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Using the spectra of the three M-components following a first return stroke recorded by a slitless spectrograph, the spectral features of the M-components are analyzed. Combining with plasma theories, the temperatures and the electron densities of the M-components in the channel core and outer corona sheath are calculated. The variations along the channel of these two parameters are studied, and compared with the corresponding return stroke. The results show that the spectra of the M-components are different from the spectrum of the return stroke. The optical radiation of the M-component is primarily from the spectral lines in infrared waveband. The temperature of the M-component in the channel core can reach 40000 K. The electron density of the M-component in the channel core is on the order of 1018 cm–3. The temperature of the M-component in the external corona sheath is about 20000 K. The electron density of the M-component in the external corona sheath is on the order of 1017 cm–3. The temperature of the M-component in the channel core decreases with height increasing, while that in the external corona sheath increases with channel height increasing. The electron density of the M-component in the channel core basically does not change with channel height. Whereas, the electron densities in the external corona sheath for two M-components with hard light at the upper end of the channel increase with channel height increasing, and the electron density for one M-component with weak light at upper end of the channel basically does not change with the channel height. By comparison, the temperature in the core channel and in the external corona sheath of the corresponding return stroke both increase with channel height. The electron density in the core channel and in the external corona sheath of the corresponding return stroke both basically remain constant along the channel.
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[1] Malan D J, Collens H 1937 J. Proc. R. Soc. Lond, A, Math. Phys. Sci. 162 175
Google Scholar
[2] Fisher R J, Schnetzer G H 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 22887
Google Scholar
[3] Thottappillil R, Goldberg J D, Rakov V A, Uman M A, Fisher R J, George H S 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 25711
Google Scholar
[4] Jordan D M, Idone V P, Orville R E, Rakov V A, Uman M A 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 25695
Google Scholar
[5] Rakov V A, Crawford D E, Rambo K J, Schnetzer G H, Uman M A 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 22817
Google Scholar
[6] Qie X, Jiang R, Wang C, Yang J, Wang J, Liu D 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 D10102
Google Scholar
[7] 肖桐, 张阳, 吕伟涛, 郑栋, 张义军 2013 应用气象学报 24 446
Google Scholar
Xiao T, Zhang Y, Lu W T, Zheng D, Zhang Y J 2013 J. Appl. Meteorolog. Sci. 24 446
Google Scholar
[8] 吕伟涛, 张义军, 周秀骥, 孟青, 郑栋, 马明, 王飞, 陈邵东, 郄秀书 2007 应用气象学报 65 983
Google Scholar
Lu W T, Zhang Y J, Zhou X J, Meng Q, Zheng D, Ma M, Wang F, Chen S D, Qie X S 2007 J. Appl. Meteorolog. Sci. 65 983
Google Scholar
[9] 孔祥贞, 郄秀书, 王才伟, 张义军, 王怀斌, 张翠华 2003 高原气象 22 259
Google Scholar
Kong X Z, Qie X S, Wang C W, Zhang Y J, Wang H B, Zhang C H 2003 Plateau Meteorol. 22 259
Google Scholar
[10] 蒋如斌, 郄秀书, 王彩霞, 杨静, 张其林, 刘明元, 王俊芳, 刘冬霞, 潘伦湘 2011 物理学报 60 079201
Google Scholar
Jang R B, Qie X S, Wang C X, Yang J, Zhang Q L, Liu M Y, Wang J F, Liu D X, Pan L X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 079201
Google Scholar
[11] 王雪娟, 袁萍, 岑建勇, 张廷龙, 薛思敏, 赵金翠, 许鹤 2013 物理学报 62 109201
Google Scholar
Wang X J, Yuan P, Cen J Y, Zhang T L, Xue S M, Zhao J C, Xu H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 109201
Google Scholar
[12] Uman M A, Orville R E 1965 J. Geophys. Res. 70 5491
Google Scholar
[13] Uman M A 1969 J. Geophys. Res. 74 949
Google Scholar
[14] 穆亚利, 袁萍, 王雪娟, 董彩霞 2016 光学学报 36 0630001
Google Scholar
Mu Y L, Yuan P, Wang X J, Dong C X 2016 Acta Optica Sinica 36 0630001
Google Scholar
[15] Xue S, Yuan P, Cen J, Li Y, Wang X 2015 Wang J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 120 1972
Google Scholar
[16] Wang X, Yuan P, Cen J, Xue S 2016 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 121 8615
Google Scholar
[17] 郄秀书, 张其林, 袁铁, 张廷龙 2013 雷电物理 (北京: 科学出版社)
Qie X H, Zhang Q L, Yuan T, Zhang T L 2013 Thunder Physics (Beijing: Science Press) (in Chinese)
[18] Maslowski G, Rakov V A 2013 Atmos. Res. 129 117
Google Scholar
[19] Maslowski G, Rakov V A 2006 J. Geophys. Res. 111 D14110
Google Scholar
[20] Cvetic J, Heidler F, Markovic S, Radosavljevic R, Osmokrovic P 2012 Atmos. Res. 117 122
Google Scholar
[21] Orville R E 1968 J. Geophys. Res. 73 6999
Google Scholar
[22] Thottappillil R, Rakov V A, Uman M A 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 6987
Google Scholar
[23] Wang X, Yuan P, Cen J, Liu G 2017 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 122 4993
Google Scholar
[24] Liu G, Yuan P, An T, Cen J, Wang X 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 064103
Google Scholar
[25] Liu G, Yuan P, An T, Sun D, Cen J, Wang X 2019 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 124 4689
Google Scholar
[26] Zhao J, Yuan P, Cen J, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang G 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 163303
Google Scholar
[27] 袁萍, 欧阳玉花, 吕世华, 郄秀书, 贾向东, 张华明 2006 高原气象 25 503
Google Scholar
Yuan P, Ouyang Y H, Lu S H, Qie X S, Jia X D, Zhang H M 2006 Plateau Meteorol. 25 503
Google Scholar
[28] 张华明, 袁萍, 吕世华, 欧阳玉花 2007 高原气象 26 264
Google Scholar
Zhang H M, Yuan P, Lu S H, Ouyang Y H 2007 Plateau Meteorol. 26 264
Google Scholar
[29] Orville R E, Henderson R 1984 J. Atmos. Sci. 41 3180
Google Scholar
[30] Weidman C, Boye A, Crowell L 1989 J. Geophys. Res. 94 13249
Google Scholar
[31] Hegazy H 2010 J. Appl. Phys. B 98 601
Google Scholar
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