Photoionization of Ne and Xe atoms induced by extreme ultraviolet photons

Lei Jian-Ting; Yu Xuan; Shi Guo-Qiang; Yan Shun-Cheng; Sun Shao-Hua; Wang Quan-Jun; Ding Bao-Wei; Ma Xin-Wen; Zhang Shao-Feng; Ding Jing-Jie

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20220341

Abstract

The interaction of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photon with matter is a meaningful way to understand the electronic structure of microscopic particles. In this paper, the electron angular distributions of single ionization and double ionization of Ne and Xe atoms interacting with XUV photons are investigated by utilizing a reaction microscope. The β-asymmetric parameters of 2p electrons of Ne atom, and 5p, 5s electrons of Xe atom combined with the reported experimental data are compared with those from different theoretical models. The result shows that the electron correlation effect can be ignored in the ionization of 2p electron of Ne atom. While the ionization of 5p electron of Xe atom is strongly influenced by the electron correlation effect, but not by the relativistic effect. These two effects play an important role in ionizing the 5s shell of Xe atom. In addition, this study finds that both direct double ionization and indirect double ionization exist simultaneously during the ionization of Xe atom, and gives the photoelectron angular distributions and the β-asymmetric parameters of the first step and the second step of indirect double ionization.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Ding Jing-Jie, dingjj@lzu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11905083, U1932133).

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References

[1]	Leuchs G 1984 Multiphoton Processes Berlin, Heidelberg, September 5−12, 1984 pp48−57
[2]	L'Huillier A, Lompre L A, Mainfray G, Manus C 1983 Phys. Rev. A 27 2503 Google Scholar
[3]	Weber T, Giessen H, Weckenbrock M, Urbasch G, Staudte A 2000 Nature 405 658 Google Scholar
[4]	Imanaka H, Smith M A 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L02204 Google Scholar
[5]	Hell N, Brown G V, Wilms J, Grinberg V, Clementson J, Liedahl D, Porter F S, Kelley R L, Kilbourne C A, Beiersdorfer P 2016 Astrophys. J. 830 26 Google Scholar
[6]	Cooper J W, Fano U, Prats F 1963 Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 518 Google Scholar
[7]	Madden R P, Codling K 1963 Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 516 Google Scholar
[8]	Wuilleumier F, Krause M O 1974 Phys. Rev. A 10 242 Google Scholar
[9]	Becker U, Langer B, Kerkhoff H G, Kupsch M, Szostak D, Wehlitz R, Heimann P A, Liu S H, Lindle D W, Ferrett T A, Shirley D A 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 1490 Google Scholar
[10]	Richter M, Bobashev S V, Sorokin A A, Tiedtke K 2010 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 194005 Google Scholar
[11]	Bolognesi P, Cavanagh S J, Avaldi L, Camilloni R, Zitnik M, Stuhec M, King G C 2000 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 4723 Google Scholar
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[13]	Fano U, Cooper J W 1968 Rev. Mod. Phys. 40 441 Google Scholar
[14]	Wuilleumier F, Adam M Y, Dhez P, Sandner N, Schmidt V, Mehlhorn W 1977 Phys. Rev. A 16 646 Google Scholar
[15]	Johnson W R, Cheng K T 1978 Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 1167 Google Scholar
[16]	Hemmers O, Whitfield S B, Glans P, Wang H, Lindle D W, Wehlitz R, Sellin I A 1998 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 3809 Google Scholar
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[25]	Wiley W C, Mclaren I H 1955 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26 1150 Google Scholar
[26]	Codling K, Houlgate R G, West J B, Woodruff P R 1976 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Phys. 9 L83 Google Scholar
[27]	Dehmer J L, Chupka W A, Berkowitz J, Jivery W T 1975 Phys. Rev. A 12 1966 Google Scholar
[28]	Schmidt V 1986 Photoionization in Rare Gases with Synchrotron Radiation: Some Basic Aspects for Critical Tests with Theory (Vol. 2) pp275−283
[29]	Amusia M Y, Cherepkov N A, Chernysheva L V 1972 Phys. Rev. A 40 15 Google Scholar
[30]	Lagutin B M, Petrov I D, Sukhorukov V L, Whitfield S B, Langer B, Viefhaus J, Wehlitz R, Berrah N, Mahler W, Becker U 1996 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 937 Google Scholar
[31]	Samson J, Stolte W C 2002 J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 123 265 Google Scholar
[32]	Qiao C K, Chi H C, Hsu M C, Zheng X G, Jiang G, Lin S T, Tang C J, Huang K N 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52 075001 Google Scholar
[33]	Fahlman A, Carlson T A, Krause M O 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 1114 Google Scholar
[34]	Samson J A R, Gardner J L 1974 Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 671 Google Scholar
[35]	Krause M O, Carlson T A, Woodruff P R 1981 Phys. Rev. A 24 1374 Google Scholar
[36]	Johnson W R, Cheng K T 1979 Phys. Rev. A 20 978 Google Scholar
[37]	Johnson W R, Cheng K T 2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 022504 Google Scholar
[38]	White M G, Southworth S H, Kobrin P, Poliakoff E D, Rosenberg R A, Shirley D A 1979 Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 1661 Google Scholar
[39]	Dehmer J L, Dill D 1976 Phys. Rev. Lett. 37 1049 Google Scholar
[40]	Eland J H D, Vieuxmaire O, Kinugawa T, Lablanquie P, Hall R I, Penent F 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 053003 Google Scholar

