Optimization of interfacial characteristics of antimony sulfide selenide solar cells with  double electron transport layer structure

Cao Yu; Liu Chao-Ying; Zhao Yao; Na Yan-Ling; Jiang Chong-Xu; Wang Chang-Gang; Zhou Jing; Yu Hao

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211525

Abstract

Antimony sulfide selenide thin film solar cells have drawn great interest in the field of photovoltaic due to their advantages of simple preparation method, abundant raw materials, non-toxic and stable photoelectric properties. After the development in recent years, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of antimony sulfide selenide solar cells has exceeded 10%, which has great development potential. In this work, the carrier recombination near n/i interface in antimony sulfide selenide solar cells is studied. It is found that the characteristics of the n/i interface are affected by the interfacial electron mobility and energy band structure. The improvement of the interface electron mobility can make the electrons more effectively transferred to the electron transport layer, and realize the effective improvement of the short circuit current density and fill factor of the device. Moreover, the introduction of ZnO/Zn_1–xMg_xO double electron transport layer structure can further optimize the performance of antimony sulfide selenide solar cells. The change of Zn_1–xMg_xO energy level position can adjust the energy level distribution of the interface and light absorption layer simultaneously. When the conduction band energy level of Zn_1–xMg_xO is –4.2 eV and the corresponding Mg content is 20%, the effect of restraining the carrier recombination is the most obvious, and the antimony sulfide selenide solar cell also obtains the best device performance. Finally, under the ideal condition of removing the defect state, the antimony sulfide selenide solar cells with 600 nm in thickness can achieve 20.77% theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency. The research results provide theoretical and technical support for further optimizing and developing the antimony sulfide selenide solar cells.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education (Northeast Electric Power University), Jilin 132012, China
2.
School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
3.
China Railway Design Corporation, Tianjin 300308, China
4.
National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, Tianjin 300308, China
5.
School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China

Corresponding author: Wang Chang-Gang, wangcg@neepu.edu.cn ; Yu Hao, 20182828@neepu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Open Project Fund of National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit (Grant No. 2021HJ05) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51772049).

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Cited By

图 1 Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃太阳电池的结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cell structure.

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图 2 不同n/i界面电子迁移率硫硒化锑太阳电池的器件性能　(a)开路电压; (b) 短路电流密度; (c) 填充因子; (d)转换效率

Figure 2. Device performance of the Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cells with different electron mobilities at n/i interface: (a) V_oc; (b) J_sc; (c) FF; (d) PCE.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 不同n/i界面电子迁移率硫硒化锑太阳电池的器件特性　(a) 电子浓度分布; (b) 载流子复合率分布

Figure 3. Device performance of the Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cells with different electron mobilities at n/i interface: (a) Electron density distribution; (b) carrier recombination rate distribution.

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图 4 不同Zn_1–xMg_xO层导带能级硫硒化锑太阳电池的器件性能　(a) J-V曲线; (b) 能带图; (c) 电子浓度分布; (d) 载流子复合率分布

Figure 4. Device performance of the Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cells with different conduction band energy levels of Zn_1–xMg_xO layer: (a) J-V curves; (b) energy band diagram; (c) electron density distribution; (d) carrier recombination rate distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 不同Zn_1–xMg_xO层导带能级硫硒化锑太阳电池的PCE; (b) 单电子传输层与双电子传输层硫硒化锑太阳电池的性能对比

Figure 5. (a) PCE of the Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cells with different conduction band energy levels of Zn_1–xMg_xO layer; (b) PCE comparison of Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cells with single and double electron transport layers.

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图 6 ZnO/Zn_0.8Mg_0.2O双电子传输层硫硒化锑太阳电池能级示意图

Figure 6. Energy levels diagram of the Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cell with ZnO/Zn_0.8Mg_0.2O electron transport layer.

