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提出一种基于共享孔径技术设计低雷达散射截面（Radar Cross Section, RCS）电磁超构表面天线的新方法. 该方法首先设计具有低RCS性能的超构表面，然后借鉴共享孔径技术思想，将超构表面和传统天线的辐射结构直接共享口径紧密排列，得到新型低RCS天线结构，并结合电流分析和局部结构修正，优化天线的辐射性能，最终同时实现天线的良好辐射和宽带低RCS性能. 为了阐明该方法，基于极化旋转机理设计了一款低RCS超构表面，采用共享孔径思想和电流分析，得到了一款宽带低RCS超构表面天线，详细分析了该天线的工作机理与性能. 结果表明：设计的天线在保证较好辐射的同时，实现了超宽带RCS减缩，提出的设计方法摒弃了从天线到低RCS天线的传统设计思路，通过逆向思维，将散射的优化问题转化为辐射的优化问题，不仅实现了天线与超构表面的一体化设计，还显著降低了低RCS天线优化设计的难度，加速了天线优化进程.In this paper, a novel shared-aperture method of electromagnetic metasurface and antenna is proposed to obtain low radar-cross-section (RCS) performance. This method first designs low-RCS metasurface and conventional antenna independently, and then obtains novel low-RCS antenna by combining this metasurface with conventional antenna based on shared-aperture technique. Besides, current analysis and consequent local structure modification are also conducted to guarantee the antenna’s good radiation performance and broadband RCS reduction in the meantime. Using this method, a dual-layer polarization rotation unit cell is first proposed and its broadband working principle is investigated by both theoretical analysis and numerical comparison. Based on this unit cell, a broadband low-RCS metasurface is constructed. Then an initial shared-aperture metasurface antenna is obtained by substituting the middle cells in the metasurface with conventional patch antenna directly. Through careful analysis of surface current in radiation mode, the gain decrease of this metasurface antenna is revealed. On this basis, a limited removing strategy is put forward and some metasurface cells in the antenna is removed with the aid of current analysis. Consequently, an improved shared-aperture metasurface antenna is proposed. (The design flow of this metasurface antenna is displayed in the following Fig. 1) This improved antenna works from 6.3 GHz to 7.48 GHz, which is a bit wider than conventional patch antenna. Its gain is also higher than conventional antenna with the maximum improvement of 1 dB. Meanwhile, apparent RCS reduction is obtained from 6 GHz to 16 GHz for any polarized incident wave, and the reduction peak is larger than 20 dB. Fabrications and measurements are finally conducted. The good agreements of measured results and numerical calculations are achieved. The well-behaved radiation performance and broadband low-RCS property of this metasurface antenna verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Different from most reported design method of low-RCS antenna directly from conventional antenna, the proposed method adopts a reverse thinking and converts the scattering optimization to radiation optimization, realizing the integration of metasurface and antenna, and making the design of low-RCS antenna easier and faster.
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Keywords:
- electromagnetic metasurface /
- antenna /
- shared-aperture technique /
- low radar cross section
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