Effect of doping on evolution of He+ ion irradiation defects and superconductivity in EuBa2Cu3O7–δ superconducting strips

Zhao Po; Wang Jian-Qiang; Chen Mei-Qing; Yang Jin-Xue; Su Zheng-Xiong; Lu Chen-Yang; Liu Hua-Jun; Hong Zhi-Yong; Gao Rui

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240124

Abstract

Rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) as a representative of the second-generation high-temperature superconducting materials possesses superior physical advantages such as high critical magnetic field, elevated critical temperature, and superior current density, which has been applied to many domains. Although the introduction of non-superconducting nanoscale particle dopants, as a critical method, can enhance the magnetic flux pinning capability of REBCO strips, the effect of the doping on the performance change and microstructure evolution of the strips under irradiation is ignored. In this work, undoped and 3.5% BaHfO₃ (BHO) doped EuBa₂Cu₃O_7–δ strips are investigated in the room-temperature irradiation experiments (1.4 MeV He⁺ ions) with three distinct doses of 5×10¹⁴, 5×10¹⁵, and 5×10¹⁶ ions/cm², respectively. Electrical performance tests reveal that the undoped strips exhibit a slight increase in J_c after the low-dose irradiation. However, with dose increasing, J_c decreases by over 60%. In contrast, doped strips experience a significantly smaller decline in J_c, ranging only between 30% and 40% at high-dose irradiation. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterizations confirm that the defects induced by He⁺ ion irradiation lead to amorphization and structural disorder within the superconducting layers, which is the primary reason for the decline in the superconducting properties of the strips. The results show that the introduction of localized strain through BHO nanophase in the superconducting layer changes the migration and aggregation behavior of irradiation-induced defects, repairing the damaged superconductor structure. Furthermore, the field dependence and temperature dependence of J_c of doped strips are irradiation-resistant due to BHO nanocrystals as strong pinning centers. Additionally, unlike the superconducting properties of the REBCO strips that can be repaired through oxygen annealing after neutron or heavy ion irradiation, the electrical properties of the two types of strips irradiated with high doses of He⁺ ions in this work are further deteriorated after being annealed. It is worth noting that compared with the undoped strip, the localized strain generated by BHO in the doped strip inhibits the size growth of helium defects in the three-dimensional direction at high temperatures, which changes the magnetic flux pinning characteristics and delays the disorder and amorphization of the superconducting layer structure caused by the severe growth of helium bubbles. This study provides a reference for the application of REBCO superconducting strips in the irradiation environment.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2.
Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
3.
Hefei International Applied Superconductivity Center, Hefei 230071, China
4.
Shanghai Superconductor Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China

Corresponding author: Gao Rui, ruigao@xjtu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12005256) and the Key Projects of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China (Grant No. TC230H0AC/159).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 EuBCO超导带材结构示意图

Figure 1. The structure of EuBCO superconducting strip.

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图 2 He⁺离子辐照下dpa和氦浓度随深度的分布

Figure 2. Distribution of dpa and helium concentration with depth under He⁺ ion irradiation.

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图 3 未掺杂/掺杂EuBCO带材的微观结构　(a) 未掺杂带材超导层的TEM图像; (b) 掺杂带材超导层的TEM图像; (c) 掺杂带材超导层中BHO纳米柱的高分辨图像; (d) 掺杂带材中BHO大颗粒周围的大幅局域弯曲应变和大量层错; (e) 图(d)中BHO大颗粒的EDS-mapping图像

Figure 3. Microscopic structure of undoped/doped EuBCO strips: (a) TEM image of the superconducting layer of undoped strip; (b) TEM image of superconducting layer of doped strip; (c) high-resolution image of BHO nanocolumns in the superconducting layer of doped strip; (d) large localized bending strain and numerous stacking faults around BHO large particle in doped strip; (e) EDS-mapping images of the large BHO particle in Figure (d).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 未掺杂EuBCO带材不同剂量辐照后的电学性能　(a) 33 K下的M-H曲线; (b) 33 K下的J_c-B曲线; (c) 33 K下的F_p-B曲线; (d) 辐照后相比辐照前的归一化J_c-B曲线

Figure 4. Electrical properties of undoped EuBCO strip with different irradiation doses: (a) M-H curves at 33 K; (b) J_c-B curves at 33 K; (c) F_p-B curves at 33 K; (d) normalized J_c-B curves for before and after irradiation.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 掺杂EuBCO带材不同剂量辐照后的电学性能　(a) 33 K下的M-H曲线; (b) 33 K下的J_c-B曲线; (c) 33 K下的F_p-B曲线; (d) 辐照后相比辐照前的归一化J_c-B曲线

Figure 5. Electrical properties of doped EuBCO strip with different irradiation doses: (a) M-H curves at 33 K; (b) J_c-B curves at 33 K; (c) F_p-B curves at 33 K; (d) normalized J_c-B curves for before and after irradiation.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 两种带材J_c随磁场衰减的对数曲线, 以及幂参数α和过渡场B^*随辐照剂量的变化　(a) J_c(B)/J_c(B=0 T)-B曲线; (b) α的变化; (c) $B^* $的变化

