Energy harvesting and thermoelectric conversion characteristics based on thermal metamaterials

Li Yi-Ming; Wang Xin; Li Hao; Du Xian; Sun Peng

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20221061

Abstract

Considering the limitations of thermoelectric generators, the integration of thermoelectric generator with two-dimensional fan-shaped thermal metamaterial energy harvesting device is proposed to improve the thermal-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric generator (TEG) by regulating the thermal field. Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics software simulation, the influences of different materials on the performances of energy harvesting devices in thermal field regulation are investigated. The performances of the selected materials are simulated , indicating that the energy harvesting device can effectively regulate heat flow, the temperature gradient in the center of it is increased by eight times compared with the natural material under the same simulation conditions. The generated electrical energy of thermoelectric generators of different sizes is studied, then three-dimensional modeling and processing of the energy harvesting device are completed by carefully considering the processing accuracy and testing difficulty. The experimental test system is set up to observe the temperature distribution of the energy harvesting device equipped with an infrared thermal imager, The test results demonstrate that the energy harvesting device can effectively regulate the thermal field. In comparison with the natural material, the working efficiency of the thermoelectric generators can be increased by 3.2 times under the same experimental condition, which has specific practical significance for promoting the rapid development of thermoelectric power generation technology.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
2.
Transportation Institute, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China

Corresponding author: Wang Xin, wangxin219@imu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Regional Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates, China (Grant No. 202110126036).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 二维扇形能量收集结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of the fan-shaped energy harvesting structure.

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图 2 铝合金与树脂交替排布实现热流调控

Figure 2. Control of the heat flow by alternately arranging the AlSi10Mg and resin.

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图 3 采用不锈钢基底与铝合金基底的能量收集结构温度梯度图

Figure 3. Temperature gradients of energy harvesting structures respectively using stainless steel or AlSi10Mg substrate.

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图 4 单一不锈钢结构与能量收集结构的温度分布与热流分布图　(a) 单一不锈钢结构; (b) 能量收集结构

Figure 4. Temperature and heat flow distribution of single stainless steel structure and energy harvesting structure: (a) Stainless steel structure; (b) energy harvesting structure.

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图 5 温差发电器件放置于单一不锈钢或能量收集结构的电势量　(a) 单一不锈钢结构; (b) 能量收集结构

Figure 5. The power generation of thermoelectric generators placed in a single stainless steel or energy harvesting structure: (a) Stainless steel structure; (b) energy harvesting structure.

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图 6 放置温差发电器前后能量收集结构温度与热流分布图　(a) 放置温差发电器; (b)未放置温差发电器

Figure 6. Temperature and heat flow distribution of the energy harvesting structure before and after placing the thermoelectric generator: (a) With thermoelectric generator; (b) without thermoelectric generator.

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图 7 消费类温差发电器结构示意图

Figure 7. Schematic of common thermoelectric genetators.

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图 8 能量收集结构三维模型图　(a) 不锈钢基底; (b) 树脂扇形区域; (c) 铝合金扇形区域

Figure 8. 3D model diagram of the energy harvesting structure: (a) Stainless steel substrate; (b) resin sectors; (c) AlSi10Mg sectors.

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图 9 集成温差发电器的能量收集结构装配模型图

Figure 9. Model diagram of the energy harvesting structure with the thermoelectric generator.

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图 10 能量收集结构实验测试系统

Figure 10. Experimental test system for energy harvesting structure.

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图 11 单一不锈钢结构实验测试系统

Figure 11. Experimental test system for single stainless steel structure.

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图 12 红外热成像仪测试结果图　(a) 能量收集结构; (b) 单一不锈钢结构

Figure 12. Test results by the infrared thermal imager: (a) Energy harvesting structure; (b) stainless steel structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 Be₂Te₃材料的基本参数

Table 1. Basic parameters of Be₂Te₃ material.

参数名称	取值范围	单位
恒压热容	154	J/(kg·K)
密度	7700	kg/m³
塞贝克系数	2.1×10^–4—2.3×10^–4	V/K
导热系数	1.3—1.6	W/(m·K)
电导率	0.5×10⁵—0.7×10⁵	S/m
相对介电常数	1	量纲一

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 不同厚度温差发电器热电仿真结果

Table 2. Thermoelectric simulation results of thermoelectric generators with different thicknesses.

热电器件厚度/mm	上下两端温差/K	温度梯度/ (K·mm^–1)	产生电势/mV
8	41.5	5.2	–7.57
6	40.4	6.7	–7.34
4	39.7	9.9	–7.12

DownLoad: CSV

表 3 能量收集结构中温差发电片发电量

Table 3. Power generation of the thermoelectric generator placed in the energy harvesting structure.

测试序号	最大发电量/mW	结束时发电量/mW
1	9.91	8.57
2	8.97	7.99
3	9.63	8.31
平均值	9.50	8.29

DownLoad: CSV

表 4 单一不锈钢结构中温差发电片发电量

Table 4. Power generation of the thermoelectric generator placed in the single stainless steel structure.

