Aberration correction of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system

Sun Sheng; Wang Chao; Shi Hao-Dong; Fu Qiang; Li Ying-Chao

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20220946

Abstract

According to the requirements for broadband simultaneous polarization high-resolution imaging, a divided-aperture simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging system based on reflective free-form surface optical system and digital micro-mirror device is proposed. It has the advantages of wide working wavelength band, simultaneous imaging of multiple polarization states, single detector, high resolution and lightweight. The aberration correction principle and design optimization method of the optical structure for this imaging system are given. The Wassermann-Wolf theory is further developed, and the reflective Wassermann-Wolf differential equations that eliminate a variety of aberrations are derived. At the same time, combined with Seidel aberration theory and using iterative method, the distortion elimination boundary condition is added when solving the Wassermann-Wolf equation. Through the iterative method, the optical initial structure is obtained, which can correct spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and distortion at the same time. The initial structure is subjected to off-axis treatment and further optimized, and the user-defined optimization evaluation function is written to strictly control the position of the light falling point of each sub aperture and each field of view on the middle image plane and the final image plane, so as to effectively suppress the distortion in the final system and avoid the mismatch error between the mirror element and the pixel in the process of super-resolution reconstruction. The reconstruction quality can be improved. Finally, the design of the four-sub-aperture free-form surface off-axis reflective super-resolution imaging optical system is completed, which possesses a large relative aperture (F# = 2.5) and compact structure. The imaging quality of each polarization channel is close to the diffraction limit. The above aberration correction principle and the image quality optimization method can effectively guide the design of the wide band simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China

Corresponding author: Wang Chao, Nicklo19992009@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61805028, 61805027, 61705019, 61701045), the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61890960), and the Open Fund for State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, China (Grant No. SKLA02020001A11).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 分孔径离轴同时偏振超分辨率成像系统组成图

Figure 1. Composition diagram of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging system.

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图 2 同轴两反W-W模型

Figure 2. W-W model of coaxial two-mirror system.

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图 3 中继反射系统初始结构求解流程图

Figure 3. Initial structure design flow chart of relay reflection optical system.

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图 4 像面处光线理想落点

Figure 4. Ideal light spot at the image plane.

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图 5 分孔径离轴同时偏振超分辨率成像光学系统光路图

Figure 5. Layout of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system.

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图 6 DMD微镜处于关状态时光线走向示意

Figure 6. Direction of the light when the DMD micro-mirror is off

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图 7 望远物镜MTF曲线图(T代表子午方向, S代表弧矢方向)　(a) 子孔径1; (b) 子孔径2; (c) 子孔径3; (d) 子孔径4

Figure 7. MTF of Long-range objective: (a) Sub-aperture 1; (b) sub-aperture 2; (c) sub-aperture 3; (d) sub-aperture 4.

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图 13 全系统网格畸变　(a) 子孔径1; (b) 子孔径2; (c) 子孔径3; (d) 子孔径4

Figure 13. Grid Distortion: (a) Sub-aperture 1; (b) sub-aperture 2; (c) sub-aperture 3; (d) sub-aperture 4.

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图 8 中继反射系统像质评价　(a) 光路图; (b) MTF; (c) 点列图; (d) 网格畸变

Figure 8. Image quality evaluation of relay reflection optical system: (a) Layout; (b) MTF; (c) spot diagram; (d) grid distortion.

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图 9 分孔径离轴同时偏振超分辨率成像光学系统调制传递函数　(a) 子孔径1; (b) 子孔径2; (c) 子孔径3; (d) 子孔径4

Figure 9. MTF of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system: (a) Sub-aperture 1; (b) sub-aperture 2; (c) sub-aperture 3; (d) sub-aperture 4.

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图 10 分孔径离轴同时偏振超分辨率成像光学系统光迹分布图　(a) DMD处; (b) 像面处

Figure 10. Footprint diagram of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system: (a) At the DMD plane; (b) at the image plane.

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图 11 分孔径离轴同时偏振超分辨率成像光学系统点列图　(a) 子孔径1; (b) 子孔径2; (c) 子孔径3; (d) 子孔径4

Figure 11. Spot diagram of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system: (a) Sub-aperture 1; (b) sub-aperture 2; (c) sub-aperture 3; (d) sub-aperture 4.

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图 12 分孔径离轴同时偏振超分辨率成像光学系统光线像差曲线图　(a) 子孔径1; (b) 子孔径2; (c) 子孔径3; (d) 子孔径4

Figure 12. Ray aberration of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system: (a) Sub-aperture 1; (b) sub-aperture 2; (c) sub-aperture 3; (d) sub-aperture 4.

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表 1 分孔径离轴同时偏振超分辨率成像光学系统指标

Table 1. Specification of aperture-divided off-axis simultaneous polarization super-resolution imaging optical system

Parameter	Specification
Effective focal length	100 mm
Entrance pupil diameter	40 mm
Field of view	2.70° × 2.00°
F number	2.5
Wavelength	3—14 μm
MTF	> 0.4@20 lp/mm
Pixel number and size of detector	384 × 288; 25 μm
Pixel number and size of DMD	1536 × 1152; 10.8 μm

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 次镜和三镜的面形数据点

Table 2. Profile data points of M₁ and M₂.

