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It has been more than 70 years since the first anti-ferroelectric was discovered. Its unique electric-field-induced phase transition behavior shows great potential applications in the fields of energy storage, electrocaloric, negative capacitance, thermal switching, etc. With the development of advanced synthesis technology and the trend of miniaturization and integration of devices, high-quality functional oxide films have received more and more attention. A large number of studies have shown that anti-ferroelectric thin film exhibits more novel properties than bulk, but it also faces more challenges, such as the disappearance of antiferroelectricity under a critical thickness induced by size effect. In this paper, we review the development history of lead zirconate-based anti-ferroelectric thin films, and discuss their structures, phase transitions and applications. We hope that this paper can attract more researchers to pay attention to the development of anti-ferroelectric thin films, so as to develop more new materials and explore new applications.
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Keywords:
- antiferoelectrric /
- lead zirconate /
- stucture /
- applications
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图 2 Pb(Zr, Ti)O3[46] (a)和(Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3[47] (b)的二元相图; Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr, Sn, Ti)0.98O3[48] (c)和(Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O3 [48] (d)的三元相图
Figure 2. Binary phase diagram for Pb(Zr, Ti)O3[46] (a) and (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3[47] (b); ternary phase diagram for Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr, Sn, Ti)0.98O3 [48] (c) and Pb0.97La0.02(Zr, Sn, Ti)O3[48] (d).
图 3 (a) 改变电子束辐照时间同一区域PZO薄膜的相变行为[54]; (b) 从(001)和(042)取向PZO薄膜中铅离子位移提取的极化构型[11]; (c) 不同生长氧压 (120, 80和45 mTorr, 1 Torr = 133.32 Pa) PZO薄膜的极化行为[55]
Figure 3. (a) Phase-boundary-driven phase transition in PZO films under the irradiation of an electron beam[54]; (b) polarization configurations extracted from Pb ions displacements in (001) and (042) oriented PZO films[11]; (c) polarization-electric field loops of PZO grown at various oxygen pressures (120, 80 and 45 mTorr, 1 Torr = 133.32 Pa)[55].
图 4 (a) PZO块体的介电温谱图[8]; (b) PZO基反铁电薄膜的C-V特性曲线[59]; (c) PZO薄膜的P-E和I-E回线[52]; (d) PZO薄膜在直流电场EDC和交流电场EAC作用下的电致应变和压电系数[11]
Figure 4. (a) Temperature dependent dielectric spectrum of PZO bulk materials, reproduced from[8]; (b) C-V characteristics of PZO based AFE thin films[59]; (c) P-E and I-E loops of PZO thin films[52]; (d) electromechanical response as strain and effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient as a function of EAC and EDC, respectively[11].
图 5 (a) Kittel提出的双子晶格模型; (b) 不同组合多态软模的能量[62]; (c) PZO中可能存在的调制结构及其能量[31]; (d) AFE/FE能量与PZO薄膜厚度的关系[71]
Figure 5. (a) Antiferroelectric structure model proposed by Kittel; (b) energy difference for different combination of multisoft mode[62]; (c) proposed modulation structure in PZO and the corresponding energy[31]; (d) dependence of the AFE/FE energy on thickness of PZO thin film[71].
图 7 (a) 异价元素Ta掺杂AgNbO3前后Ag和Nb原子±
$[1\overline 1 0]$ 方向位移波动[84]; (b) 异价元素Ta掺杂AgNbO3前后击穿电场、极化强度、储能密度、储能效率的对比[84]; (c) 离子轰击PZO反铁电薄膜前后的击穿电场和储能对比[85]Figure 7. (a) Ag and Nb atoms displacement fluctuations along ±
$[1\overline 1 0]$ of pure AgNbO3 and Ta doped AgNbO3[84]; (b) comparison of breakdown field, polarization, efficiency and energy storage density of pure AgNbO3 and Ta doped AgNbO3[84]; (c) comparison of energy storage performance of PZO thin film before and after ion bombardment[85].图 8 (a) 电卡效应制冷的卡诺循环; (b) PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3薄膜中的电卡温度变化∆T [111]; (c) 电场响应的PbZrO3相图及∆T-∆S示意图[119]
Figure 8. (a) Carnot cycle of electrocaloric effect refrigeration; (b) temperature change ∆T in PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 thin film[111]; (c) tentative phase diagram for PbZrO3 as a function of electric field and schematic ∆T-∆S diagram[119].
图 9 (a) 电致应变的4个主要组成部分; (b) Pb0.98La0.02(Zr0.66Ti0.10Sn0.24)0.995O3反铁电陶瓷相变过程中应变与电场的关系[123]; PLZST单晶(c)极化和(d)应变在选定温度下对电场的响应[45]
Figure 9. (a) The four main components of electro-strain; (b) strain as a function of electric field during phase transition in Pb0.98La0.02(Zr0.66Ti0.10Sn0.24)0.995O3 ceramic, reproduced from[123]; (c) polarization and (d) strain loops of the PLZST single crystals at selected temperatures measured at 1 Hz[45].
图 10 (a) 反铁电双电滞回线, 其中BC和B'C'呈现出负电容行为[132]; (b) 反铁电随机存取存储器的4个可选读出状态[135]; (c) 反铁电隧道结的示意图[13]; (d) PZO薄膜实时高低热导率转变[4]; (e) PZO电容器的稳态光伏响应, 显示超过100 V的开路光电压[12]
Figure 10. (a) P-E loop of an antiferroelectric material, segments BC and B'C' represent the unstable negative capacitance (C < 0) regions[132]; (b) four pseudo-remanent memory states marked on the loop in AFRAM[135]; (c) schematic representations of expected behaviors of antiferroelectric tunnel junctions[13]; (d) real-time switching of epitaxial PZO to low and high thermal conductivity[4]; (e) steady-state photovoltaic response of PZO capacitor, showing an open-circuit photovoltage in excess of 100 V[12].
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