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Ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse is an important tool in studying ultrafast chemical and physical processes. Realizing broadband ultraviolet laser pluses with a wide tunable range would significantly facilitate the study of ultrafast processes. As an effective and convenient method, the cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) has been widely adopted to generate broadband and tunable ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses. In this work, we carry out CFWM in MgO crystal by using two 400-nm pulses to generate tunable ultraviolet femtosecond pulse. The MgO crystal is chosen due to its high third-order nonlinear susceptibility, large band gap and high transmittance in the ultraviolet region. In the experiment, nine frequency up-converted and five frequency down-converted sidebands are observed. The measured wavelength and scattering angle of each sideband are consistent with the CFWM theory predictions. The wavelength range of the sidebands covers 350–450 nm. The total conversion efficiency of the ultraviolet sidebands is 1.2%, which is higher than the reported values with visible/near infrared driven lasers. Meanwhile, the spectra of the high-order sidebands present a Gaussian profile and can support a Fourier-transform-limited pulse duration of less than 50 fs. Besides, the central wavelengths of the sidebands can be effectively tuned by adjusting the time-delay between the two pre-chirped pump pulses. Our study provides an efficient and convenient scheme to generate short ultraviolet femtosecond pulses with a wide tunable range.
[1] 戴姆特瑞德W 著 (姬扬 译) 2012 激光光谱学(第2卷): 实验技术 (北京: 科学出版社) 第466—468页
Demtroder W (translated by Ji Y) 2012 Laser Spectroscopy (Vol.2): Experimental Techniques (Beijing: Science Press) pp466–468 (in Chinese)
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Yao J Q 1995 Nonlinear Optical Frequency Conversion and Tunable Lasers (Beijing: Science Press) pp146–148 (in Chinese)
[4] 叶佩弦 2007 非线性光学物理 (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第99—103页
Ye P X 2007 Nonlinear Optical Physics (Beijing: Peking University Press) pp99–103 (in Chinese)
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[20] Zhi M C, Sokolov A V 2008 New J. Phys. 10 025032
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[21] Zhi M C, Sokolov A V 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2251
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[22] Wang K, Zhi M C, Hua X, Strohaber J, Sokolov A V 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 2866
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图 1 实验装置图(PBS为偏振分束器; 1, 2, 3为半波片; BS为分光镜)
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup (PBS represents polarization beam splitter; 1, 2, 3 represent half wave plates; BS represents beam splitter).
图 2 (a) 钛宝石激光器输出的基频光光谱; (b) BBO在不同光轴角度下的倍频光光谱
Figure 2. (a) Output spectrum of Ti-Sapphire laser; (b) spectra of the second harmonic generation under different BBO orientations.
图 3 (a) AS2到AS7边带的照片; (b) AS1至AS9边带的光谱; (c) S1至S5边带的光谱
Figure 3. (a) Photographs of AS2 to AS7; (b) spectra of sidebands from AS1 to AS9; (c) spectra of sidebands from S1 to S5.
图 4 (a) AS1到AS9边带的理论计算中心波长(红色圆圈)和实验测量(黑色方块)之间的比对; (b) AS1到AS7边带的理论计算散射角(红色圆圈)和实验测量(黑色方块)之间的比对
Figure 4. (a) Comparison of calculated results (red circles) and experimental data (black squares) of central wavelengths of AS1 to AS9; (b) comparison of calculated results (red circles) and experimental data (black squares) of scattering angle of AS1 to AS7.
图 5 (a) AS3边带光谱(实线)及其高斯拟合(虚线); (b)不同延时下AS4边带的光谱, 图中的光谱对应的延时分别为20, 40, 60, 80, 100 fs
Figure 5. (a) Spectra of the AS3 sideband (solid curve) and its Gaussian fitting (dashed curve); (b) spectra of the AS4 sideband at several specific time delays, i.e. 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 fs.