N	z₁	y₁	z₂	y₂
1	–0.008126	2.5	0.046	3.549
2	–0.018	3.75	0.104	5.324
3	–0.026	4.499	0.15	6.389
4	–0.073	7.497	0.415	10.647
5	–0.129	9.994	0.739	14.195
···	···	···	···	···

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表 3 镜头参数

Table 3. Lens parameters

Surface	Surface type	Radius/mm	Thickness/mm
Objective	Free-form surface	–301.483	–150
M₁	Free-form surface	–439.79	150
M₂	Free-form surface	180	–144.122

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表 4 光学系统的公差分配

Table 4. Tolerance distribution of optical system.

公差类型	公差名称	望远物镜	次镜M₂	三镜M₃	公差类型	公差名称	望远物镜	次镜M₂	三镜M₃
装调公差	x方向位移/mm x 方向倾斜/(′)	— —	0.08 1/3	0.1 1/2	加工公差	曲率半径/mm	0.2	0.3	0.3
	y方向位移/mm y 方向倾斜/(′)	— —	0.08 1/3	0.08 1/3		二次曲面系数	0.1%	0.07%	0.2%
	z方向位移/mm z 方向倾斜/(′)	— —	0.2 1/4	0.2 2/3		RMS表面误差 (λ＝ 632.8 nm)	λ/50	λ/50	λ/50

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	聂劲松, 汪震 2006 红外技术 28 63 Google Scholar Nie J S, Wang Z 2006 Infrared Technol. 28 63 Google Scholar
[2]	周强国, 黄志明, 周炜 2021 红外技术 43 817 Zhou Q G, Huang Z M, Zhou W 2021 Infrared Technol. 43 817
[3]	尹佳琪 2021 博士学位论文 (上海: 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所) Yin J Q 2021 Ph. D. Dissertation (ShangHai: Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[4]	贾春辉 2019 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安工业大学) Jia C H 2019 M. S. Thesis (Xi’an: Xi’an Technological University) (in Chinese)
[5]	Pezzaniti J L, Chenault D B 2005 Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing II San Diego, CA, USA, August 2, 2005 p58880V-1-12
[6]	Moultrie S, Roche M, Lompado A Chenault D 2007 Proc. SPIE 6682 66820B Google Scholar
[7]	Leon E D, Brandt R, Phenis A, Virgen M 2007 Proc. SPIE 6682 668215 Google Scholar
[8]	贺虎成, 季轶群, 周建康, 赵知诚, 沈为民 2013 光学学报 33 0622005 He H C, Ji Z Q, Zhou J K, Zhao Z C, Shen W M 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0622005
[9]	王琪, 梁静秋, 梁中翥, 吕金光, 王维彪, 秦余欣, 王洪亮 2018 中国光学 11 92 Google Scholar Wang Q, Liang J Q, Liang Z Z, Lu J G, Wang W B, Qin Y X, Wang H L 2018 Chin. Opt. 11 92 Google Scholar
[10]	刘尊辈, 蔡毅, 刘福平, 马俊卉, 张猛蛟, 王岭雪 2021 中国光学 14 1476 Google Scholar Liu Z B, Cai Y, Liu F P, Ma J B, Zhang M J, Wang L X 2021 Chin. Opt. 14 1476 Google Scholar
[11]	储君秋 2021 博士学位论文 (成都: 中国科学院光电技术研究所) Chu J Q 2021 Ph. D. Dissertation (ChengDu: Institute of Optics and Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[12]	王超, 张雅琳, 姜会林, 李英超, 江伦, 付强, 韩龙 2017 激光与红外 47 791 Google Scholar Wang C, Zhang Y L, Jiang H L, Li Y C, Jiang L, Fu Q, Han L 2017 Laser and Infrared 47 791 Google Scholar
[13]	李淑军, 姜会林, 朱京平, 段锦, 付强, 付跃刚, 董科研 2013 中国光学 6 803 Google Scholar Li S J, Jiang H L, Zhu J P, Duan J, Fu Q, Fu Y G, Dong K Y 2013 Chin. Opt. 6 803 Google Scholar
[14]	孙永强, 胡源, 王月旗, 王祺, 付跃刚 2019 光学学报 39 0311001 Sun Y Q, Hu Y, Wang Y Q, Wang Q, Fu Y G 2019 Acta Opt. Sin. 39 0311001
[15]	袁影, 王晓蕊, 吴雄雄, 穆江浩, 张艳 2017 红外与激光工程 46 0824001 Yuan Y, Wang X R, Wu X X, Mu J H, Zhang Y 2017 Infrared Laser Eng. 46 0824001
[16]	Wassermann G D, Wolf E 1949 Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B 62 2 Google Scholar
[17]	徐奉刚, 黄玮, 徐明飞 2016 光学学报 36 238 Xu F G, Huang W, Xu M F 2016 Acta Opt. Sin. 36 238
[18]	陈兴涛, 苏宙平, 张杨柳, 胡立发 2022 光学学报 42 0108001 Chen X T, Su Z P, Zhang Y L, Hu L F 2022 Acta Opt. Sin. 42 0108001
[19]	Kirpatrick S, Gelatt C D, Vecchi M P 1983 Science 220 671 Google Scholar
[20]	陈杨, 王跃明 2013 光学学报 33 0222003 Chen Y, Wang Y M 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0222003
[21]	赵宇宸, 何欣, 张凯, 刘强, 崔永鹏, 孟庆宇 2018 红外与激光工程 47 0718004 Zhao Y H, He X, Zhang K, Liu Q, Cui Y P, Meng Q Y 2018 Infrared Laser Eng. 47 0718004
[22]	Zhang B, Jin G, Zhu J 2021 Light Sci. Appl. 10 65 Google Scholar
[23]	Bauer A, Schiesser E M Rolland J P 2018 Light Sci. Appl. 9 1756 Google Scholar

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