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Quantum weak measurement technology has significantly advanced the detection limits of quantum precision measurement due to its minimal disturbance to the measured system and the weak value amplification (WVA) effect. This technique has been successfully applied in phase difference and time difference measurements, leading to a series of important achievements. Previous standard weak measurement typically utilize only a single momentum parameter as the measurement pointer and rely on a single weak interaction (SWI) to detect minute phase shifts. Although some studies have attempted to introduce quantum resources to further enhance the amplification factor and measurement precision, the practical application is hindered by thechallenges associated with quantum state preparation. Therefore, practical quantum weak measurement systems still require in-depth research and exploration to overcome these technical bottlenecks.
In this study, we propose and experimentally validate a dual -parameter quantum weak measurement scheme based on tunable spectral control and iterative weak interactions. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that adjusting the spectral width and the number of weak interactions, can effectively enhance the weak value amplification effect. Experimentally, a phase weak measurement system based on iterative weak interactions (IWI) was constructed using a tunable light source as the optical input. The setup incorporates three sets of half-wave plates (HWP) to realize triple weak interactions. By fixing the postselection angle and rotating the HWP to introduce a weak phase delay, high-precision detection of the phase shift is achieved by monitoring both the spectral shift and light intensity variations. Experimental results indicate that at a spectral width of 700 GHz, the momentum parameter M achieves the 4.06 × 10-8 rad optimal phase difference measurement accuracy, which is 2.78 times higher than that of single weak interactions (SWI). As the spectral width decreases, the signal-to-noise ratio gradually degrades, and the shift signal of parameter M is submerged in the electronic noise of the spectrometer, necessitating a switch to the intensity parameter I for detection. When a narrow-linewidth source with a linewidth of 500 kHz isemployed, the intensity parameter I enables phase difference measurements at the level of 5.99×10-7 rad while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 17.4 dB. Its measurement precision is 2.97 times higher than that of SWI. In optical experiments, the optical phase can serve as a proxy for other physical quantities such as displacement, temperature, and magnetic field strength. Therefore, this scheme provides crucial technical support for practical enhanced quantum precision sensing.-
Keywords:
- quantum optics /
- iterative weak measurement /
- tunable spectrum /
- dual-parameter /
- phase difference measurement
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