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The dynamic interaction of microbubbles in an ultrasonic field is a core scientific issue for precise manipulation in acoustofluidics and the efficient application of ultrasonic cavitation. Existing microbubble generation technologies (e.g., ultrasonic cavitation and laser-induced nucleation) generally suffer from limitations such as non-uniform bubble sizes, random spatial distribution, and the difficulty of balancing high-precision control with high-throughput repeatability. Furthermore, multi-bubble dynamics theory currently lacks systematic experimental support under multi-parameter coupling (e.g., initial radius, spacing, and orientation angle). In this study, we propose an experimental method using low-intensity ultrasound with a hydrophobic surface as a stable bubble source to release surface microbubbles, which subsequently migrate towards the acoustic pressure antinode. Using high-speed imaging technology, we systematically observed and analyzed the mutual translational behavior of coupled twin bubbles within the aggregation region, identifying four translational modes with distinct characteristics. The results indicate that the bubble aggregation region is precisely located at the acoustic pressure antinode, and the bubble area fraction within this region increases significantly with increasing dimensionless power. The four identified translational modes, which are strongly coupled with radial oscillation, consist of a "velocity bouncing-collision" process. Modes I and III manifest as accelerated collisions driven by velocity bouncing and radial contraction, while Modes II and IV manifest as decelerated collisions induced by velocity bouncing and radial expansion. Statistical analysis of the twin-bubble translational collision data demonstrates that as power increases, the amplitude of radial oscillation increases, the number of velocity bounces decreases, and the translational collision process accelerates significantly. Moreover, at higher power levels, Modes III and IV tend to degenerate towards Modes I and II. The initial radius ratio, initial spacing, and collision Reynolds number are key parameters regulating the translational modes. Modes I and II dominate when the initial radius ratio deviates from 1 and the initial spacing exceeds 350 μm, whereas Modes III and IV are more likely to occur when the initial radius ratio approaches 1 and the initial spacing is less than 200 μm. The orientation angle has no significant effect on the modes. The predictions of the twin-bubble theoretical model show good agreement with the experimental data, validating the precise regulation mechanism of radial oscillation on bubble translational behavior. These insights into the translational motion laws of twin bubbles in low-intensity ultrasonic fields provide a crucial experimental basis for the dynamic modeling of multi-bubble systems and hold significant implications for the optimal design of acoustofluidic devices, targeted microbubble delivery, and the optimization of ultrasonic cavitation applications.
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Keywords:
- hydrophobic surface bubbles /
- dual-bubble /
- velocity bouncing /
- translational modes
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