Google Scholar Zuo W, Kan R C, Ren X C 2014 Ship Electron. Eng. 34 151 Google Scholar
[6]	陆建勋 2013 极低频与超低频无线电技术 (哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学出版社) 第22页 Lu J X 2013 Extreme Low Frequency and Super Low Frequency Radio Technology (Harbin: Harbin Engineering University press) p22 (in Chinese)
[7]	夏明耀, 陈志雨 1995 电子科学学刊 2 125 Xia M Y, Chen Z Y 1995 J. Electron. 2 125
[8]	李斐 2014 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安电子科技大学) Li F 2014 M. S. Thesis (Xi’an: Xidian University) (in Chinese)
[9]	周晨, 王翔, 刘默然, 倪彬彬, 赵正予 2018 地球物理学报 61 4323 Google Scholar Zhou C, Wang X, Liu M R, Ni B B, Zhao Z Y 2018 Chin. J. Geophys. 61 4323 Google Scholar
[10]	Cohen M B, Moore R C, Golkowski M, Lehtinen N G 2012 J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. 117 A12 Google Scholar
[11]	Kuo S, Snyder A, Kossey P, Chang C L, Labenski J 2012 J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. 117 A3 Google Scholar
[12]	常珊珊, 倪彬彬, 赵正予, 汪枫, 李金星, 赵晶晶, 顾旭东, 周晨 2014 物理学报 63 069401 Google Scholar Chang S S, Ni B B, Zhao Z Y, Wang F, Li J X, Zhao J J, Gu X D, Zhou C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 069401 Google Scholar
[13]	郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森 2013 物理学报 62 229402 Google Scholar Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 229402 Google Scholar
[14]	徐彤, 徐彬, 吴健, 胡艳莉, 许正文 2014 极地研究 26 316 Google Scholar Xu T, Xu B, Wu J, Hu Y, Xu Z 2014 Chin. J. Polar Res. 26 316 Google Scholar
[15]	杨巨涛, 李清亮, 王建国, 郝书吉, 潘威炎 2017 物理学报 66 019401 Google Scholar Yang J T, Li Q L, Wang J G, Hao S J, Pan W Y 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 019401 Google Scholar
[16]	Cohen M B 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Stanford: Stanford University)
[17]	刘翠海, 王文清 2011 电讯技术 51 187 Google Scholar Liu C H, Wang W Q 2011 Telecommun. Eng. 51 187 Google Scholar
[18]	Koons H, Dazey M 1983 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 31 243 Google Scholar
[19]	董见, 罗建新 2015 舰船电子工程 35 159 Google Scholar Dong J, Luo J X 2015 Ship Electron. Eng. 35 159 Google Scholar
[20]	魏亮, 柳超 2007 现代电子技术 1 14 Google Scholar Wei L, LIu C 2007 Mod. Electron. Tech. 1 14 Google Scholar
[21]	吴笛 2009 舰船电子工程 29 68 Google Scholar Wu D 2009 Ship Electron. Eng. 29 68 Google Scholar
[22]	贾琦 2014 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院)) Jia Q 2014 M. S. Thesis (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[23]	郑小洪, 侯志强, 李冀鑫 2011 海军航空工程学院学报 26 628 Google Scholar Zheng X H, Hou Z Q, Li J X 2011 J. Naval Aeronaut. Astronaut. Univ. 26 628 Google Scholar
[24]	樊文生, 张世田, 韩逍菲 2015 电波科学学报 30 114 Google Scholar Fan W S, Zhang S T, Han X F 2015 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 30 114 Google Scholar
[25]	Li K 1997 Proceedings of 1997 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Hong Kong, Dec. 2–5, 1997 p1233 DOI: 10.1109/APMC. 1997.656537
[26]	李凯 1998 全球定位系统 1 59 Li K 1998 GNSS World Chin. 1 59
[27]	McLean J S 1996 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 44 672 Google Scholar
[28]	Thiele G A, Detweiler P L, Penno R P 2003 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 51 1263 Google Scholar
[29]	夏钟福, 陈钢进, 肖慧明 2006 物理学报 55 2464 Google Scholar Xia Z F, Chen G J, Xiao H M 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2464 Google Scholar
[30]	Wedel A, Danz R, 夏钟福, 邱勋林, 张冶文 2002 物理学报 51 389 Google Scholar Wedel A, Danz R, Xia Z F, Qiu X L, Zhang Y W 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 389 Google Scholar
[31]	Erhard D P, Lovera D, von Salis-Soglio C, Giesa R, Altstadt V, Schmidt H W (Muller A H E, Schmidt H W Ed.) 2010 Complex Macromolecular Systems Ii (Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin) pp155–207
[32]	Bickford J A 2019 US Patent US10177452 B2 [2019-01-08]