Figure 6. Logarithmic curves of J_c attenuating with magnetic field for two types of strips, and changes of power parameter α and characteristic field with irradiation doses: (a) J_c(B)/J_c(B = 0 T)-B curves; (b) changes in α; (c) changes in $B^* $.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 两种带材在77 K下辐照后相比辐照前的归一化J_c-B曲线　(a) 未掺杂EuBCO带材; (b) 掺杂EuBCO带材

Figure 7. Normalized J_c-B curves at 77 K of two types of strips for before and after irradiation: (a) Undoped EuBCO strip; (b) doped EuBCO strip.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 两种带材不同剂量辐照后拉曼光谱的变化

Figure 8. Changes in Raman spectra of two types of strips after lowest and highest irradiation dose.

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图 9 未掺杂带材5×10¹⁶ ions/cm²辐照后TEM图像　(a) 低倍下超导层TEM图像; (b) 辐照损伤峰值区的氦泡分布

Figure 9. TEM images of undoped strip after irradiation (5×10¹⁶ ions/cm²): (a) Low-magnification TEM image of superconducting layer; (b) distribution of helium bubbles in the peak damage region.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 掺杂带材5×10¹⁶ ions/cm²辐照后TEM图像　(a) 低倍下超导层TEM图像; (b) 辐照损伤峰值区的氦泡分布

Figure 10. TEM images of doped strip after irradiation (5×10¹⁶ ions/cm²): (a) Low-magnification TEM image of superconducting layer; (b) distribution of helium bubbles in the peak damage region.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 BHO掺杂对氦泡演化行为的影响　(a) 球差电镜下BHO颗粒与EuBCO基体的高分辨原子像; (b) BHO相界面对氦泡的吸附; (c) 超导层中BHO第二相诱导局域应变的示意图

Figure 11. The effect of BHO doping on the evolution behavior of helium bubbles: (a) High-resolution atomic image of BHO particles and EuBCO matrix under aberration transmission electron microscopy; (b) the adsorption of helium bubbles on the BHO interface; (c) schematic diagram of localized strain induced by the second phase of BHO in the superconducting layer.

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图 12 不同剂量辐照带材退火后相比退火前在33 K下的归一化J_c-B曲线　(a) 未掺杂EuBCO带材; (b) 掺杂EuBCO带材

Figure 12. Normalized J_c-B curves of different doses of irradiated strips after annealing compared to before annealing: (a) Undoped EuBCO strip; (b) doped EuBCO strip.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 13 退火后未掺杂带材和掺杂带材的辐照缺陷演化　(a) 未掺杂带材5×10¹⁶ ions/cm²辐照并退火后峰值区的氦泡分布; (b) BHO掺杂相附近的氦泡形貌; (c) 氦泡沿层错形成一维线状氦泡; (d) 辐照及退火过程中的磁通钉扎演变示意图

Figure 13. Evolution of irradiation defects in undoped and doped strips after annealing: (a) Distribution of helium bubbles in the peak region after annealing of undoped strip irradiated with 5×10¹⁶ ions/cm²; (b) morphology of helium bubbles around BHO doping phase; (c) 1D linear helium bubbles formed along stacking faults; (d) schematic diagram of magnetic flux pinning evolution during irradiation and annealing processes.

