Chiral optical transport of quantum dots with different diamagnetic behaviors in a waveguide

Shi Shu-Shu; Xiao Shan; Xu Xiu-Lai

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211858

Abstract

In order to realize scalable and integrated quantum photonic networks, various functional devices are highly desired. Strip waveguides with unidirectional transmission function have a wide range of applications in devices such as single-photon diodes, transistors and deterministic quantum gate devices. In this work, the separation of circularly polarized light is achieved by exciting a quantum dot light source in a central region of a waveguide at a low temperature of 4.2 K by using a confocal microscope system. By applying a magnetic field with Faraday configuration (along with the quantum dot growth direction), the spin-momentum locking effect in the waveguide is verified. Both forward shift and reverse shift of different values of output photon energy are demonstrated to show the unidirectional transmission of the waveguide. The chiral transmission of quantum dot with anomalous diamagnetic behavior is achieved in experiment, leading to a wider range of wavelength tuning for chrial transmission in a single waveguide. This paper provides a basis for investigating the chiral quantum devices in a wide wavelength range and expands the applications of waveguides in the field of optical quantum information.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China

Corresponding author: Xu Xiu-Lai, xlxu@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA1400700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62025507, 11934019, 11721404, 11874419), the Guangdong Provincial Key Area R&D Program, China (Grant No. 2018B03032900), and the Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Special Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB28000000)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 条形波导的结构和量子点的能级示意图　(a)条形波导的SEM图像, 实验中激光激发波导中心区域的量子点, 并从左右两侧光栅耦合器分别收集量子点的荧光; 右边的插图为波导中心区域横截面中量子点分布的示意图; (b)量子点能级的Zeeman分裂示意图, Zeeman分裂导致了两支极化相反的圆偏振光σ^－和σ⁺的产生.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the strip waveguide and the energy levels of a quantum dot (QD). (a) SEM image of a strip waveguide. In the experiment, the QDs in the central area of the waveguide were excited by the laser, and the photoluminescence (PL) spetra of the QDs were collected from the left and right grating couplers, respectively. Illustration on the right is the schematic diagram of QDs distributed in the central area of the cross section of the waveguide. (b) Zeeman splitting of the QD energy levels. Zeeman splitting results in two branches of circularly polarized light with opposite polarization σ^－ and σ⁺.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 正常抗磁行为量子点的手性传输实验结果　(a) 施加0—8 T的磁场, 从左右两侧光栅耦合器分别收集到的量子点激子态的圆极化荧光光谱; (b) 随磁场变化的荧光光谱的峰值; (c) 激子态的Zeeman分裂随磁场的变化和对应的g因子; (d)激子态劈裂峰的能量平均值随磁场的变化和对应的抗磁系数.

Figure 2. Experimental results of chiral transport of QDs with normal diamagnetic behavior: (a) Circularly polarized PL spectra of excitonic states of QDs collected from the left and right grating couplers by applying a magnetic field from 0 T to 8 T, respectively; (b) PL peak energies as a function of an applied magnetic field; (c) Zeeman splitting of the exciton state with a magnetic field and the corresponding g-factor; (d) average energy of the splitting peaks with a magnetic field and the corresponding diamagnetic coefficient.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 反常磁行为量子点的手性传输实验结果　(a) 施加0—8 T的磁场, 从左右两侧光栅耦合器分别收集到的量子点激子态的圆极化荧光光谱; (b) 随磁场变化的荧光光谱的峰值; (c) 激子态的Zeeman分裂随磁场的变化和对应的g因子; (d)激子态劈裂峰的能量平均值随磁场的变化和对应的抗磁系数.

Figure 3. Experimental results of chiral transport of QDs with anomalous diamagnetic behavior: (a) Circularly polarized PL spectra of excitonic states of QDs collected from the left and right grating couplers by applying a magnetic field from 0 T to 8 T, respectively; (b) PL peak energies as a function of an applied magnetic field; (c) Zeeman splitting of the exciton state with a magnetic field and the corresponding g-factor; (d) average energy of the splitting peaks with a magnetic field and the corresponding diamagnetic coefficient.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 不同量子点的手性对比度　(a)正常抗磁行为量子点的手性对比度随磁场的变化; (b)反常抗磁行为量子点的手性对比度随磁场的变化.

