Vol. 46, No. 10 (1997)
1997-05-20
GENERAL
1997, 46 (10): 1873-1879.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1873
Abstract +
In Ashtekar's formalism, the phase space of general relativity is imbedded into the phase space of complex SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. In this paper, the approach of analyzing local symmetries and constraints in ordinary feild theories is generalized to the complex field theory, the phase space of the Ashtekar formalism is constructed from the configuration space of the self dual Palatini formalism, and the relationship hetween local symmetries of the configuration space and constraints on the phase space is then discussed.
1997, 46 (10): 1880-1887.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1880
Abstract +
A system which uses the non equilibrium fluctuating energy to do work is considered as a result of Brownian motor derived by both internal and external noises. The corresponding diffusion model including damping force and double noise sources is proposed. Through the analytical calculation and numerical simulation, the mechanism of the directed motion of the Brownian motor driven by multiplicative noise and the effect of damping force on the steady current in the one dimensional inertia ratchet potential are accordingly expounded and analyzed. As a application, the experimental phenomenon of the stepping motion of the single motor protein is explained.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
1997, 46 (10): 1888-1893.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1888
Abstract +
The populations of n=17,m=0 Stark states of sodium atom in static electric fields have been obtained by two step excitation using tunable lasers. The lifetimes of some selected Stark states and the influences of blackbody radiation on the lifetimes were measured by using delayed electric field ionization. The measured data were compared with the calculated values. The experimental and theoretical results exhibit following behaviours: The total rates of stimulated emission and absorption transitions induced by environmental radiations are of the same order of magnitude in comparison to those of spontaneous transition for the observed n=17 Stark manifold states at room temperature. And this effect is more remarkable for longer lived states. It, along with the effect of the Stark mixing of l sublevels, will reduce the differences among lifetimes of Stark states in a manifold.
CALCULATIONS OF THE SURFACE AND DIFFUSION BARRIERS FOR OXYGEN PENETRATION ON METALS AND THEIR OXIDES
1997, 46 (10): 1894-1900.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1894
Abstract +
Using a simpler calculation scheme, we have investigated the surface penetration barriers and bulk diffusion barriers for oxygen in the simple metals Al,Be,Ca,Mg,Zn and their oxides. The results show that the values of the barriers depend on the crystal structure of the material and on the ability of the lattice to relax during the incorporation process. By comparing the theoretical values of the barriers with the experimental ones, we found that the agreement is basically good.
1997, 46 (10): 1901-1905.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1901
Abstract +
The high resolution fast electron energy loss spectrum for inner shell 2p electron excitation and ionization of argon has been measured in present work at an electron impact energy of 2500eV and a mean scattering angle of 0°. The ionization limits and effective quantum numbers have been- deduced.- The oscillator strength densities for discrete transitions and two ionization continua were- also- determined.
1997, 46 (10): 1906-1916.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1906
Abstract +
We have developed a method to evaluate the effective vibration rotation parameter using the wavefunction from the local mode model, on the basis of the wavefunction equivalence of the two models describing the stretching overtone——the NMDD normal mode model and HCAO local mode model. By using this approach, an improved “α-relation” is derived, which exists among the effective vibration rotation parameters of local mode vibrational state at the local mode limit.
CLASSICAL AREA OF PHENOMENOLOGY
1997, 46 (10): 1917-1925.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1917
Abstract +
The experiments used the “Xingguang Ⅱ” laser facility to irradiate gold disks at some chosen angle of incidence. In this paper, we report the absorption and angular distribution of scattered lights of 0.351μm laser light by Au disks. The experiments have shown that the absorption by Au disk is higher than that irradiated with 0.53 or 1.05μm laser light. The angular distribution of scattered lights proves that scattered lights include stimulated Brillouin scattering and specular reflection from critical surface. Based on inverse bremsstrahlung absorption, the absorption obtained by simulation agrees with the experimental results.
1997, 46 (10): 1926-1931.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1926
Abstract +
Using the principle of detailed balance and the evolution of entropy, the stability of a two-level system coupled to a squeezed vacuum via degenerate two-photon processes is investigated. We find that the stability of the system depends on the squeezing parameter M of squeezed vacuum. When |M| is small, the system is unstable, but when M is a very large real number, the system is driven to a stable state but far from equilibrium.