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图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) Ne原子光电子的能谱; (b) 光电子动量在y-z平面内的二维动量分布图, 统计动量$ \left|{P}_{x}\right| < 0.1 $的事件; (c) 2p电子的角分布; (d) 2p电子的β不对称参数随光子能量的变化关系

Figure 2. (a) Energy spectrum of the photoelectron from Ne; (b) density plots of the momentum distribution of the photoelectron on the y-z plane for events with transverse momentum $ \left|{P}_{x}\right| < 0.1 $; (c) angular distribution of 2p electrons; (d) the β-asymmetric parameter for 2p photoionization as a function of the photon energy.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) 入射光子能量为38.8 eV时, Xe原子单电离的出射光电子能谱; (b) Xe原子单电离出射光电子在y-z平面内的二维动量分布

Figure 3. (a) Photoelectron energy spectrum for Xe with 38.8 eV XUV photon; (b) photoelectron momentum distribution of Xe on the y-z plane defined by the XUV polarization.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a), (c) 分别为Xe原子5p电子与5s电子电离的角分布图; (b), (d) 分别为5p电子与5s电子对应的β不对称参数随入射光子能量的变化

Figure 4. (a), (c) Angular distribution of the 5p and 5s photoelectrons of Xe, respectively; (b), (d) β-asymmetric parameter of 5p and 5s electron varies with the photon energy, respectively.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 在38.8 eV XUV光的作用下, Xe原子双电离对应的反应路径; (b) Xe原子单光子双电离的电子能谱; (c) 光电子能量在0−1.5 eV 内的电子角分布; (d) 5.5−7.0 eV 能量的光电子角分布

Figure 5. (a) Typical routes to double ionization of Xe interacting with 38.8 eV XUV photon; (b) kinetic energy distribution of photoelectrons from double ionization of Xe; (c) angular distributions of the photoelectrons energy in the range of 0–1.5 eV; (d) angular distributions of the photoelectrons energy in the range of 5.5–7.0 eV.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 Xe原子不同电子组态及结合能

Table 1. Different electronic configurations and binding energies of Xe atoms.

Xe⁺电子组态	总角动量J	能量/eV	能峰序号
5p⁵	P_3/2	12.10	(1)
5p⁵	P_1/2	13.40	(2)
5s5p⁶	S_1/2	23.30	(3)
5s²5p⁴ (³P)6p	²D_3/2	27.54	(4)
5s²5p⁴ (³P)5d	²D_5/2
5s²5p⁴ (¹D)5d	²P_1/2	27.88
5s²5p⁴ (¹D)5d	²D_3/2	27.97
5s²5p⁴ (¹S)6s	²S_1/2	28.16