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图 7 ZnO/Zn_0.8Mg_0.2O双电子传输层硫硒化锑太阳电池的器件性能　(a) J-V曲线; (b) 量子效率图

Figure 7. Device performance of the Sb₂(S_0.7Se_0.3)₃ solar cells with ZnO/Zn_0.8Mg_0.2O double electron transport layers: (a) J-V curve; (b) quantum efficiency spectrum.

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表 1 不同Zn_1–xMg_xO层导带能级硫硒化锑太阳电池的器件性能参数

Table 1. Device performance of Sb₂(S_1–xSe_x)₃ solar cells with different conduction band energy levels of Zn_1–xMg_xO layer.

导带能级/eV V_oc/V J_sc/(mA·cm^–2) FF/% PCE/%

–4.0 1.08 17.27 60.44 11.23
–4.2 1.08 17.73 61.28 11.70
–4.4 1.08 17.42 58.10 10.90
–4.6 1.07 16.94 54.39 9.83

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[1]	Righetto M, Lim S S, Giovanni D, Lim J W M, Zhang Q, Ramesh S, Tay Y K E, Sum T C 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 1
[2]	Metzger W K, Grover S, Lu D, Colegrove E, Moseley J, Perkins C L, Li X, Mallick R, Zhang W, Malik R, Kephart J, Jiang C S, Kuciauskas D, Albin D S, Al-Jassim M M, Xiong G, Gloeckler M 2019 Nat. Energy. 4 837 Google Scholar
[3]	曹宇, 蒋家豪, 刘超颖, 凌同, 孟丹, 周静, 刘欢, 王俊尧 2021 物理学报 70 128802 Google Scholar Cao Y, Jiang J H, Liu C Y, Ling T, Meng D, Zhou J, Liu H, Wang J Y 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 128802 Google Scholar
[4]	Birant G, Wild J De, Kohl T, Buldu D G, Brammertz G, Meuris M, Poortmans J, Vermang B 2020 Sol. Energy 207 1002 Google Scholar
[5]	Chen Y, Song K, Xu X L, Yao G, Wu Z Y 2020 Sol. Energy 195 121 Google Scholar
[6]	Li D B, Bista S S, Song Z N, Awni R A, Subedi K K, Shrestha N, Pradhan P, Chen L, Bastola E, Grice C R, Phillips A B, Heben M J, Ellingson R J, Yan Y F 2020 Nano Energy 73 104835 Google Scholar
[7]	Wang Y R, Gu S, Liu G L, Zhang L P, Liu Z, Lin R X, Xiao K, Luo X, Shi J H, Du J L, Meng F Y, Li L D, Liu Z X, Tan H R 2021 Sci. China Chem. 64 1
[8]	Cao Y, Zhu X Y, Jiang J H, Liu C Y, Zhou J, Ni J, Zhang J J, Pang J B 2020 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 206 110279 Google Scholar
[9]	Zhou J, Chen H B, Zhang X T, Chi K L, Cai Y M, Cao Y, Pang J B 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 862 158703 Google Scholar
[10]	薛丁江, 石杭杰, 唐江 2015 物理学报 64 038406 Google Scholar Xue D J, Shi H J, Tang J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 038406 Google Scholar
[11]	Li K H, Li F, Chen C, Jiang P F, Lu S C, Wang S Y, Lu Y, Tu G L, Guo J J, Shui L Q, Liu Z, Song B X, Tang J 2021 Nano Energy 86 106101 Google Scholar
[12]	Lian W T, Jiang C H, Yin Y W, Tang R F, Li G, Zhang L J, Che B, Chen T 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 1 Google Scholar
[13]	Lee S J, Sung S J, Yang K J, Kang J K, Kim J Y, Do Y S, Kim D H 2020 ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3 12644 Google Scholar
[14]	Luo J T, Xiong W, Liang G X, Liu Y K, Yang H Z, Zheng Z H, Zhang X H, Fan P, Chen S 2020 J. Alloys Compd. 826 154235 Google Scholar