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[2]	Li X G, Kobayashi R, Kotaka Y, Shimoyama J I, Kishio K 1994 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. , Part 1 33 L843 Google Scholar
[3]	蔡传兵, 池长鑫, 李敏娟, 刘志勇, 鲁玉明, 郭艳群, 白传易, 陆齐, 豆文芝 2018 科学通报 64 827 Google Scholar Cai C B, Chi C X, Li M J, Liu Z Y, Lu Y M, Guo Y Q, Bai C Y, Lu Q, Dou W Z 2018 Chin. Sci. Bull. 64 827 Google Scholar
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[5]	Humphry-Baker S A, Smith G D W 2019 Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A 377 0443 Google Scholar
[6]	Creely A J, Greenwald M J, Ballinger S B, et al. 2020 J. Plasma Phys. 86 6 Google Scholar
[7]	Mitchell N, Zheng J, Vorpahl C, et al. 2021 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 34 103001 Google Scholar
[8]	Coleman M, McIntosh S 2019 Fusion Eng. Des. 139 26 Google Scholar
[9]	Fischer D X, Prokopec R, Emhofer J, Eisterer M 2018 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31 044006 Google Scholar
[10]	Torsello D, Gambino D, Gozzelino L, Trotta A, Laviano F 2023 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 36 014003 Google Scholar
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[12]	Jia Y, LeRoux M, Miller D J, Wen J G, Kwok W K, Welp U, Rupich M W, Li X, Sathyamurthy S, Fleshler S, Malozemoff A P, Kayani A, Ayala-Valenzuela O, Civale L 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 122601 Google Scholar
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[14]	Sauerzopf F M, Werner M, Weber H W, Suris R A, Kulikov D V, Kharlamov V S, Trushin Y V 1997 Physica C 282-287 1333 Google Scholar
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[19]	Iliffe W, Peng N, Brittles G, Bateman R, Webb R, Grovenor C, Speller S 2021 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 34 09LT01 Google Scholar
[20]	Huang D X, Gu H W, Shang H J, Li T G, Xie B W, Zou Q, Chen D, Chu W k, Ding F Z 2021 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 34 045001 Google Scholar
[21]	Matsui H, Yamaguchi I 2022 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 61 043001 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang Y, Rupich M W, Solovyov V, Li Q, Goyal A 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 14848 Google Scholar
[23]	Unterrainer R, Fischer D X, Lorenz A, Eisterer M 2022 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 35 04LT01 Google Scholar
[24]	Strickland N M, Wimbush S C, Kluth P, Mota-Santiago P, Ridgway M C, Kennedy J V, Long N J 2017 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 409 351 Google Scholar
[25]	马衍伟 2022 超导材料科学与技术 (北京: 科学出版社) 第398—399页 Ma Y W 2022 Superconducting Materials Science and Technology (Beijing: Science Press) pp398–399
[26]	Jha A K, Matsumoto K 2019 Front. Phys. 7 82 Google Scholar
[27]	Wu J, Shi J 2017 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30 103002 Google Scholar
[28]	Wang M, Beyerlein I J, Zhang J, Han W Z 2018 Acta Mater. 160 211 Google Scholar
[29]	Gao R, Jin M M, Han F, Wang B M, Wang X P, Fang Q F, Dong Y H, Sun C, Shao L, Li M D, Li J 2020 Acta Mater. 197 212 Google Scholar
[30]	Llordés A, Palau A, Gázquez J, Coll M, Vlad R, Pomar A, Arbiol J, Guzmán R, Ye S, Rouco V, Sandiumenge F, Ricart S, Puig T, Varela M, Chateigner D, Vanacken J, Gutiérrez J, Moshchalkov V, Deutscher G, Magen C, Obradors X 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 329 Google Scholar
[31]	Kwon J H, Meng Y, Wu L, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Selvamanickam V, Welp U, Kwok W K, Zuo J M 2018 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31 105006 Google Scholar
[32]	Cui X M, Liu G Q, Wang J, Huang Z C, Zhao Y T, Tao B W, Li Y R 2007 Physica C 466 1 Google Scholar
[33]	Eisterer M, Fuger R, Chudy M, Hengstberger F, Weber H W 2010 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 014009 Google Scholar
[34]	Higuchi T, Yoo S I, Murakami M 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 1514 Google Scholar
[35]	谷裕, 蔡传兵, 刘志勇, 刘杰, 刘丽, 黄荣铁 2021 科学通报 66 3965 Google Scholar Gu Y, Cai C B, Liu Z Y, Liu J, Liu L, Huang R T 2021 Chin. Sci. Bull. 66 3965 Google Scholar
[36]	Krusin-Elbaum L, Civale L, Thompson J R, Feild C 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 11744 Google Scholar
[37]	Teral T, Masegi T, Kusagaya K, Takahashi Y, Kishio K, Motohira N, Nakatanl K 1991 Physica C 185-189 2383 Google Scholar
[38]	Feighan J P F, Kursumovic A, MacManus-Driscoll J L 2017 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30 123001 Google Scholar
[39]	Khalfinand I B, Shapiro B Y 1993 Physica C 207 359 Google Scholar
[40]	Thomsen C, Kaczmarczyk G 2006 Vibrational Raman Spectroscopy of High-temperature Superconductors (Hoboken: Wiley
[41]	刘丽, 刘杰, 曾健, 翟鹏飞, 张胜霞, 徐丽君, 胡培培, 李宗臻, 艾文思 2020 物理学报 69 077401 Google Scholar Liu L, Liu J, Zeng J, Zhai P F, Zhang S X, Xu L J, Hu P P, Li Z Z, Ai W S 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 077401 Google Scholar
[42]	Venkataraman K, Baurceanu R, Maroni V A 2005 Appl. Spectrosc. 59 639 Google Scholar
[43]	Gibson G, MacManus-Driscoll J L, Cohen L F 1997 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 7 2130 Google Scholar
[44]	但敏, 陈伦江, 贺岩斌, 吕兴旺, 万俊豪, 张虹, 张珂嘉, 杨莹, 金凡亚 2022 物理学报 71 237401 Google Scholar Dan M, Chen L J, He Y B, Lü X W, Wan J H, Zhang H, Zhang K J, Yang Y, Jin F Y 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 237401 Google Scholar
[45]	Trinkaus H, Singh B N 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 323 229 Google Scholar
[46]	王玉珍马颖周益春 2014 物理学报 63 246101 Google Scholar Wang Y Z, Ma Y, Zhou Y C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 246101 Google Scholar
[47]	刘思冕韩卫忠 2019 物理学报 68 137901 Google Scholar Liu S M, Han W Z 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 137901 Google Scholar
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Vol. 73, Issue 8 - 2024-04-20

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Effect of doping on evolution of He⁺ion irradiation defects and superconductivity in EuBa₂Cu₃O_7–δ superconducting strips