1997, 46 (10): 1932-1937.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1932
Abstract +
Based on a rigorous far field solution of the Helmholtz equation, a new method to describe the propagation of the offaxial Gaussian wave is presented. The amplitude and phase distribution, beam spot size, divergence angle, and the relation of the conservation of energy are discussed. It is found that for any Gaussian source the maximum divergence angle is shown to be 65.5.
1997, 46 (10): 1938-1945.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1938
Abstract +
A two-dimensional approximation with axisymmetry was used to deal with the thermal conduction inside the high pressure cell . A numerical method, using a microcomputer, to obtain the static and non-steady distribution of temperature was given. The error of calculation in this method was estimated and an approximate analytical formula for the static distribution of the temperature was also given.
PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
1997, 46 (10): 1946-1952.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1946
Abstract +
A new type of slow-wave system (SWS) for the beam-wave interaction——putting a plasma column into a dielectric-partially-filled waveguide, is presented. By use of the linear self-consistent field theory, the interaction of a relativistic electron beam with the wave in the SWS is analysed. Determinative dispersion equations are derived for a thin annular relativistic electron beam propagating through the SWS surrounding and existing inside the plasma column, respectively. These dispersion equations are directly solved numerically, and the cut-off frequency, the operation frequency and the growth rate of the waves are obtained. Finally, the effects of the parameters of the plasma column on them are discussed.
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
1997, 46 (10): 1953-1960.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1953
Abstract +
The structures of ZnTe/GaSb, grown by molecular beam epitaxy under different conditions, were investigated by X-ray triple-axis scattering and crystal truncation rod. The sample annealed under Zn flux from surface cleaning temperature to growth temperature had clear interference fringes in the crystal truncation rod scan profile, while the sample annealed under Te flux shows no interference fringes in the crystal truncation rod. Reciprocal space mapping around the symmetrical diffraction reciprocal point 004 and asymmetrical diffraction point 115 showed that the ZnTe epilayers were fully strained to the substrate. Both two-dimensional reciprocal space mapping and transverse scan along direction showed that the sample annealed under Te flux had strong and broad diffuse scattering in this direction. This was attributed to the Ga2Ｔｅ3 formation at the interface. This interfacial phase would enhance the diffuse scattering, blur the interference fringes and roughen the surface and interface. The epilayer thickness was accurately determined to be (210±1)nm by theoretical calculation of the experimental profiles. The surface roughness of the sample annealed under Zn flux, (2.2±0.2)nm, was smaller that of the sample annealed under Te flux, (3.7±0.3)nm.The lateral correlation lengths of the samples annealed under Zn flux and Te flux are (420±10)nm and (30±5)nm,respectively.
1997, 46 (10): 1961-1964.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1961
Abstract +
The proton magnetic resonance spectra of 4-cyanophenyl 4′-hexyloxy benzoate (CPHOB) were measured from room temperature to 380K. It was found that the transition temperature from solid to nematic phase was Tｓｎ=347K, and the transition temperature from nematic phase to isotropic liquid Tｎi=359K. The temperature dependence of its order parameter was evaluated. Its mechanism of proton spin lattice relaxation was discussed.
1997, 46 (10): 1965-1971.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1965
Abstract +
The individual damage on high oriented pyrolytic graphite surface induced by gold ions of 530keV—4.5MeV was studied with scanning tunneling microscope. The hillock-like damage was observed and measured and then the average diameters of the hillocks were obtained. In terms of a modified nonlinear thermal spike model, the diameters of the damage were calculated and the results fit well with the experimental data. The possible mechanism of damage formation is discussed.
1997, 46 (10): 1972-1977.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1972
Abstract +
The nesting of the Fermi surface in a two-dimensional (2D) system is not perfect, which is distinctly different from one-dimensional system. The nesting deviation can heavily suppress the instability of 2D system. In this paper, the effect of the nesting deviation on the Peierls transition is quantitatively studied, and the limit for the nesting deviation, beyond which the Peierls transition is destroyed, is determined. Such a behavior is favorable to get the superconductivity.