[15]	Xiao Y P, Wang H P, Kuang H 2020 Opt. Mater. 108 110414 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang X M, Tang R F, Jiang C H, Lian W T, Ju H X, Jiang G S, Li Z Q, Zhu C F, Chen T 2020 Adv. Energy Mater. 10 2002341 Google Scholar
[17]	Li Z Q, Liang X Y, Li G, Liu H X, Zhang H Y, Guo J X, Chen J W, Shen K, San X Y, Yu W, Schropp R E I, Mai Y H 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1 Google Scholar
[18]	Islam M T, Thakur A K 2020 Sol. Energy 202 304 Google Scholar
[19]	Ning H, Guo H F, Zhang J Y, Wang X, Jia X G, Qiu J H, Yuan N Y, Ding J N 2021 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 221 110816 Google Scholar
[20]	Cai Z H, Dai C M, Chen S Y 2020 Sol. RRL 4 1900503 Google Scholar
[21]	Ishaq M, Chen S, Farooq U, Azam M, Deng H, Su Z H, Zheng Z H, Fan P, Song H S, Liang G X 2020 Sol. RRL 4 2000551 Google Scholar
[22]	Lei H W, Chen J J, Tan Z J, Fang G J 2019 Sol. RRL 3 1900026 Google Scholar
[23]	Cao Y, Liu C Y, Jiang J H, Zhu X Y, Zhou J, Ni J, Zhang J J, Pang J B, Rummeli M H, Zhou J W, Liu H, Cuniberti G 2021 Sol. RRL 5 2000800 Google Scholar
[24]	Yang B, Qin S K, Xue D J, Chen C, He YS, Niu D M, Huang H, Tang J 2017 Prog. Photovolt:Res. Appl. 25 113 Google Scholar
[25]	Wu C Y, Zhang L J, Ding H H, Ju H X, Jin X, Wang X M, Zhu C F, Chen T 2018 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 183 52 Google Scholar
[26]	Lu S C, Zhao Y, Wen X X, Xue D J, Chen C, Li K H, Kondrotas R, Wang C, Tang J 2019 Sol. RRL 3 1800280 Google Scholar
[27]	Tang R F, Wang X M, Lian W T, Huang J L, Wei Q, Huang M L, Yin Y W, Jiang C H, Yang S F, Xing G C, Chen S Y, Zhu C F, Hao X J, Green M A, Chen T 2020 Nat. Energy. 5 587 Google Scholar
[28]	Li K H, Lu Y, Ke X X, Li S, Lu S C, Wang C, Wang S Y, Chen C, Tang J 2020 Sol. RRL 4 2000220 Google Scholar
[29]	曹宇, 祝新运, 陈翰博, 王长刚, 张鑫童, 侯秉东, 申明仁, 周静 2018 物理学报 67 247301 Google Scholar Cao Y, Zhu X X, Chen H B, Wang C G, Zhang X T, Hou B D, Shen M R, Zhou J 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 247301 Google Scholar
[30]	Weng T F, Yan M, Yu X, Qiao Q, Zhou Y T, Li Z H, Wei J, Yu X M 2021 Opt. Mater. 121 111516 Google Scholar
[31]	Wang W H, Wang X M, Chen G L, Chen B W, Cai H L, Chen T, Chen S Y, Huang Z G, Zhu C F, Zhang Y 2018 Sol. RRL 2 1800208 Google Scholar
[32]	Ishaq M, Deng H, Yuan S J, Zhang H, Khan J, Farooq U, Song H S, Tang J 2018 Sol. RRL 2 1800144 Google Scholar
[33]	Gharibshahian I, Orouji A A, Sharbati S 2020 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 212 110581 Google Scholar
[34]	Li K H, Kondrotas R, Chen C, Lu S C, Wen X X, Li D B, Luo J J, Zhao Y, Tang J 2018 Sol. Energy 167 10 Google Scholar
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[36]	Cao Y, Zhu X Y, Chen H B, Zhang X T, Zhou J, Hu Z Y, Pang J B 2019 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 200 109945 Google Scholar
[37]	Chen C, Tang J 2020 ACS Energy Lett. 5 2294 Google Scholar

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