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Space coherent optical communication technology is considered a significant approach for overcoming the current bottleneck in high-speed space communication; yet, atmospheric turbulence severely restricts its implementation. This paper first investigated the random distribution characteristics of the amplitude and phase of a Gaussian beam after it is transmitted through atmospheric turbulence based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle and the low-frequency compensation power spectrum inversion method. Then, using the coherent mixing efficiency and communication bit error rate model, the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the performance of spatial coherent optical communication systems is obtained; Finally, a laser heterodyne detection experimental system was built to quantitatively study the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the coherent detection performance of spatial coherent optical communication. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.The spatial phase distortion caused by the weak turbulence channel is relatively small and will hardly affect the light intensity distribution characteristics of the Gaussian beam. In the case of weak turbulence, the impact of weak turbulence on the performance of coherent optical communication systems is almost negligible. The communication bit error rate will decrease rapidly as the number of single bit data photons increases. The communication signal-to-noise ratio can be ensured to be better than 10-5 when the number of single-bit photons is greater than 10. 2.Moderate turbulence will change the intensity distribution characteristics of the Gaussian beam, but will not cause a serious shift in the center of the spot. Under moderate turbulence conditions, the coherent mixing efficiency decreases rapidly as the turbulence intensity continues to increase, but the communication bit error rate still decreases rapidly as the number of single bit data photons increases. At this time, increasing the number of single-bit photons can suppress the negative impact of moderate intensity turbulence on the performance of coherent optical communication systems. 3.Strong turbulence will cause severe spatial phase distortion of the beam, destroy the consistency of the light intensity distribution, and cause a serious shift in the center of the spot. Under strong turbulence conditions, the coherent mixing efficiency of coherent optical communication systems approaches zero, and increasing the number of single bit data photons cannot significantly reduce the bit error rate, seriously affecting the quality of coherent optical communication. Atmospheric turbulence is an important limiting factor for the development of space coherent optical communication, and this study can provide useful references for the performance evaluation of space coherent optical communication systems.
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Keywords:
- Space Coherent Optical Communication /
- Atmospheric turbulence /
- Mixing efficiency /
- Bit error rate
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