1997, 46 (10): 1978-1983.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1978
Abstract +
The semiempirical modified embedded atom method has been applied to calculate the surface stress on the low index surfaces of fcc metals Ni,Pd and Pt,and the results are in agreement with that of the first principle calculation.The surface stress on fcc(110) surface along the [110] direction is about twice as large as in the [001] direction;and this indicates that the anisotropy of the surface stress is a characteristic of (110) surface of fcc metals.In addition,the magnitudes of the surface stresses on Pd and Pt(100) surfaces have been predicted.
1997, 46 (10): 1984-1989.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1984
Abstract +
The scattering of phonons as main factors infuencing the thermal conductivity were analized theoretically. The thermal conductivity of diamond films was measured by means of the photothermal deflection method with an error of 5%. The effects of methane concentration and grain orientation on thermal conductivity of diamond films were studied. The results showed that (100) oriented diamond-films deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition method under low methane concentration have higher thermal conductivity.
1997, 46 (10): 1990-1998.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1990
Abstract +
The kinetics and scaling behaviors of reaction-percolation ballistic surface growth with two kinds of particles A and C is investigated. When the probability of particle C is zero, i.e. q=0,the deposition is the traditional ballistic deposition of single particle. When the probability is not zero,i.e.q≠0, in 2+1 dimensions and 3+1 dimensions, the morphological structural transitions are observed. When q approaches the threshold, at which the growth will stop, there is a scaling behavior for the growth velocity, which can be interpreted by the percolation theory.
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
1997, 46 (10): 1999-2006.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1999
Abstract +
By using the method of phenomenological scattering thoery,we have calculated the electronic structure of the CdTe(110) relaxed surface.The results are in good agreement with the experiments and other calculations.By analyzing the results we have discussed the origin of relaxation of CdTe(110) surface.
1997, 46 (10): 2007-2009.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2007
Abstract +
Starting from equation of motion of an active LC circuit,the quantum fluctuations of the charge and current in the mesoscopic circuit (LC circuit) in the squeezed vacuum state are investigated.
1997, 46 (10): 2010-2014.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2010
Abstract +
Effect of thermal strain on growth of SiGe strained layer on Si was analysed.Formulae for critical layer thickness were obtained by considering thermal strain in energy balance under the assumption of screw dislocation energy density equal to the sum of areal strain energy density and thermal strain energy density.The relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient associated with thermal strain and Ge content x was linear.The results are in good agreement with the experimental results reported.
1997, 46 (10): 2015-2022.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2015
Abstract +
The nc Si∶H thin films were prepared by hotfilament vapor deposition.The effect of gas pressure,-high H2 dilution and substrate-to-filament distance on deposition rate,the formation and structure of nc-Si∶H films was systematically studied.The structure of nc-Si∶H was determined using Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction.The temperature distribution was calculated;the travel of radicals evaporated from the filament and the gas-phase reaction were discussed in detail.The results were in agreement with the measurement.
OPTIMIZATION OF Tc IN EPITAXIAL GdBaCuO SUPERCONDUCTING THIN FILM BY INVERTED CYLINDRICAL SPUTTERING
1997, 46 (10): 2023-2028.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2023
Abstract +
Thin films of GdBaCuO(GBCO) compound have been deposited in situ onto LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by inverted cylindrical sputtering.The variation of superconductive properties of the thin films with the substrate temperature and sputtering pressure has been systematic investigated.By the optimization of deposition parameter,high quality c-axis epitaxial GBCO thin films of Tc0>92K were reproducibly grown at the substrate temperature of 720—820℃ with a low deposition total pressure (40Pa).The Tc0 of the best sample is as high as 93.2K.Only by changing the target composition into GdBa2Cu4Oy (Gd124),was it observed that the samples always contain some a-axis oriented films,impling that excess copper would favour a-axis growth in thin films,and the Tc of the samples is lower than that with Gd123 target.The superconductivity of the thin films under high substrate temperature was clearly improved by the procedure of special post oxygenization at 400℃ in ozone atmosphere.These results are very useful to further prepare large area thin films of GBCO.