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[1] 戴姆特瑞德W 著 (姬扬 译) 2012 激光光谱学(第2卷): 实验技术 (北京: 科学出版社) 第466—468页
Demtroder W (translated by Ji Y) 2012 Laser Spectroscopy (Vol.2): Experimental Techniques (Beijing: Science Press) pp466–468 (in Chinese)
[2] Bruder L, Bangert U, Binz M, Uhl D, Vexiau R, Bouloufa M N, Dulieu O, Stienkemeier F 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2519
Google Scholar
[3] 姚建铨 1995 非线性光学频率变换及激光调谐技术 (北京: 科学出版社) 第146—148页
Yao J Q 1995 Nonlinear Optical Frequency Conversion and Tunable Lasers (Beijing: Science Press) pp146–148 (in Chinese)
[4] 叶佩弦 2007 非线性光学物理 (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第99—103页
Ye P X 2007 Nonlinear Optical Physics (Beijing: Peking University Press) pp99–103 (in Chinese)
[5] He J P, Liu J, Kobayashi T 2014 Appl. Sci. 4 444
Google Scholar
[6] Weigand R, Crespo H M 2015 Appl. Sci. 5 485
Google Scholar
[7] Liu J, Kobayashi T 2010 Sensors 10 4296
Google Scholar
[8] Crespo H M, Mendonça J T, Dos S A 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 829
Google Scholar
[9] Weigand R, Mendon J T, Crespo H M 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 063838
Google Scholar
[10] Liu J, Zhang J, Kobayashi T 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1494
Google Scholar
[11] Wang P, Shen X, Zeng Z N, Liu J, Li R X, Xu Z Z 2019 Opt. Lett. 44 3952
Google Scholar
[12] Liu J, Kobayashi T 2008 Opt. Express 16 22119
Google Scholar
[13] Liu J, Kobayashi T, Wang Z 2009 Opt. Express 17 9226
Google Scholar
[14] Wang P, Liu J, Li F J, Shen X, Li R X 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 201901
Google Scholar
[15] Liu J, Kobayashi T 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 1114
Google Scholar
[16] Wang P, Liu J, Li F J, Shen X, Li R X 2015 Photon. Res. 3 210
Google Scholar
[17] 刘奇福, 李方家, 刘军 2014 物理学报 63 094209
Google Scholar
Liu Q F, Li F J, Liu J 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 094209
Google Scholar
[18] Liu W M, Zhu L D, Fang C 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 3783
Google Scholar
[19] Liu W M, Zhu L D, Wang L, Fang C 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 1772
Google Scholar
[20] Zhi M C, Sokolov A V 2008 New J. Phys. 10 025032
Google Scholar
[21] Zhi M C, Sokolov A V 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2251
Google Scholar
[22] Wang K, Zhi M C, Hua X, Strohaber J, Sokolov A V 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 2866
Google Scholar
[23] Wang K, Alexandra Z, Zhi M C, Hua X, Sokolov A V 2015 Appl. Sci. 5 145
Google Scholar
[24] Shutova M, Shutov A D, Zhdanova A A, Thompson J V, Sokolov A V 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 1565
Google Scholar
[25] Takahashi J I, Matsubara E, Arima T, Hanamura E 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 155102
Google Scholar
[26] Takahashi J I, Kawabe Y, Hanamura E 2004 Opt. Express 12 1185
Google Scholar
[27] Matsubara E, Inoue K, Hanamura E 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 134101
Google Scholar
[28] Matsuki H, Inoue K, Hanamura E 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 024102
Google Scholar
[29] Inoue K, Kato J, Hanamura E, Matsuki H, Matsubara E 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 041101(R
Google Scholar
[30] Takahashi J I, Keisuke M, Toshirou Y 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 1501
Google Scholar
[31] Matsubara E, Sekikawa T, Yamashita M 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 071104
Google Scholar
[32] Sokolov A V, Harris S E 2003 J. Opt. B 5 R1
Google Scholar
[33] Zhi M C, Wang X, Sokolov A V 2008 Opt. Express 16 12139
Google Scholar
[34] Shea J J 2004 IEEE Electri. Insul. M. 20 46
Google Scholar
[35] Dharmadhikari J A, Dota K, Kritkika D, Mathur D, Dharmadhikari A K 2016 Appl. Phys. B 122 140
Google Scholar
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