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Energy and pollution are crucial problems. Photocatalysis technology is a way to solve the problem by electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen and degradation of organic pollutants. Preparing photocatalysts with fantastic photocatalytic activity and high photocarrier separation efficiency is a key technique. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted much attention because of their unique structures and excellent properties, which are different from the traditional materials’. The 2D nanomaterials demonstrate in-plane covalent bonds and out-of-plane van der Waals interactions. Therefore, two 2D materials can form van der Waals heterojunctions by van der Waals forces, which are also known as nanocomposites. However, there is an interesting problem in the study of van der Waals heterojunctions in the field of photochemistry, which has not been paid attention to no studied. Specifically, that problem is whether the photochemical properties of the van der Waals heterojunctions are affected by the different stacking structures after the relationship between the upper and lower positions has been adjusted. In this paper, the van der Waals heterojunction films with different stacking structures ReS2-Gra (ReS2 on the top) and Gra-ReS2 (graphene on the top) are prepared by liquid phase exfoliation combined with electrophoretic deposition method. The heterojunctions are utilized as photoelectrodes in photochemical reactions, and the findings are as follows. i) Different stacking structures will affect the photoelectric chemical characteristics of heterojunctions: comparing with the ReS2-Gra photoelectrode, the photocurrent of the Gra-ReS2 photoelectrode increased by 54% under the same conditions. We think that the main reason is due to the fact that graphene has a zero-band gap structure and holds a wider spectral absorption range. ii) The construction of the heterojunction significantly enhances the photochemical properties of the photoelectrode materials, resulting in a larger and rapidly photocurrent response. The photocurrent response of the Gra-ReS2 photoelectrode (2.47 μA) is twice that of the pure ReS2 photoelectrode (1.16 μA). Based on the experimental results of this paper, a possible mechanism for effective separation and prolonged recombination of the photo-induced electro-hole pairs in ReS2/graphene heterojunction is proposed. This work not only puts forward new ideas for preparing the van der Waals heterojunctions, but also lays a theoretical foundation for further studying the solar energy conversion devices.
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Keywords:
- van der Waals heterojunctions /
- ReS2 /
- graphene /
- photoelectrochemistry
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图 1 ReS2和Graphene纳米片制备过程示意图
Figure 1. Preparation process of ReS2 and Graphene nanosheets
图 2 Gra-ReS2异质结薄膜的制备过程示意图
Figure 2. Preparation process of Gra-ReS2 heterojunction.
图 3 ReS2、石墨烯、Gra-ReS2、ReS2-Gra异质结拉曼光谱图
Figure 3. Raman spectra of ReS2, graphene, Gra-ReS2 heterojunction and ReS2-Gra heterojunction.
图 4 光电极的I-V曲线
Figure 4. The I-V curves of photoelectric electrode.
图 5 (a) 光电极的I-T曲线; (b) 各光电极的最大光电流柱状图
Figure 5. (a) The I-T curves of photoelectric electrode; (b) maximum photocurrent histogram of photoelectric electrode.
图 6 (a) Gra-ReS2和(b) ReS2-Gra光电极的光电流上升及衰减时间响应
Figure 6. Rising and decay response time of photocurrents from (a) Gra-ReS2 photoelectrode and (b) ReS2-Gra photoelectrode.
图 7 Gra-ReS2异质结的能带排列与电子迁移示意图(EV-价带, EC-导带)
Figure 7. Gra-ReS2 heterojunction band alignment and electron mobility, where EC is energy of conduction band minimum, EV is energy of valence band maximum.