1997, 46 (10): 2029-2035.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2029
Abstract +
In this paper,a renormalization group scheme within the framework of the mean field theory is used to investigate the critical behavior at the surface of a semi infinite Ising system with mixed spins,i.e.S=1 at the surface and σ=1/2 in the bulk.The effects of a random field on the surface phase diagrams are obtained.
1997, 46 (10): 2036-2046.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2036
Abstract +
About the one-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetics chain with bond alternation,research results show,in first-order approximation,that (1) magnon gap solitons (with the vibrating frequency lying in the gap between magnon frequency band) and resonant kinks (with the vibrating frequency lying in the magnon frequency band) are found; (2) an instrinsic localized mode (with the vibrating frequency being above the magnon frequency band) is impossible.
1997, 46 (10): 2047-2053.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2047
Abstract +
The structural and magnetic properties of Co/Cu multilayers prepared by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) and sputtering were investigated and compared with each other.It was found that the well defined layered structures existed in both samples,and the former was epitaxial single crystalline;while the latter was textured polycrystalline.Ferromagnetic resonance study showed the existence of a six-fold symmetry in the film plane,revealing the perfect in-plane structure of MBE samples.Giant magnetoresistance and its oscillation with the Cu thickness were found in sputtered samples.On the contrary,the magnetic resonance of MBE samples is smaller,about 7% for the second peak position.It is assumed that the superparamagnetic structure may be formed at interfaces in MBE samples which results in the different magnetic-field-dependent behaviors of magnetoresistance and- magnetization.
1997, 46 (10): 2054-2058.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2054
Abstract +
The correlation between initial permeability μi and temperature T(μi-T curve) for the Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy annealed at 300—610℃ was investigated.Three types of μi-T curve were observed. The corresponding annealing temperatures are (1)Ta≤460℃,(2) 480℃≤Ta≤580℃,(3) 590℃≤Ta≤610℃.The phase structures of the alloy corresponding to the three types of μi-T curve were analysed and the mechanisms for the changes of μi with T were also discussed.
1997, 46 (10): 2059-2065.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2059
Abstract +
A new method for post-treatment of PS(porous silicon), sulfur passivation by microwave plasma assistance in vacuum,is reported in this paper.Fourier transform infrared spectrum indicated that the treated sample surface is mainly covered by SiSx and SiOy.Compared with the as etched PS,the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the sample is 3.5 times stronger,and the 4nm blueshift of the PL peak was observed experimentally;furthermore,the intensity decay of the PL peak hasnot been observed after 60d in the atmosphere.Therefore,sulfur passivation is an effective post treatment for enhancing PL intensity and stabilization of PS.
1997, 46 (10): 2066-2070.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2066
Abstract +
The linear muffin tin orbitals method was adopted to calculate the band structures of the strained- superlattice (ZnS)1/(ZnSe)1(001) grown on the Si substrate.In our calculation the external adjusted potential was used to overcome the problem of too small a band gap in it.On the basis of relatively accurately calculated band structure and wave function for this system,we calculated the imaginary part of dieletric function of the superlattice system.The results showed that the optical properties of (ZnS)1/(ZnSe)1(001) grown on the Si substrate consisted of the optical properties of bulk ZnS and of bulk ZnSe,and they have rather good optical response over a wide range of photon energy;futhermore,the superlattices are direct band gap materials.Thus the superlattices will become the promising materials for optoelectronic device applications.
INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1997, 46 (10): 2071-2080.
doi: 10.7498/aps.46.2071
Abstract +
The zinc-based compound crystals, which are composed of zinc-anion coordinate tetrahedrons have two kinds of structure:one is wurtzite and the other is sphalerite.In this article the formation process and the ideal morphology of the sphalerite crystals are studied by calculating the stability energy of the crystal growth unit on the basis of the model of anion coordination polyhedron.The favorable growth unit for the growth of the sphalerite crystal is the tetrahedron.Thus the ideal morphology of sphalerite crystals is tetrahedron.The growth rate of the positive polar plane is different from that of the negative polar plane.It is proved by the calculation that zincoxide crystals are impossible to exist in sphalerite,so are zincsulphide crystals in wurtzite.
