Exotic collective excitation patterns in triaxially deformed <sup>131</sup>Ba

Wei Rui; Zhou Hou-Bing; Wang Si-Cheng; Ding Bing; Qiang Yun-Hua; Jia Chen-Xu; Chen Hong-Xing; Guo Song; C.M. Petrache; D. Mengoni; A. Astier; E. Dupont; Lü Bing-Feng; D. Bazzacco; A. Boso; A. Goasduff; F. Recchia; D. Testov; F. Galtarossa; G. Jaworski; D.R. Napoli; S. Riccetto; M. Siciliano; J.J. Valiente-Dobon; C. Andreoiu; F.H. Garcia; K. Ortner; K. Whitmore; A. Ataç-Nyberg; T. Bäck; B. Cederwall; E.A. Lawrie; I. Kuti; D. Sohler; T. Marchlewski; J. Srebrny; A. Tucholski

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240212

Abstract

In the last two decades, several unique phenomena in triaxially deformed nuclei, such as chiral doublet bands and wobbling motion have been revealed. Up to now, there are still many open questions which require further experimental and theoretical studies. To explore the collective motion in ¹³¹Ba, an experiment was performed using the XTU Tandem accelerator in the Legnaro laboratory, Italy. High-spin states of ¹³¹Ba have been populated via the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation ¹²²Sn(¹³C, 4n) reaction. γ-rays, charged particles and neutrons emitted from the residues were detected by the GALILEO array, EUCLIDES silicon ball, and the Neutron Wall, respectively. A total of 1.2$ \times $10⁹ triple- or higher-fold events were collected by the GALILEO data acquisition system. The γ-γ-γ coincidence events were sorted into a three-dimensional histogram (cube) and the analysis was carried out with the RADWARE and GASPWARE software packages.Through analysis of the coincidences between γ-rays, the most comprehensive level schemes of ¹³¹Ba to date was deduced from the present work. The extended level-scheme consists of 15 rotational bands, and newly observed transitions are marked in red. Three nearly degenerate pairs of doublet bands (Band 3–8) are identified in ¹³¹Ba. Two pairs of chiral doublets (Band 3–6) with configuration $ {\textit{\pi}}h_{11/2}(g_{7/2},d_{5/2}){\otimes}{\nu}h_{11/2} $ are interpreted as a set of pseudospin-chiral quartet bands. The quartet bands are fed by another pair of chiral doublet bands (Band 7–8) built on a $ {\textit{\pi}}h^2_{11/2}{\otimes}{\nu}h_{11/2} $ configuration via a series of enhanced E1 transitions. We extracted the energy displacement δE and the B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios between the positive-parity band 3 and the negative-parity band 7 in ¹³¹Ba and in comparison with those in ¹²⁴Ba, ²²⁴Th, ¹³³Ce and ¹³⁵Nd. The energy displacement δE and the B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios in ¹³¹Ba are comparable with those in ¹²⁴Ba but deviate appreciably from those in ²²⁴Th which has been reported to have stable octupole deformation. The results indicate the existence of octupole correlations in ¹³¹Ba without stable octupole deformation. A new rotational band (Band 10) discovered in the low-spin region exhibits a level structure similar to a wobbling band. Assuming it as a wobbling band, the wobbling frequency was extracted and compared with other reported wobbling bands in the neighboring nuclei. The wobbling frequency of this band decreases with increasing angular momentum, and even exhibits negative value at the highest spin. Considering that the wobbling phonon should contribute a positive amount to the excitation energy, this band is unlikely to be explained by this mechanism. The band may originate from other collective excitation mechanisms such as γ vibration. The newly identified rotational band (Band 9) composed of M1 transitions is tentatively assigned as a magnetic rotational band through a systematic analysis of the level structure. Finally, the configurations of other 4 bands, Band 12-15, are also suggested based on previous researches and the extracted quasiparticle alignments.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Guilin 541004, China
3.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
4.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5.
University Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay 91405, France
6.
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Université degli Studi di Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
7.
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
8.
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
9.
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Université di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
10.
Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
11.
KTH Department of Physics, Stockholm S-10691, Sweden
12.
iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7123, South Africa
13.
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville ZA-7535, South Africa
14.
HUN-REN Institute of Nuclear Research, ATOMKI, Debrecen 4001, Hungary
15.
University of Warsaw, Heavy Ion Laboratory, Pasteura 5a, Warsaw 02-093, Poland

Corresponding author: Zhou Hou-Bing, zhb@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn ; Wang Si-Cheng, wangsicheng@impcas.ac.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12365016) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi, China (Grant No. 2023GXNSFAA026016).

