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Active illumination is a crucial technology for active imaging, active tracking and aiming system. But the atmosphere turbulence distributed over the entire path causes the intensity to fluctuate, which reduces the illumination uniformity seriously. Therefore, it is desirable to find ways to reduce the intensity fluctuation and improve the uniformity of active illumination. It has been revealed that one can improve illumination uniformity by using multi-beam laser illuminator. Another effective approach is partially coherent beam illumination. In this paper, a novel method is suggested to improve the illumination uniformity. Phase disturbance is induced by a ladder-like phase modulator (LPM) and the transmitting field of narrow spectrum laser is confused, and thus the atmosphere turbulence will be compensated and the illumination uniformity will be improved. The physical models of narrow spectrum laser phase modulation and atmosphere propagation are deduced, and the expression of the facular distribution is obtained. The active-illumination experimental setup with a laser propagation distance of 1.8 km through horizontal atmosphere is established. Based on the facular distribution of illumination laser at 1.8 km, the uniformity and stabilization are achieved. The experimental results indicate that the illumination uniformity and stabilization are both improved. The spatial and central time scintillation indexes are improved from 0.73 to 0.33 and from 0.38 to 0.14, respectively. -
Keywords:
- active laser illumination /
- scintillation index /
- atmosphere turbulence /
- phase modulation
[1] Higgs C, Barclay H T, Kansky J E, Murphy D V, Primmerman C A 1998 Part of the Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology Orlando, USA, April, 1998 p47
[2] 苏毅, 万敏 2004 高能激光系统 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第181页
Su Y, Wan M 2004 High Energy Laser System (Beijing: National Defense Industrial Press) p181 (in Chinese)
[3] 连天虹, 王石语, 蔡德芳, 李兵斌, 过振 2014 物理学报 63 034203
Google Scholar
Lian T H, Wang S Y, Cai D F, Li B B, Guo Z 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 034203
Google Scholar
[4] 谭毅, 耿超, 李新阳, 罗文, 罗奇 2015 物理学报 64 024216
Google Scholar
Tan Y, Geng C, Li X Y, Luo W, Luo Q 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 024216
Google Scholar
[5] 张飞舟, 李有宽 2007 光学学报 22 567
Google Scholar
Zhang F Z, Li Y K 2007 Acta Opt. Sin. 22 567
Google Scholar
[6] Peleg A, Moloney J V 2006 J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 23 3114
Google Scholar
[7] Espinola R L, Jacobs E L, Halford C E, Vollmerhausen R, Tofsted D H 2007 Opt. Exp. 15 3816
Google Scholar
[8] Redding B, Choma M A, Cao H 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 355
Google Scholar
[9] Holmes R, Rao Gudimetla V S 2019 Appl. Opt. 58 7823
Google Scholar
[10] Billman K W 1998 US Patent 5 734 504
[11] Higgs C, Barclay H T 1998 Part of the SPIE Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology Orlando, USA, April, 1998 p160
[12] Higgs C, Barclay H T 1999 Part of the SPIE Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology II Orlando, USA, April, 1999 p206
[13] 万敏, 张卫, 向汝建, 杨锐 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 0041
Wan M, Zhang W, Xiang R J, Yang R 2002 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 14 0041
[14] 李宾中, 吕百达, 万敏, 李国会, 郑捷, 张卫 2003 激光技术 27 334
Google Scholar
Li B Z, Lyu B D, Wan M, Li G H, Zheng J, Zhang W 2003 Laser Tech. 27 334
Google Scholar
[15] Qian X M, Zhu W Y, Rao R Z 2009 Opt. Exp. 17 3782
Google Scholar
[16] Poyet J M, Meyer O, Christnacher F 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2592
Google Scholar
[17] 罗文, 张建柱, 谢晓钢, 张飞舟 2016 强激光与离子束 28 071005
Google Scholar
Luo W, Zhang J Z, Xie X G, Zhang F Z 2016 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 28 071005
Google Scholar
[18] 康凯 2019 硕士学位论文 (哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学)
Kang K 2019 M. S. Thesis (Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology) (in Chinese)
[19] Peleg A, Moloney J V 2007 IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 19 883
Google Scholar
[20] Kiasaleh K 2006 J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 23 557
Google Scholar
[21] 谢晓钢, 张建柱, 岳玉芳, 安建祝, 张飞舟 2013 强激光与离子束 25 2536
Google Scholar
Xie X G, Zhang J Z, Yue Y F, An J Z, Zhang F Z 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 25 2536
Google Scholar
[22] 张建柱, 李有宽 2005 强激光与离子束 17 0901
Google Scholar
Zhang J Z, Li Y K 2005 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 17 0901
Google Scholar
[23] 张建柱, 张飞舟, 吴毅 2012 强激光与离子束 24 2318
Google Scholar
Zhang J Z, Zhang F Z, Wu Y 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 24 2318
Google Scholar
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图 1 阶梯相位调制的窄谱激光远场光斑匀化原理
Figure 1. Uniformity principle of narrow spectrum laser illumination with ladderlike phase modulating
图 2 不同湍流条件下照明光斑空间闪烁率
Figure 2. Spatial scintillation index of illumination facular in atmosphere turbulence.
