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Free spectral range (FSR) of reflection spectrum of micro-ring resonator restricts the improvement in user capacity of the optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system using micro-ring resonator array. Vernier effects can expand FSR of cascaded optical microring resonator. Based on vernier effect, a novel two-dimensional coherent optical en/decoder using serially coupled dumbbell micro-ring resonator is proposed in this paper. The theoretical model of optical transmission for series dumbbell-shaped microring resonators is established. The relation between the suppression of pseudo-modes in optical reflection spectrum and the coupling coefficient is analyzed in detail. The effects of coupling coefficient, processing error and chip rate on the performance of series dumbbell microring resonator optical en/decoder are studied. The en/decoding simulation experiments are carried out on a series dumbbell-shaped micro-ring resonator with radius of 40 μm-30 μm-40 μm respectively. The results show that comparing with the traditional series micro-ring resonator with radius of 40 μm-40 μm-40 μm respectively, the FSR value of dumbbell microcavity is increased by 4 times and the user capacity can increase exponentially. Meanwhile, the ratio of autocorrelation peak to maximum wing (P/W) and the cross-correlation ratio (P/C) are increased by about 33% and 8%, respectively.
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Keywords:
- optical micro-ring resonatoren/decoder /
- user capacity /
- auto-correlation peak level over maximum wing level (P/W) /
- auto-correlation peak level (P/C)
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图 1 哑铃型微环谐振腔结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of serially coupled dumbbell microring resonator.
图 2 反射谱无分裂峰时krb和krr的关系
Figure 2. Dependence of krb and krr in achieving single peak reflection.
图 3 哑铃型微腔反射谱特性 (a) FSR; (b) 伪模分布
Figure 3. Intensity of reflection spectrum of dumbbell microring resonator: (a) FSR; (b) distribution of spurious modes within the FSR
图 4 哑铃型微腔伪模的峰值透射率变化与krb的关系 (a) 伪模1和3随耦合系数的变化曲线; (b) 伪模2和4随耦合系数的变化曲线
Figure 4. Peak reflection of different spurious modes versus krb: (a) Reflectivity of spurious mode 1 and 3 versus krr and krb, respectively; (b) reflectivity of spurious mode 2 and 4 versus krr and krb, respectively.
图 5 耦合系数krb与伪模2, 4反射率的关系 (a) 伪模2; (b) 伪模4
Figure 5. Relationship between coupling coefficients krb and reflectivity of spurious mode 2 and 4: (a) Spurious mode 2; (b) spurious mode 4.
图 6 哑铃型微腔编码器原理示意图
Figure 6. Schematic of the proposed optical en/decoder; the heater is shown in blue.
图 7 (a) 耦合系数与P/W, P/C的关系; (b) krb = 0.3时, 不同krr取值下, 反射谱特性
Figure 7. (a) Relationship between coupling coefficient and P/W, P/C; (b) when krb = 0.3, the peak reflectance of reflection spectrum corresponding to different krr.
图 8 阵列间距与编解码性能关系
Figure 8. Relationship between array spacing and en/decoding performance.
图 9 不同码字对应的编码后的光谱图与时域波形图
Figure 9. Encoded spectrum and corresponding waveforms for different 2-D optical codes.
图 10 匹配与非匹配的光解码器波形图 (a) 半径相同串联微环编解码器; (b) 哑铃型微环编解码器
Figure 10. Auto-/cross-correlation signals with correct and incorrect codes: (a) Serial microring en/decoder with same radius; (b) dumbbell Microring en/decoder.
表 1 阵列间距对应的码片速率值
Table 1. Chip rate value corresponding to array spacing.
Λ/mm 0.6 0.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chip rate/(Gchip·s–1) 166.7 125 100 50 33.3 25 20 16.7 14.3 12.5 11.1 10 
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表 2 哑铃型微环结构与半径相同串联微环结构性能对比
Table 2. Comparison of dumbbell-shaped micro-ring structure and series micro-ring structure with the same radius.
