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The pantograph-catenary system (PCS) serves as the exclusive means of power supply for high-speed trains. With increasing train speeds, higher traction power, and operation in complex and variable environments, the occurrence of pantograph arc has become more frequent, accompanied by alterations in physical properties and increased hazards, which seriously threaten the safety of high-speed railways. This paper presents a systematic review of recent research on pantograph arc, outlining physical characteristics, experimental techniques, and simulation methodologies. The study focused on analyzing the effects and mechanisms of operating parameters and environmental conditions on pantograph arc, with summarized prevention strategies and explored applications such as arc energy utilization. Existing research has sufficiently examined how operational parameters affect arc hazards, yet studies on arc physical properties and evolution mechanisms remain limited, particularly regarding special conditions like icing. Current protection methods also require adaptation to complex environments to meet growing arc management demands. Two future research priorities are proposed: first, clarifying arc physical properties under special environments and establishing the "environmental condition - physical property - arc behavior" correlation to enable accurate prediction; second, developing an efficient arc prevention system through "source suppression - interface protection - process intervention". This review aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for reliable current collection and effective arc control in high-speed railway PCS in China.
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Keywords:
- Pantograph arc /
- Electrical erosion /
- Pantograph-catenary system /
- High-speed trains
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