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Leuchs G 1984 Multiphoton Processes Berlin, Heidelberg, September 5−12, 1984 pp48−57
[2]	L'Huillier A, Lompre L A, Mainfray G, Manus C 1983 Phys. Rev. A 27 2503 Google Scholar
[3]	Weber T, Giessen H, Weckenbrock M, Urbasch G, Staudte A 2000 Nature 405 658 Google Scholar
[4]	Imanaka H, Smith M A 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L02204 Google Scholar
[5]	Hell N, Brown G V, Wilms J, Grinberg V, Clementson J, Liedahl D, Porter F S, Kelley R L, Kilbourne C A, Beiersdorfer P 2016 Astrophys. J. 830 26 Google Scholar
[6]	Cooper J W, Fano U, Prats F 1963 Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 518 Google Scholar
[7]	Madden R P, Codling K 1963 Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 516 Google Scholar
[8]	Wuilleumier F, Krause M O 1974 Phys. Rev. A 10 242 Google Scholar
[9]	Becker U, Langer B, Kerkhoff H G, Kupsch M, Szostak D, Wehlitz R, Heimann P A, Liu S H, Lindle D W, Ferrett T A, Shirley D A 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 1490 Google Scholar
[10]	Richter M, Bobashev S V, Sorokin A A, Tiedtke K 2010 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 194005 Google Scholar
[11]	Bolognesi P, Cavanagh S J, Avaldi L, Camilloni R, Zitnik M, Stuhec M, King G C 2000 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 4723 Google Scholar
[12]	Hall R I, Ellis K, Mcconkey A, Dawber G, Avaldi L, Macdonald M A, King G C 1992 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 23 377 Google Scholar
[13]	Fano U, Cooper J W 1968 Rev. Mod. Phys. 40 441 Google Scholar
[14]	Wuilleumier F, Adam M Y, Dhez P, Sandner N, Schmidt V, Mehlhorn W 1977 Phys. Rev. A 16 646 Google Scholar
[15]	Johnson W R, Cheng K T 1978 Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 1167 Google Scholar
[16]	Hemmers O, Whitfield S B, Glans P, Wang H, Lindle D W, Wehlitz R, Sellin I A 1998 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 3809 Google Scholar
[17]	Schwarzkopf O, Krässig B, Elmiger J, Schmidt V 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 3008 Google Scholar
[18]	Ueda K, Shimizu Y, Chiba H, Kitajima M, Okamoto M, Hoshino M, Tanaka H, Hayaishi T, Fritzsche S, Sazhina I P, Kabachnik N M 2003 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36 319 Google Scholar
[19]	Dörner R, Vogt T, Mergel V, et al. 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 2654 Google Scholar
[20]	Czasch A, Schöffler M, Hattass M, et al. 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 243003 Google Scholar
[21]	Weber T, Weckenbrock M, Staudte A, Hattass M, Spielberger L, Jagutzki O, Mergel V, Böcking H S, Urbasch G, Giessen H, Bräuning H, Cocke C L, Prior M H, Dörner R 2001 Opt. Express 8 368 Google Scholar
[22]	Dörner R, Mergel V, Jagutzki O, Spielberger L, Ullrich J, Moshammer R, Schmidtböcking H 2000 Phys. Rep. 330 95 Google Scholar
[23]	Hai B, Zhang S F, Zhang M, Najjari B, Dong D P, Lei J T, Zhao D M, Ma X 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 052706 Google Scholar
[24]	Gagnon E, Sandhu A S, Paul A, Hagen K, Czasch A, Jahnke T, Ranitovic P, Lewis Cocke C, Walker B, Murnane M M, Kapteyn H C 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 063102 Google Scholar
[25]	Wiley W C, Mclaren I H 1955 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26 1150 Google Scholar
[26]	Codling K, Houlgate R G, West J B, Woodruff P R 1976 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Phys. 9 L83 Google Scholar
[27]	Dehmer J L, Chupka W A, Berkowitz J, Jivery W T 1975 Phys. Rev. A 12 1966 Google Scholar
[28]	Schmidt V 1986 Photoionization in Rare Gases with Synchrotron Radiation: Some Basic Aspects for Critical Tests with Theory (Vol. 2) pp275−283
[29]	Amusia M Y, Cherepkov N A, Chernysheva L V 1972 Phys. Rev. A 40 15 Google Scholar
[30]	Lagutin B M, Petrov I D, Sukhorukov V L, Whitfield S B, Langer B, Viefhaus J, Wehlitz R, Berrah N, Mahler W, Becker U 1996 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 937 Google Scholar
[31]	Samson J, Stolte W C 2002 J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 123 265 Google Scholar
[32]	Qiao C K, Chi H C, Hsu M C, Zheng X G, Jiang G, Lin S T, Tang C J, Huang K N 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52 075001 Google Scholar
[33]	Fahlman A, Carlson T A, Krause M O 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 1114 Google Scholar
[34]	Samson J A R, Gardner J L 1974 Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 671 Google Scholar
[35]	Krause M O, Carlson T A, Woodruff P R 1981 Phys. Rev. A 24 1374 Google Scholar
[36]	Johnson W R, Cheng K T 1979 Phys. Rev. A 20 978 Google Scholar
[37]	Johnson W R, Cheng K T 2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 022504 Google Scholar
[38]	White M G, Southworth S H, Kobrin P, Poliakoff E D, Rosenberg R A, Shirley D A 1979 Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 1661 Google Scholar
[39]	Dehmer J L, Dill D 1976 Phys. Rev. Lett. 37 1049 Google Scholar
[40]	Eland J H D, Vieuxmaire O, Kinugawa T, Lablanquie P, Hall R I, Penent F 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 053003 Google Scholar

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