Figure 4. Chiral contrast for different QDs: (a) Variation of chiral contrast with a magnetic field for the QD with a normal diamagnetic behavior; (b) variation of chiral contrast with a magnetic field for the QD with an anomalous diamagnetic behavior.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Bennett C H, DiVincenzo D P 2000 Nature 404 247 Google Scholar
[2]	Monroe C 2002 Nature 416 238 Google Scholar
[3]	Northup T E, Blatt R 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 356 Google Scholar
[4]	Kues M, Reimer C, Roztocki P, Cortés L R, Sciara S, Wetzel B, Zhang Y, Cino A, Chu S T, Little B E, Moss D J, L Caspani, Azaña J, Morandotti R 2017 Nature 546 622 Google Scholar
[5]	Lodahl P, Mahmoodian S, Stobbe S, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P, Volz J, Pichler H, Zoller P 2017 Nature 541 473 Google Scholar
[6]	Petersen J, Volz J, Rauschenbeutel A 2014 Science 346 67 Google Scholar
[7]	Mitsch R, Sayrin C, Albrecht B, Schneeweiss P, Rauschenbeutel A 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5713 Google Scholar
[8]	Söllner I, Mahmoodian S, Hansen S L, Midolo L, Javadi A, Kiršanskė G, Pregnolato T, El-Ella H, Lee E H, Song J D, Stobbe S, Lodahl P 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 775 Google Scholar
[9]	Mehrabad M J, Foster A P, Dost R, Fox A M, Skolnick M S, Wilson L R 2020 Optica 7 1690 Google Scholar
[10]	Rodríguez-Fortuño F J, Barber-Sanz I, Puerto D, Griol A, Martínez A 2014 ACS Photonics 1 762 Google Scholar
[11]	Tang L, Tang J, Zhang W, Lu G, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xia K, Xiao M 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 043833 Google Scholar
[12]	Mahmoodian S, Prindal-Nielsen K, Söllner I, Søren S, Peter L 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 43 Google Scholar
[13]	Coles R, Price D, Dixon J, Royall B, Clarke E, Kok P, Skolnick M, Fox A M, Makhonin M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11183 Google Scholar
[14]	Barik S, Karasahin A, Flower C, Cai T, Miyake H, DeGottardi W, Hafezi M, Waks E 2018 Science 359 666 Google Scholar
[15]	Xiao S, Wu S Y, Xie X, Yang J N, Wei W Q, Shi S S, Song F L, Sun S B, Dang J C, Yang L L, Wang Y N, Zuo Z C, Wang T, Zhang J J, Xu X L 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 118 091106 Google Scholar
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[19]	Javadi A, Söllner I, Arcari M, Hansen S L, Midolo L, Mahmoodian S, Kiršanskė G, Pregnolato T, Lee E H, Song J D, Stobbe S, Lodahl P 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8655 Google Scholar
[20]	Javadi A, Ding D P, Appel M H, Mahmoodian S, Löbl M C, Söllner I, Schott R, Papon C, Pregnolato T, Stobbe S, Midolo L, Schröder T, Wieck A D, Ludwig A, Warburton R, Lodahl P 2018 Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 398 Google Scholar
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[29]	Gao W B, Fallahi P, Togan E, Miguel-Sánchez J, Imamoglu A 2012 Nature 491 426 Google Scholar
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[32]	Qian C J, Xie X, Yang J N, Peng K, Wu S Y, Song F L, Sun S B, Dang J C, Yu Y, Steer M J, Thayne I G, Jin K J, Gu C Z, Xu X L 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 087401 Google Scholar
[33]	Jun L, Qiong W, Le-Man K, Hao-Sheng Z 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 030313 Google Scholar
[34]	Wu S Y, Peng K, Xie X, Yang J N, Xiao S, Song F L, Dang J N, Sun S B, Yang L L, Wang Y N, Shi S S, He J J, Zuo Z C, Xu X L 2020 Phys. Rev. Appl. 14 014049 Google Scholar
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[39]	Bayer M, Walck S N, Reinecke T L, Forchel A 1998 Phys. Rev. B 57 6584 Google Scholar
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[41]	Glazov M M, Ivchenko E L, Krebs O, Kowalik K, Voisin P 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 193313 Google Scholar
[42]	Tsai M F, Lin H, Lin C H, Lin S D, Wang S Y, Lo M C, Cheng S J, Lee M C, Chang W H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 267402 Google Scholar

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