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图 1 ¹³¹Ba中的部分能级纲图, 箭头宽度表示γ跃迁强度, 跃迁能量单位为keV, 本工作新发现的γ跃迁用红色表示

Figure 1. Partial level schemes of ¹³¹Ba deduced from the present work. Transition energies are given in keV and their measured relative intensities are proportional to the widths of the arrows. Newly observed transitions are marked in red.

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图 2 典型的二重符合开门谱, 本工作新鉴别的γ跃迁用红色表示

Figure 2. Typical double-gated coincidence spectra for the new structures in ¹³¹Ba. Newly observed levels are marked in red

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图 3 带1—15的转动能级相对于刚性转子的激发能

Figure 3. The excitation energies of Band 1–15 of ¹³¹Ba are shown relative to a rotating rigid rotor reference.

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图 4 ¹³¹Ba与¹³⁰Ba中转动带准粒子顺排, 对于¹³¹Ba, Harris参数取$ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 11.9{\hbar}^2\;{\mathrm{MeV }}^{-1} $, $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ { = 21.1\hbar^4\;{\mathrm{MeV}}}^{-3} $${} $. 对于¹³⁰Ba, Harris参数取$ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 10 {\hbar}^2\; {\mathrm{MeV}}^{-1}$, $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ = $$ 55{\hbar}^4\; {\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-3} $.

Figure 4. The alignments of rotational bands in ¹³¹Ba and ¹³⁰Ba. The Harris parameters used to obtain the alignments are $ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 11.9{\hbar}^2\; {\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-1} $ and $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ = 21.1 {\hbar}^4\;{\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-3} $ for bands in ¹³¹Ba, and $ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 10 {\hbar}^2 \;{\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-1}$ and $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ = 55{\hbar}^4 \;{\mathrm{MeV}}^{-3} $ in ¹³⁰Ba.

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图 5 ¹³¹Ba, ¹²⁴Ba^[24], ²²⁴Th^[38], ¹³³Ce^[39]和¹³⁵Nd^[36]中(a)能量移动$ {\text{δ}}E $和(b)正负宇称带间的约化跃迁分支比$ B(E1)/B(E2) $随自旋变化

Figure 5. (a) The experimental energy displacement δE and (b) B(E1)/B(E2) ratios between the positive- and negative-parity bands as a function of spin in ¹³¹Ba, together with those in ¹²⁴Ba^[24], ²²⁴Th^[38], ¹³³Ce^[39] and ¹³⁵Nd^[36]

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图 6 ¹³¹Ba, ¹²⁹Ba^[44], ¹³⁵Pr^[11], ¹³³La^[12], ¹²⁷Xe^[43]和¹³³Ba^[14]中摇摆带的摇摆频率随自旋变化

Figure 6. Experimental wobbling frequency as a function of spin in ¹³¹Ba, together with those in ¹²⁹Ba^[44], ¹³⁵Pr^[11], ¹³³La^[12], ¹²⁷Xe^[43] and ¹³³Ba^[14]

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图 7 ¹³⁰Ba^[37], ¹³¹Ba, ¹³²Ba^[49]和¹³³Ba^[59]中ΔI = 1跃迁序列的能级间隔系统性

Figure 7. The systematic level spacings of ΔI = 1 transition sequences in ¹³⁰Ba^[37], ¹³¹Ba, ¹³²Ba^[49] and ¹³³Ba^[59]

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Exotic collective excitation patterns in triaxially deformed ¹³¹Ba

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Corresponding author: Zhou Hou-Bing, zhb@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn ; Wang Si-Cheng, wangsicheng@impcas.ac.cn ;

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Exotic collective excitation patterns in triaxially deformed 131Ba

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Corresponding author: Zhou Hou-Bing, zhb@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn ; Wang Si-Cheng, wangsicheng@impcas.ac.cn ;

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Exotic collective excitation patterns in triaxially deformed ¹³¹Ba