测试序号	最大发电量/mW	结束时发电量/mW
1	5.07	2.45
2	5.33	2.88
3	5.26	2.23
平均值	5.22	2.52

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	史尧光 2018 博士学位论文 (杭州: 浙江大学) Shi Y G 2018 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University) (in Chinese)
[2]	Snyder G J, Toberer E S 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 105 Google Scholar
[3]	Xing T, Song Q, Qiu P, Zhang Q, Gu M, Xia X, Liao J, Shi X, Chen L 2021 Energy Environ. 14 995 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhang Y, Feng B, Hayashi H, Chang C P, Sheu Y M, Tanaka I, Ikuhara Y, Ohta H 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2224 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhao Y, Yu P, Zhang G, Sun M, Chi D, Hippalgaonkar K, Thong J T L, Wu J 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 2004896 Google Scholar
[6]	Xing T, Zhu C X, Song Q F, Huang H, Xiao J, Ren D D, Shi M J, Qiu P F, Shi X, Xu F F, Chen L D 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2008773 Google Scholar
[7]	Li J, Zhang X, Chen Z, Lin S, Li W, Shen J, Witting I T, Faghaninia A, Chen Y, Jain A, Chen L, Snyder G J, Pei Y 2018 Joule 2 976 Google Scholar
[8]	Zhang Q, Liao B, Lan Y, Lukas K, Liu W, Esfarjani K, Opeil C, Broido D, Chen G, Ren Z 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. 110 13261 Google Scholar
[9]	Hong M, Chen Z G, Yang Y, Zou Y C, Dargusch M S, Wang H, Zou J 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705942 Google Scholar
[10]	Zhai R, Hu L, Wu H, Xu Z, Zhu T J, Zhao X B 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 28577 Google Scholar
[11]	Liu W D, Yu Y, Dargusch M, Liu Q, Chen Z G 2021 Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 141 110800 Google Scholar
[12]	Wang D Z, Liu W D, Li M, Yin L C, Gao H, Sun Q, Wu H, Wang Y F, Shi X L, Yang X N, Liu Q F, Chen Z G 2022 Chem. Engineer. J. 441 136131 Google Scholar
[13]	Yin L C, Liu W D, Li M, Sun Q, Gao H, Wang D Z, Wu H, Wang Y F, Shi X L, Liu Q F, Chen Z G 2021 Adv. Energy Mater. 11 2102913 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhang Q H, Zhou Z X, Maxwell D, Agne M T, Pei Y Z, Wang L J, Tang Y S, Liao J C, Li J, Bai S Q, Jiang W, Chen L D, Gerald J S 2017 Nano Energy 41 501 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhu H T, He R, Mao J, Zhu Q, Li C H, Sun J F, Ren W Y, Wang Y M, Liu Z H, Tang Z J, Sotnikov A, Wang Z M, Broido D, Singh D J, Chen G, Nielsch K, Ren Z F 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2497 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang Q H, Liao J C, Yunshan T, Ming G, Ming C, Qiu P, Bai S, Shi X, Uher C, Chen L D 2017 Energy Environ. Sci. 10 956 Google Scholar
[17]	Jood P, Ohta M, Yamamoto A, Kanatzidis M G 2018 Joule 2 1339 Google Scholar
[18]	Chu J, Huang J, Liu R H, Liao J C, Xia X G, Zhang Q H, Wang C, Gu M, Bai S Q, Shi X, Chen L D 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2723 Google Scholar
[19]	Kumar M, Rani S, Singh Y, Gour K S, Singh V N 2020 J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 20 3636 Google Scholar
[20]	Shi W C, Stedman T, Woods L M 2019 J. Phys. Energy 1 025002 Google Scholar
[21]	Fan C Z, Gao Y, Huang J P 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 251907 Google Scholar
[22]	Li J Y, Gao Y, Huang J P 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 074504 Google Scholar
[23]	Sheng S, Asegun H, Jonathan T, Zheng R, Chenet G 2010 Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 251 Google Scholar
[24]	Sebastien G, Claude A, Denis V 2012 Opt. Express 20 8207 Google Scholar
[25]	Schittny R, Kadic M, Guenneau S, Wegener M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 195901 Google Scholar
[26]	Ma Y G, Lan L, Jiang W, Sun F, He S 2013 NPG Asia Mater. 5 1
[27]	Lan C W, Li B, Zhou J 2015 Opt. Express 23 24475 Google Scholar
[28]	García-Meca C, Barceló C 2016 J. Optics. 18 044026 Google Scholar
[29]	Shen X Y, Li Y, Jiang C R, Ni Y S, Huang J P 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 031907 Google Scholar
[30]	Stedman T, Woods L M 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 6988 Google Scholar
[31]	Xu L J, Zhao X T, Zhang Y P, Huang J P 2020 Eur. Phys. J. B. 93 101 Google Scholar
[32]	Hou Q W, Zhao X P, Meng T, Liu C L 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 103506 Google Scholar
[33]	Shen X Y, Li Y, Jiang C R, Huang J P 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 055501 Google Scholar
[34]	Wang J, Shang J, Huang J P 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 11 024053 Google Scholar
[35]	Yang T Z, Bai X, Gao D L, Wu L Z, Li B W, Thong J T L, Qiu C W 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 7752 Google Scholar
[36]	Liu W M, Lan C W, Ji M W, Yao J T 2017 Global Challenges 1 1700017 Google Scholar
[37]	Han T C, Bai X, Liu D, Gao D L, Li B W, Thong J T L, Qiu C W 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10242 Google Scholar
[38]	刘文美 2017 硕士学位论文 (北京: 清华大学) Liu W M 2017 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: Tsinghua University) (in Chinese)
[39]	张胜, 徐艳松, 孙姗姗, 臧文慧, 孙军, 谷晓昱 2016 中国塑料 30 7 Google Scholar Zhang S, Xu Y S, Sun S S, Zang W H, Sun J, Gu X Y 2016 China Plastics 30 7 Google Scholar
[40]	陈彩珠, 潘汉军 2016 工程塑料应用 44 146 Google Scholar Chen C Z, Pan H J 2016 Engineer. Plastic Appl. 44 146 Google Scholar
[41]	刘金城 2021 铸造 70 1372 Google Scholar Liu J C 2021 Foundry 70 1372 Google Scholar
[42]	Sanad M F, Shalan A E, Abdellatif S O, Shalan A E, Serea E S A, Adly M S, Ahsan M A 2020 Topics Curr. Chem. 378 1 Google Scholar

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