[33]	Bickford J A, Duwel A E, Weinberg M S, McNabb R S, Freeman D K, Ward P A 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 2209 Google Scholar
[34]	Bickford J A, McNabb R S, Ward P A, et al. 2017 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, CA, USA July 9–14, 2017 p1475
[35]	Cui Y, Wang C, Wei M 2019 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting Atlanta, GA, USA, July 7–12, 2019 p1383
[36]	崔勇, 王琛, 宋晓, 梁博文 2019 自动化学报 45 1 Google Scholar Cui Y, Wang C, Song X, Liang B W 2019 Acta Automatica Sin. 45 1 Google Scholar
[37]	崔勇, 王琛, 宋晓, 袁海文, 刘颖异 2020 中国专利 CN109004948B [2020-07-28 Cui Y, Wang C, Song X, Yuan H W, Liu Y Y 2020 CN Patent CN109004948B [2020-07-28] (in Chinese)
[38]	Liang B W, Cui Y, Song X, Li L Y, Wang C 2019 Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput. 10 1950036 Google Scholar
[39]	Burch H C, Garraud A, Mitchell M F, Moore R C, Arnold D P 2018 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66 6265 Google Scholar
[40]	Cao J, Liu Y, Gong S H 2019 2019 International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Informatics (EEI) Nanjing, China, Nov. 8–10, 2019 p140
[41]	Gong S H, Liu Y, Liu Y 2018 Prog. Electromagn. Res. M 72 125 Google Scholar
[42]	Madanayake A, Choi S, Tarek M, Dharmasena S, Mandal S, Glickstein J, Sehirlioglu A 2017 2017 3rd International Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, May 29−31, 2017 p230
[43]	丁春全, 宋海洋 2019 舰船电子工程 39 166 Google Scholar Ding C Q, Song H Y 2019 Ship Electron. Eng. 39 166 Google Scholar
[44]	Manteghi M 2017 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, CA, USA, July 9–14, 2017 p1997
[45]	施伟, 周强, 刘斌 2019 物理学报 68 188401 Google Scholar Shi W, Zhou Q, Liu B 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 188401 Google Scholar
[46]	周强, 姚富强, 施伟, 郝振洋, 郑欢, 刘斌, 何攀峰 2020 中国科学:技术科学 50 69 Google Scholar Zhou Q, Yuan F Q, Shi W, Hao Z Y, Zheng H, Liu B, He P F 2020 Sci. Sin. Technologica 50 69 Google Scholar
[47]	Golkowski M, Park J, Bittle J, Babaiahgari B, Rorrer R A L, Celinski Z 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p65
[48]	Fawole O C, Tabib-Azar M 2017 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65 6927 Google Scholar
[49]	Barani N, Sarabandi K 2019 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting Atlanta, GA, USA, July 7–12, 2019 p2169
[50]	Barani N, Sarabandi K 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p95
[51]	Prasad M N S, Tok R U, Fereidoony F, Wang Y E, Zhu R, Propst A, Bland S 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 13220 Google Scholar
[52]	Mysore Nagaraja S P, Tok R U, Zhu R, Bland S, Propst A, Wang Y E 2019 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1407 012049 Google Scholar
[53]	Prasad M N S, Huang Y, Wang Y E 2017 IEEE 2017 XXXⅡnd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science Montreal, QC, Canada, Aug. 19–26, 2017 p1
[54]	Prasad M N S, Selvin S, Tok R U, Huang Y K, Wang Y X 2018 2018 IEEE Radio & Wireless Symposium Anaheim, CA, USA, Jan. 15–18, 2018 p171
[55]	Prasad M N S, Tok R U, Wang Y E 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p71
[56]	Selvin S, Prasad M N S, Huang Y K, Wang E 2017 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, CA, USA, July 9–14, 2017 p1477
[57]	Kemp M A, Franzi M, Haase A, Jongewaard E, Whittaker M T, Kirkpatrick M, Sparr R 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1715 Google Scholar
[58]	Hassanien A E, Breen M, Li M H, Gong S 2019 arXiv: 1906.07797[physics.app-ph]
[59]	Dong C Z, He Y F, Li M H, Tu C, Chu Z Q, Liang X F, Chen H H, Wei Y Y, Zaeimbashi M, Wang X J, Lin H, Gao Y, Sun N X 2020 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 19 398 Google Scholar
[60]	Xu J, Leung C M, Zhuang X, Li J, Bhardwaj S, Volakis J, Viehland D 2019 Sensors 19 853 Google Scholar
