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Mid-infrared band 3–5
${\text{μm}}$ laser light source has important applications in many fields such as medical treatment, basic science, communication, and industry. Owing to the limitation to available efficient gain media in the mid-infrared band, the traditional methods of generating and amplifying lasers , such as regenerative amplification, are no longer applicable. In order to produce broadband and high-energy mid-infrared laser, in this work we combine quasi-phase matching technology and chirped periodically polarized lithium niobate (CPPLN) crystal for theoretical analysis and numerical design. The second-order nonlinear difference-frequency generation (DFG) process is used to implement the generation of mid-infrared laser via CPPLN. In the differential frequency process, the pump light used is 800 nm in wavelength and the wavelength range of signal light is 0.95–1.6${\text{μm}}$ . By calculating the dispersion curve of CPPLN crystal, the phase mismatch of difference frequency generation processes with different light signals is obtained. Under the condition of quasi-phase matching, the CPPLN with deliberately poling structures is designed and used to provide phase mismatch compensation in a broad bandwidth. The designed structure can meet the generation of mid infrared laser in a 1.6–5$ {\text{μm}} $ band according to the numerical simulations. The conversion efficiencies of mid-infrared laser with different wavelengths at different positions in the crystal are obtained by using nonlinear coupled wave equations and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the mid-infrared laser in a wavelength range of 1.6–5$ {\text{μm}} $ can be produced efficiently in a single CPPLN crystal, with an average conversion efficiency of about 15%. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation for the designed CPPLN crystal can provide good schematic reference and theoretical support for further experimental exploration on generation of mid-infrared laser.-
Keywords:
- nonlinear optics /
- quasi phase matching /
- chirped periodically polarized lithium niobate /
- ultra-broadband mid infrared light source
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图 1 不同波长信号光差频得到的中红外激光波长
Figure 1. Mid infrared laser wavelength obtained by optical difference frequency with different signal light wavelengths.
图 2 不同波长中红外激光产生所需要对应的(a)极化周期和(b)相位失配量
Figure 2. The corresponding (a) polarization period and (b) phase mismatch required for mid infrared laser generation at different wavelengths.
图 3 啁啾周期极化铌酸锂晶体的倒格矢分布与中红外激光产生的相位失配量
Figure 3. Combined plots of the reverse lattice vector distribution of chirped periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal and phase mismatch of mid infrared laser generation.
图 4 准相位匹配过程中非线性晶体内部各光波的光场随着相互作用距离的演化
Figure 4. In the process of quasi phase matching, the light field of each light wave in the nonlinear crystal evolves with increase of the interaction distance.
图 5 CPPLN晶体中差频转换过程示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of differential frequency conversion process in CPPLN crystal.
图 6 中红外激光在CPPLN晶体中不同位置的转换效率 (a) 2 mm;(b) 5 mm; (c) 10 mm; (d) 15 mm; (e) 20 mm
Figure 6. The conversion efficiency of mid infrared laser at: (a) 2 mm;(b) 5 mm; (c) 10 mm; (d) 15 mm; (e) 20 mm of the CPPLN crystal.
图 7 不同波长中红外激光在CPPLN晶体中所有位置的转换效率
Figure 7. The conversion efficiency of mid infrared laser with different wavelengths at all positions in CPPLN crystal.
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[1] Ren T W, Wu C T, Yu Y G, Dai T Y, Chen F, Pan Q K 2021 Appl. Sci. 11 11451
Google Scholar
[2] Du Z H, Zhang S, Li J Y, Gao N, Tong K B 2019 Appl. Sci. 9 338
Google Scholar
[3] Pan Q K 2015 Chin. Opt. 8 557
Google Scholar
[4] 钱俊宇, 彭宇杰, 李妍妍, 黎文开, 冯壬誉, 沈丽雅, 冷雨欣 2021 红外与激光工程 50 20210456
Google Scholar
Qian J Y, Peng Y J, Li Y Y, Li W K, Feng R Y, Shen L Y, Leng Y X 2021 Infrared Laser Engineer. 50 20210456
Google Scholar
[5] Maiman T H 1960 Nature 187 493
Google Scholar
[6] Franken P A, Hill A E, Peters C W, Weinreich G 1961 Phys. Rev. Lett. 7 118
Google Scholar
[7] Ghimire S, Reis D A 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 10
Google Scholar
[8] Armstrong J A, Bloembergen N, Docuing J, Pershan P S 1962 Phys. Rev. 127 1918
Google Scholar
[9] Shen Y R 1984 The Principles of Nonlinear Optics (New York: Wiley)
[10] Masters B R, Boyd R W 2009 Nonlinear Optics (3rd Ed.) (Academic Press)
[11] Markov A, Mazhorova A, Breitenborn H, Bruhacs A, Clerici M, Modotto D, Jedrkiewicz O, Trapani di P, Major A, Vidal F, Morandotti R 2018 Opt. Express 26 4448
Google Scholar
[12] Ishizuki H, Taira T, Kurimura S, Ro J H, Cha M 2003 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 L108
Google Scholar
[13] Lin L L, Li Z Y, Ho K M 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 811
Google Scholar
[14] Li J J, Li Z Y, and Zhang D Z 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 195127
Google Scholar
[15] Vidal X, Martorell J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 013902
Google Scholar
[16] Sheng Y, Dou J, Ma B, Cheng B, Zhang D 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 011101
Google Scholar
[17] Suchowski H, Oron D, Arie A, Silberberg Y 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 063821
Google Scholar
[18] Margules P, Moses J, Suchowski H, Porat G 2021 J. Phys. Photonics 3 022011
Google Scholar
[19] Chen B Q, Zhang C, Liu R J, Li Z Y 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 151106
Google Scholar
[20] Arie A, Voloch N, Periodic 2010 Laser Photonics Rev., 4 355. Zhang Y, Sheng Y, Zhu S N, Xiao M, Krolikowski W 2021 Optica 8 372
Google Scholar
[21] Vyunishev A M, Arkhipkin V G 2020 Laser Phys. 30 045401
Google Scholar
[22] Chen B Q, Hong L H, Hu C Y, Zhang C, Liu R J, Li Z Y 2018 J. Opt. 20 034009
Google Scholar
[23] Hu C Y, Li Z Y 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 121 123110
Google Scholar
[24] Chen B Q, Ren M L, Liu R J, Zhang C, Sheng Y, Ma B Q, Li Z Y 2014 Light Sci. Appl. 3 e189
Google Scholar
[25] Chen B Q, Zhang C, Hu C Y, Liu R J, Li Z Y 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 83902
Google Scholar
[26] Chen B Q, Hong L H, Hu C Y, Li Z Y 2021 Research 2021 1
[27] Zelmon D E, Small D L, Jundt D 1997 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14 3319
Google Scholar
[28] Deng C G, Ye L X, He C J, Xu G S, Zhai Q X, Luo H S, Liu Y W, Bell A J 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2103013
Google Scholar
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