半径/μm FSR/nm P/W P/C 40-30-40 13 6.39 8.71 40-40-40 3.2 4.78 8.05
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[1] Yeteng T, Tao P, Hua Z, Jilin Z, Guorui S, Juan L 2020 Opt. Fiber Technol. 58 102254
Google Scholar
[2] Mohammad H, Mohammad R P 2017 J. Lightwave Technol. 35 2853
Google Scholar
[3] Ankita R, Deepak K 2019 J. Opt. Commun. 40 463
Google Scholar
[4] 李传起, 孙小菡 2005 量子电子学报 22 326
Google Scholar
Li C Q, Sun X H 2005 Chin. J. Quantum Electron. 22 326
Google Scholar
[5] 李晓滨, 孙玉勇, 宋建中 2003 中国激光 4 353
Google Scholar
Li X B, Sun Y Y, Song J Z 2003 Chin. J. Lasers 4 353
Google Scholar
[6] 刘新宇, 卢金明, 张永林 2006 暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版) 1 66
Liu X Y, Lu J M, Zhang Y L 2006 J. Jinan Univ. (Nat. Sci. Med. Ed.) 1 66
[7] 尹波, 刘必晨, 白瑶晨, 唐敏, 蒋东新 2007 半导体光电 1 108
Google Scholar
Yin B, Liu B C, Bai Y C, Tang M, Jiang D X 2007 Semicond. Optoelectron. 1 108
Google Scholar
[8] 高欢姜, 筱彤, 李萍 2018 光通信技术 42 39
Gao H J, Xiao T, Li P 2018 Opt. Commun. Technol. 42 39
[9] Vahala K J 2003 Nature 424 839
Google Scholar
[10] 张莹, 陈梅雄, 李莹颖, 袁杰 2015 激光与光电子学进展 52 11
Zhang Y, Chen M X, Li Y Y, Yuan J 2015 Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 52 11
[11] 任光辉, 陈少武, 曹彤彤 2012 物理学报 61 034215
Google Scholar
Ren G H, Chen S W, Cao T T 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 034215
Google Scholar
[12] 谷红明, 黄永清, 王欢欢, 武刚, 段晓峰, 刘凯, 任晓敏 2018 物理学报 67 144201
Google Scholar
Gu H M, Huang Y Q, Wang H H, Wu G, Duan X F, Liu K, Ren X M 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 144201
Google Scholar
[13] Ji Z, Jia D G, Nie P Ch, Zhang H X, Zhang D L, Zhang Y M 2015 Opt. Commun. 347 123
Google Scholar
[14] 吉喆, 贾大功, 张红霞, 张德龙, 刘铁根, 张以谟 2015 物理学报 64 034218
Google Scholar
Ji Z, Jia D G, Zhang H X, Zhang D L, Zhang Y M 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 034218
Google Scholar
[15] 涂兴华, 赵宜超 2019 物理学报 68 244204
Google Scholar
Tu X H, Zhao Y C 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 244204
Google Scholar
[16] 徐依全, 王聪 2020 物理学报 69 184216
Google Scholar
Xu Y Q, Wang C 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 184216
Google Scholar
[17] Shah J 2003 Opt. Photonics News 14 42
[18] Anjali A, Paul T, Ronald M 2006 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18 1952
Google Scholar
[19] Anjali A, Paul T, Ronald M, Shahab E, Janet J, Jeffrey Y, Thomas B 2005 J. Lightwave Technol. 24 77
[20] Wang X, Gao Z S 2011 Proceedings of Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings Wuhan, China, November 02, 2011 p833302
[21] Wang X, Gao Z S 2011 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23 591
Google Scholar
[22] Otto S 2007 Opt. Commun. 271 424
Google Scholar
[23] Choi S J, Zhen P, Yang Q, Choi S J, Dapkus P D 2005 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17 106
Google Scholar
[24] 张小贝, 黄德修, 洪伟 2007 光学学报 27 1939
Google Scholar
Zhang X B, Huang D X, Hong W 2007 Acta Opt. Sin. 27 1939
Google Scholar
[25] Fegadolli W S, Vargas G, Wang X, Valini F, Barea L A M, Oliveira J E B, Frateschi N, Scherer A, Almeida V R, Panepucci R R 2012 Opt. Express 20 14722
Google Scholar
[26] Nawrocka M S, Liu T, Wang X 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 071110
Google Scholar
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