A Review of High-Resolution 2D Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques

LIU Fan; JIANG Yuancheng; GUO Hua

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250235

Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) holds significant value in neuroscience and clinical disease diagnosis. The most commonly used single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) for DWI is affected by static magnetic field (B₀) inhomogeneity and T₂/T₂^* decay, leading to issues such as geometric distortion and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To address these challenges, researchers have developed more advanced high-resolution diffusion MRI techniques. This article provides a comprehensive review of these imaging methods. In the context of echo-planar imaging (EPI), this review covers multi-shot EPI-based DWI techniques, including readout-segmented EPI (RS-EPI), interleaved EPI (iEPI), point spread function-encoded EPI (PSF-EPI), and echo-planar time-resolved imaging (EPTI). These methods effectively reduce or eliminate geometric distortions while improving SNR and spatial resolution. Additionally, the combination of multi-shot EPI with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisition shortens scan time, which is also briefly discussed. Compared to EPI, spiral imaging offers higher SNR and sampling efficiency but is more sensitive to B₀ inhomogeneity. In the spiral imaging section, we review both single-shot and multi-shot spiral DWI, as well as their integration with SMS techniques. This article emphasizes the concepts, acquisition strategies, and reconstruction methods of these imaging techniques. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of high-resolution diffusion imaging, including 3D DWI, body DWI, magnetic field probes, ultra-high gradient systems, and ultra-high-field MRI systems.

Keywords:
diffusion magnetic resonance imaging /

echo-planer imaging /

spiral imaging /

simultaneous multi-slice imaging /

high-resolution /

high-fidelity
Cited By

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A Review of High-Resolution 2D Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques

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