[61]	Zheng H, Zhao J B, Xiang B, Xiong Q P, Deng F S 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p751
[62]	Glickstein J S, Liang J, Choi S, Madanayake A, Mandal S 2020 IEEE Access 8 2455 Google Scholar
[63]	Strachen N, Booske J, Behdad N 2018 PLoS One 13 e0199934 Google Scholar
[64]	Strachen N D, Booske J H, Behdad N 2018 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & Usnc/Ursi National Radio Science Meeting Boston, MA, USA, July 8–13, 2018 p67
[65]	张多佳 2019 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安理工大学) Zhang D J 2019 B. S. Thesis (Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[66]	胡伯平 2014 磁性材料及器件 45 66 Google Scholar Hu B P 2014 J. Magn. Mater. Devics 45 66 Google Scholar
[67]	胡文艳 2012 现代电子技术 35 151 Google Scholar Hu W Y 2012 Mod. Electron. Tech. 35 151 Google Scholar
[68]	Brown D, Ma B M, Chen Z M 2002 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 248 432 Google Scholar
[69]	Sugimoto S 2011 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44 11 Google Scholar
[70]	Bai G, Gao R W, Sun Y, Han G B, Wang B 2007 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 308 20 Google Scholar
[71]	Cao S, Yue M, Yang Y X, Zhang D, Liu W, Zhang J, Guo Z, Li W 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07A740 Google Scholar
[72]	Ma B M, Liu W L, Liang Y L, Scott D, Bounds C O 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 6628 Google Scholar
[73]	陈钢进, 饶成平, 肖慧明, 黄华, 赵延海 2015 物理学报 64 237702 Google Scholar Chen G J, Rao C P, Xiao H M, Huang H, Zhao Y H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 237702 Google Scholar
[74]	肖慧明, 温中泉, 张锦文, 陈钢进 2007 功能材料 38 1297 Google Scholar Xiao H M, Wen Z Q, Zhang J W, Chen G J 2007 J. Funct. Mater. 38 1297 Google Scholar
[75]	赵满 2013 电子信息对抗技术 28 69 Google Scholar Zhao M 2013 Elec. Inf. Warfare Technol. 28 69 Google Scholar
[76]	朱松 2007 中国电子科学研究院学报 2 562 Zhu S 2007 J. Chin. Acad. Electron Inf. Technol. 2 562

[1]	Deng Chen-Hua, Yu Zhong-Hai, Wang Yu-Tao, Kong Sen, Zhou Chao, Yang Sen. Crystallization kinetics of Ti-doped Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(2): 027501. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221479
[2]	Song Kai-Xin, Min Shu-Gang, Gao Jun-Qi, Zhang Shuang-Jie, Mao Zhi-Neng, Shen Ying, Chu Zhao-Qiang. Impedance characteristics of magnetoelectric antennas. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(24): 247502. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220591
[3]	Li Fei, Zhang Shu-Jun, Xu Zhuo. Piezoelectricity—An important property for ferroelectrics during last 100 years. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(21): 217703. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200980
[4]	Wang Chen, Cui Yong, Song Xiao, Yuan Hai-Wen. Magnetic field propagation model of low frequency/very low communication based on mechanical antenna of electret. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(15): 158401. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200314
[5]	Li Zhu-Bai, Li Yun, Qin Yuan, Zhang Xue-Feng, Shen Bao-Gen. Magnetization reversal and coercivity in rare-earth permanent magnets and composite magnets. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(17): 177501. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190364
[6]	Shi Wei, Zhou Qiang, Liu Bin. Performance analysis of spinning magnet as mechanical antenna. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(18): 188401. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190339
[7]	Deng Dong-Ge, Wu Xin-Jun, Zuo Su. Measurement of initial magnetization curve based on constant magnetic field excited by permanent magnet. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(14): 148101. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.148101
