共享孔径人工电磁媒质设计及其在高增益低雷达散射截面天线中的应用

李文强; 曹祥玉; 高军; 郑月军; 杨欢欢; 李思佳; 赵一

doi:10.7498/aps.64.054101

摘要

提出了一种具有部分反射特性和吸波特性的共享孔径人工电磁媒质(shared aperture metamaterial, SA-MTM).该媒质由上层斜十字金属图案加载集总电阻的吸波表面、下层开条带缝隙金属面的部分反射表面以及中间介质层构成, 吸波表面和部分反射表面在垂直维度上共享了一个物理孔径使该媒质同时实现了吸波特性和部分反射特性.将SA-MTM与天线一体化设计, 利用SA-MTM的部分反射表面和天线表面构成的法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot, F-P)谐振腔提升天线的增益, 利用SA-MTM的吸波表面吸收入射电磁波实现低雷达散射截面(radar section cross, RCS)天线的设计.仿真和实验结果表明, SA-MTM 的加载使天线的前向增益在5.57–5.94 GHz 的工作带宽范围内都提升了3 dB以上, 且天线的后向RCS在2–9 GHz范围内都有明显的减缩.该研究成果克服了天线辐射性能和散射性能无法兼顾的矛盾, 对高增益低RCS天线的设计具有重要的指导意义.

关键词:

Abstract

A shared aperture metamaterial (SA-MTM) with partially reflection and absorber characteristics is presented. The SA-MTM is composed of two metallic layers separated by a dielectric spacer; the top absorbing surface (AS) consists of oblique cross metallic pattern loaded with lumped resistances, and the bottom partially reflecting surface (PRS) consists of etched parallel slots in a metallic layer. An SA-MTM with partial reflection and absorption characteristics is fulfilled by making the absorbing surface and partially reflecting surface shared the same aperture in the vertical direction. The SA-MTM is applied to the waveguide slot antenna; the Fabry-Perot resonance cavity constructed by the PRS and the metallic ground layer of the waveguide slot antenna can achieve high gain, while the AS can obtain the low radar cross section (RCS) characteristic antenna by absorbing the incident wave. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the antenna with SA-MTM gain is enhanced above 3 dB in the operation frequency range, the backscattering RCS is obviously reduced in a frequency range of 2–9 GHz. This idea can help us design a high gain and low RCS antenna, which overcomes the conflict between scattering and radiation performance of antenna.

Keywords:

shared aperture metamaterials (SA-MTM) /
partially reflecting surface (PRS) /
absorbing surface (AS) /
radar cross section (RCS)

作者及机构信息

1.
空军工程大学信息与导航学院, 西安 710077

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 60671001, 61271100, 61471389)、陕西省自然科学基础研究重点项目(批准号: 2010JZ010)、中国博士后科学基金(批准号: 2012T50878), 陕西省自然科学基础研究项目(批准号: SJ08-ZT06, 2012JM8003)和空军工程大学信息与导航学院博士创新基金(批准号: KGD103201402)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Information and Navigation of AFEU, Xi'an 710077, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60671001, 61271100, 61471389), the Key Program of Natural Science Basic Research of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2010JZ010), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2012T50878), the Natural Science Basic Research of Shanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. SJ08-ZT06, 2012JM8003), and the Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Information and Navigation college of AFEU, China (Grant No. KGD103201402).

参考文献

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[5]	Simms S, Fusco V 2008 Electronics Letters 44 316
[6]	Jiang W, Liu Y, Gong S X, Hong T 2009 IEEE Anten. Wirel. Propag. Lett. 8 1275
[7]	Sievenpiper D, Zhang L J, Broas R F J, Alex'opolous N G, Yablonovitch E 1999 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47 2059
[8]	Smith D R, Padilla W J, Vier D C, Nemat-Nasser S C, Schultz S 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4184
[9]	Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
[10]	Pendry J B, Schurig D, Smith D R 2006 Science 312 1780
[11]	Wang G D, Liu M H, Hu X W, Kong L H, Cheng L L, Chen Z Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 017802
[12]	Lin B Q, Zhao S H, Wei W, Da X Y, Zheng Q R, Zhang H Y, Zhu M 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 024201
[13]	Zhou H, Qu S B, Lin B Q, Wang J F, Ma H, Xu Z, Peng W D, Bai P 2012 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 60 3040
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[16]	Tan Y, Yuan N, Yang Y, Fu Y 2011 Electronics Letters 47 10
[17]	Zhao Y, Cao X Y, Gao J, Li W Q 2013 Electronics Letters 49 1312
[18]	Liu T, Cao X Y, Gao J, Zheng Q R, Li W Q, Yang H H 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 1479
[19]	Yang H H, Cao X Y, Gao J, Liu T, Ma J J, Yao X, Li W Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064103 (in Chinese) [杨欢欢, 曹祥玉, 高军, 刘涛, 马家俊, 姚旭, 李文强 2013 物理学报 62 064103]
[20]	Zhang J J, Wang J H, Chen M E 2012 IEEE Anten. Wirel. Propag. Lett. 11 1048
[21]	Yuan Z D, Gao J, Cao X Y, Yang H H, Yang Q, Li W Q, Shang K 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 014102 (in Chinese) [袁子东, 高军, 曹祥玉, 杨欢欢, 杨群, 李文强, 商楷 2014 物理学报 63 014102]
[22]	Pan W B, Huang C, Chen P, Ma X L, Hu C G, Luo X G 2014 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62 945
[23]	Feresidis A P, Vardaxoglou J C 2001 IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag 148 345
[24]	Weily A R, Bird T S, Guo Y J 2008 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 56 3382
[25]	Ge Y, Esselle K P, Bird T S 2012 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 60 743
[26]	Pendry J B, Holden A J, Stewart W J 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4773
[27]	Falcone F, Lopetegi T, Laso M A G, Baena J D, Bonache J, Beruete M, Marques R, Martin F, Sorolla M 2004 Phys Rev Lett. 93 197401
[28]	Lu L, Qu S B, Ma H, Xia S, Xu Z, Wang J F, Yu F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 034206 (in Chinese) [鲁磊, 屈绍波, 马华, 夏颂, 徐卓, 王甲富, 余斐 2013 物理学报 62 034206]