图 3 不同湍流条件下照明光斑时间闪烁率
Figure 3. Time scintillation index of illumination facular in atmosphere turbulence.
图 4 实验装置示意图
Figure 4. Scheme of active illumination experiment.
图 5 1.8 km处远场光斑分布 (a), (b)无阶梯型相位调制器; (c), (d)有阶梯型相位调制器
Figure 5. Focal patterns at 1.8 km: (a), (b) No phase modulation; (c), (d) ladderlike phase modulation (LPM).
图 6 包含57%能量的光斑半径内空间闪烁率
Figure 6. Spatial scintillation index in the area of
${R_{57\% }}$ .
图 7 光斑中心像素光强百分比变化曲线
Figure 7. Time scintillation index of central intensity.
图 8 远场光斑不同大小区域的空间闪烁率
Figure 8. Spatial scintillation index in different area.
图 9 远场光斑不同大小区域的空间闪烁率改善比
Figure 9. Improving ratio of spatial scintillation index in different area.
图 10 远场光斑不同大小区域能量占比的时间闪烁率
Figure 10. Time scintillation index of energy ratio in different area.
图 11 远场光斑不同大小区域能量占比的时间闪烁率改善比
Figure 11. Improving ratio of time scintillation index of energy ratio in different area.
表 1 阶梯型相位调制器光学镜中心位置及厚度
Table 1. Central position and thickness of optic lens.
光学镜
序号中心位置 厚度 X/mm Y/mm h/mm 1 0 37.8 0 2 35.9 11.7 50.3 3 22.2 –30.6 100.6 4 –22.2 –30.6 150.9 5 –35.9 11.7 201.3 
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[1] Higgs C, Barclay H T, Kansky J E, Murphy D V, Primmerman C A 1998 Part of the Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology Orlando, USA, April, 1998 p47
[2] 苏毅, 万敏 2004 高能激光系统 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第181页
Su Y, Wan M 2004 High Energy Laser System (Beijing: National Defense Industrial Press) p181 (in Chinese)
[3] 连天虹, 王石语, 蔡德芳, 李兵斌, 过振 2014 物理学报 63 034203
Google Scholar
Lian T H, Wang S Y, Cai D F, Li B B, Guo Z 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 034203
Google Scholar
[4] 谭毅, 耿超, 李新阳, 罗文, 罗奇 2015 物理学报 64 024216
Google Scholar
Tan Y, Geng C, Li X Y, Luo W, Luo Q 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 024216
Google Scholar
[5] 张飞舟, 李有宽 2007 光学学报 22 567
Google Scholar
Zhang F Z, Li Y K 2007 Acta Opt. Sin. 22 567
Google Scholar
[6] Peleg A, Moloney J V 2006 J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 23 3114
Google Scholar
[7] Espinola R L, Jacobs E L, Halford C E, Vollmerhausen R, Tofsted D H 2007 Opt. Exp. 15 3816
Google Scholar
[8] Redding B, Choma M A, Cao H 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 355
Google Scholar
[9] Holmes R, Rao Gudimetla V S 2019 Appl. Opt. 58 7823
Google Scholar
[10] Billman K W 1998 US Patent 5 734 504
[11] Higgs C, Barclay H T 1998 Part of the SPIE Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology Orlando, USA, April, 1998 p160
[12] Higgs C, Barclay H T 1999 Part of the SPIE Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology II Orlando, USA, April, 1999 p206
[13] 万敏, 张卫, 向汝建, 杨锐 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 0041
Wan M, Zhang W, Xiang R J, Yang R 2002 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 14 0041
[14] 李宾中, 吕百达, 万敏, 李国会, 郑捷, 张卫 2003 激光技术 27 334
Google Scholar
Li B Z, Lyu B D, Wan M, Li G H, Zheng J, Zhang W 2003 Laser Tech. 27 334
Google Scholar
[15] Qian X M, Zhu W Y, Rao R Z 2009 Opt. Exp. 17 3782
Google Scholar
[16] Poyet J M, Meyer O, Christnacher F 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2592
Google Scholar
[17] 罗文, 张建柱, 谢晓钢, 张飞舟 2016 强激光与离子束 28 071005
Google Scholar
Luo W, Zhang J Z, Xie X G, Zhang F Z 2016 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 28 071005
Google Scholar
[18] 康凯 2019 硕士学位论文 (哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学)
Kang K 2019 M. S. Thesis (Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology) (in Chinese)
[19] Peleg A, Moloney J V 2007 IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 19 883
Google Scholar
[20] Kiasaleh K 2006 J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 23 557
Google Scholar
[21] 谢晓钢, 张建柱, 岳玉芳, 安建祝, 张飞舟 2013 强激光与离子束 25 2536
Google Scholar
Xie X G, Zhang J Z, Yue Y F, An J Z, Zhang F Z 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 25 2536
Google Scholar
[22] 张建柱, 李有宽 2005 强激光与离子束 17 0901
Google Scholar
Zhang J Z, Li Y K 2005 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 17 0901
Google Scholar
[23] 张建柱, 张飞舟, 吴毅 2012 强激光与离子束 24 2318
Google Scholar
Zhang J Z, Zhang F Z, Wu Y 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 24 2318
Google Scholar
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