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[1] Liu Y, Huang Y, Duan X F 2019 Nature 567 323
Google Scholar
[2] Zhang Z, Lin P, Liao Q, Kang Z, Zhang Y 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1806411
Google Scholar
[3] He M M, Quan C J, He C, Huang Y Y, Zhu L P, Yao Z H, Zhang S J, Bai J T, Xu X L 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 27147
Google Scholar
[4] Quan C J, Lu C H, He C, Xu X, Huang Y Y, Zhao Q Y, Xu X L 2019 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 6 1801733
Google Scholar
[5] Zhang X Y, Selkirk A, Zhang S F, Huang J W, Li Y X, Xie Y F, Dong N N, Cui Y, Zhang L, Blau W J, Wang J 2017 Chem. Eur. J 23 3321
Google Scholar
[6] Pasqual R, Schaibley J R, Jones M A, Ross S J, Wu S F, Aivazian G, Klement P, Seyler K, Clark G, Ghimire N J, Yan J Q, Mandrus D G, Yao W, Xu X D 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6242
Google Scholar
[7] Sun Y, Zhou Z S, Huang Z, Wu J B, Zhou L J, Cheng Y, Liu J Q, Zhu C, Liu K H, Wang X Y, Wang J P, Huang W, Wang L 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1806562
Google Scholar
[8] 李亮, 皮乐晶, 李会巧, 翟天佑 2017 科学通报 62 3134
Google Scholar
Li L, Pi Y J, Li H Q, Zhai T Y, 2017 Chin. Sci. Bull. 62 3134
Google Scholar
[9] Huang M J, Zhou Y X, Guo Y H, Wang H, Hu X R, Xu X L, Ren Z Y 2018 J. Mater. Sci. 53 7744
Google Scholar
[10] Lu C H, Ma J Y, Si K Y, Xu X, Quan C J, He C, Xu X L 2019 Phys. Status Solidi A 216 1900544
Google Scholar
[11] Si K Y, Ma J Y, Lu C H, Zhou Y X, He C, Yang D, Wang X, Xu X L 2020 Appl. Surf. Sci. 507 145082
Google Scholar
[12] 徐铖, 彭涛, 管明艳, 张强, 马锡英 2019 苏州科技大学学报(自然科学版) 36 23
Google Scholar
Xu C, Peng T, Guan M Y, Zhang Q, Ma X Y 2019 J. Suzhou Univ. Sci. Technol. (Nat. Sci.) 36 23
Google Scholar
[13] Tiwari Santosh K, Sumanta S, Nannan W, Andrzej H 2019 J. Sci-Adv. Mater. Dev. 5 10
Google Scholar
[14] Thomas W R, Amir Y 2010 Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 699
Google Scholar
[15] Huimei L, Bo X, J-M L, Jiang Y, Feng M, Chun-Gang D, G W X 2016 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 14222
Google Scholar
[16] 廖杨芳, 詹建友, 宋春红, 杨姗姗, 吕兵 2019 低温物理学报 41 191
Google Scholar
Liao Y F, Zhan J Y, Song C H, Yang S S, Lv B 2019 Low Temp. Phys. Lett. 41 191
Google Scholar
[17] Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhu X, Fu L 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1707123
Google Scholar
[18] Wan X, Chen K, Liu D 2012 Chem. Mater. 24 3906
Google Scholar
[19] Zhai T, Li H, Gan L, Ma Y, Hafeez M 2016 Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 4551
Google Scholar
[20] Feng Y, Zhou W, Wang Y, Zhou J, Liu E, Fu Y, Ni Z, Wu X, Yuan H, Miao F 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 054110
Google Scholar
[21] Liu H, Liu M, Tang R, Luo Z C, Xu W C, Luo A P, Wang F Z 2016 Opt. Eng. 55 081308
Google Scholar
[22] Guo Y H, Zhao Q Y, Yao Z H, Si K Y, Zhou Y X, Xu X L 2017 Nanotechnology 28 335602
Google Scholar
[23] Zhao Q, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Yan X, Xu X 2017 J. Colloid Interfaces Sci. 490 287
Google Scholar
[24] Li L Q, Long R, Prezhdo O V 2017 Chem. Mater. 29 2466
Google Scholar
[25] Long R, Prezhdo O V 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1996
Google Scholar
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