施引文献

[1]	Sang J H 2013 Low-observable Technologies of Aircraft (First Edition) (Beijing: Aviation Industry Press) p1 (in Chinese) [桑建华 2013 飞行器隐身技术 (第1版) (北京: 航空工业出版社) 第1页]
[2]	Kraus J D, Marhefka R J 2002 Antennas (New York: Mc-Graw-Hill)
[3]	Gao Q, Yin Y, Yan D B 2005 Electronics Letters 41 3
[4]	Yang J, Shen Z 2007 IEEE Anten. Wirel. Propag. Lett. 6 388
[5]	Simms S, Fusco V 2008 Electronics Letters 44 316
[6]	Jiang W, Liu Y, Gong S X, Hong T 2009 IEEE Anten. Wirel. Propag. Lett. 8 1275
[7]	Sievenpiper D, Zhang L J, Broas R F J, Alex'opolous N G, Yablonovitch E 1999 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47 2059
[8]	Smith D R, Padilla W J, Vier D C, Nemat-Nasser S C, Schultz S 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4184
[9]	Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
[10]	Pendry J B, Schurig D, Smith D R 2006 Science 312 1780
[11]	Wang G D, Liu M H, Hu X W, Kong L H, Cheng L L, Chen Z Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 017802
[12]	Lin B Q, Zhao S H, Wei W, Da X Y, Zheng Q R, Zhang H Y, Zhu M 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 024201
[13]	Zhou H, Qu S B, Lin B Q, Wang J F, Ma H, Xu Z, Peng W D, Bai P 2012 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 60 3040
[14]	Genovesi S, Costa F, Monorchio A 2012 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 60 2327
[15]	Li Y Q, Zhang H, Fu Y Q, Yuan N C 2008 IEEE Anten. Wirel. Propag. Lett. 7 473
[16]	Tan Y, Yuan N, Yang Y, Fu Y 2011 Electronics Letters 47 10
[17]	Zhao Y, Cao X Y, Gao J, Li W Q 2013 Electronics Letters 49 1312
[18]	Liu T, Cao X Y, Gao J, Zheng Q R, Li W Q, Yang H H 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 1479
[19]	Yang H H, Cao X Y, Gao J, Liu T, Ma J J, Yao X, Li W Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064103 (in Chinese) [杨欢欢, 曹祥玉, 高军, 刘涛, 马家俊, 姚旭, 李文强 2013 物理学报 62 064103]
[20]	Zhang J J, Wang J H, Chen M E 2012 IEEE Anten. Wirel. Propag. Lett. 11 1048
[21]	Yuan Z D, Gao J, Cao X Y, Yang H H, Yang Q, Li W Q, Shang K 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 014102 (in Chinese) [袁子东, 高军, 曹祥玉, 杨欢欢, 杨群, 李文强, 商楷 2014 物理学报 63 014102]
[22]	Pan W B, Huang C, Chen P, Ma X L, Hu C G, Luo X G 2014 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62 945
[23]	Feresidis A P, Vardaxoglou J C 2001 IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag 148 345
[24]	Weily A R, Bird T S, Guo Y J 2008 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 56 3382
[25]	Ge Y, Esselle K P, Bird T S 2012 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 60 743
[26]	Pendry J B, Holden A J, Stewart W J 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4773
[27]	Falcone F, Lopetegi T, Laso M A G, Baena J D, Bonache J, Beruete M, Marques R, Martin F, Sorolla M 2004 Phys Rev Lett. 93 197401
[28]	Lu L, Qu S B, Ma H, Xia S, Xu Z, Wang J F, Yu F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 034206 (in Chinese) [鲁磊, 屈绍波, 马华, 夏颂, 徐卓, 王甲富, 余斐 2013 物理学报 62 034206]

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