[8]	Zhang Lin-Cheng, Chen Gang-Jin, Xiao Hui-Ming, Cai Ben-Xiao, Huang Hua, Wu Ling. Preparation and charge storage property of FEP thin film electret with grid electric field distribution in millimeter scale. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(23): 237701. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.237701
[9]	Chen Gang-Jin, Rao Cheng-Ping, Xiao Hui-Ming, Huang Hua, Zhao Yan-Hai. Study on charge storage characteristics of PP film electret charged by interface polarization method. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(23): 237702. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.237702
[10]	Zhang Tian-Le, Huang Xi, Zheng Kai, Zhang Xin-Wu, Wang Yu-Jie, Wu Li-Ming, Zhang Xiao-Qing, Zheng Jie, Zhu Biao. Influence of polarization voltage on piezoelectric performance of polypropylene piezoelectret films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(15): 157703. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.157703
[11]	Zhang Xin-Wu, Zhang Xiao-Qing. Piezoelectric and acoustic behavior of polypropylene piezoelectret films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(16): 167702. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.167702
[12]	Ma Jun, Yang Wan-Min, Wang Miao, Chen Sen-Lin, Feng Zhong-Ling. The effect of additional permanent magnet magnetizing methods on magnetic field distribution and the levitation force of single domain GdBCO bulk superconductor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(22): 227401. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.227401
[13]	He Yong-Zhou. Inhomogeneity of external magnetic field for permanent magnet. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(8): 084105. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.084105
[14]	Ma Jun, Yang Wan-Min, Li Jia-Wei, Wang Miao, Chen Sen-Lin. The effects of magnetization methods with additional permanent magnet on the magnetic field distribution and levitation force of single domain GdBCO bulk superconductor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(13): 137401. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.137401
[15]	Ma Jun, Yang Wan-Min, Li Guo-Zheng, Cheng Xiao-Fang, Guo Xiao-Dan. Effects of additional permanent magnet on the levitation force of single domain GdBCO bulk superconductor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(2): 027401. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.027401
[16]	Chen Gang-Jin, Xiao Hui-Ming, Xia Zhong-Fu. Charge storage characteristics in hybrid electret film consisting of porous PTFE and PP with negative corona charging. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(5): 2464-2469. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.2464
[17]	Wang Fei-Peng, Xia Zhong-Fu, Qiu Xiao-Min, Lü Hang, Qiu Xun-Lin, Shen Jun. Influence of pressure expanding treatment on electret properties of positively corona charged cellular PP films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(9): 4400-4405. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.4400
[18]	Chen Gang-Jin, Xia Zhong-Fu. Study on piezoelectricity of hybrid films consisting of porous PTFE and Teflon FEP. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(8): 2715-2719. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.2715
[19]	. . Acta Physica Sinica, 2002, 51(2): 389-394. doi: 10.7498/aps.51.389
[20]	ZHANG XIAO-QING, G.M.SESSLER, XIA ZHONG-FU, ZHANG YE-WEN. CHARGE STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION IN DOUBLE LAYERS OF Si3N4/SiO2 ELECTRET FILM BASED ON Si SUBSTRATE. Acta Physica Sinica, 2001, 50(2): 293-298. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.293

Catalog

Vol. 69, Issue 20 - 2020-10-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 15616
PDF Downloads: 542
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板