长程铯里德堡分子的势能曲线

韩小萱; 赵建明; 李昌勇; 贾锁堂

doi:10.7498/aps.64.133202

摘要

本文介绍了半经典近似下的低能电子-原子散射理论, 引入贋势描述里德堡电子与基态原子的相互作用, 数值计算了铯原子nS (n=30-60)里德堡态与6S基态原子形成的长程里德堡分子的势能曲线. 并对最外层势阱进行分析, 获得长程里德堡分子的势阱深度、平衡距离与主量子数n的关系. 为实验制备里德堡分子并进一步分析其性质提供理论依据. 里德堡分子对外界非常敏感, 可用于微弱信号的检测.

关键词:

Rydberg atom, with a large principal quantum number n, has big size, long lifetime, strong long-range interactions, and so on. These properties make Rydberg atoms potential candidate of quantum gate and single-photon source. Rydberg electron can interact with nearby ground-state atom, which is polarized by the Rydberg electron and is bound to the orbit of Rydberg electrons forming Rydberg molecule. As the kinetic energy of the Rydberg electron is very low, only the lowest partial waves will contribute to the molecular potential.#br#In this paper, the low electron-atom scattering with the semi-classical approximation is introduced, and the pseudopotential of interaction between Rydberg electron and ground-state atom is used to describe the long-range Rydberg molecular potential. Molecular potential curves for cesium (nS, n=30-60) are plotted according to the results of numerical computation, from which the outermost potential depth De and the equilibrium distance r0 of long-range cesium Rydberg molecule are deduced. Potential curves of cesium Rydberg molecules are consistent with the distribution curves in radial probability densities of cesium Rydberg electrons. Dependences of De and r0 on the principal quantum number n are investigated, this has an important role for the experimental measurements. The size of a Rydberg molecule depends on the equilibrium distance r0 and is proportional to the square of effective principal quantum number (n-δ )2. The calculated outermost potential depth De of Rydberg molecule becomes smaller with the increase of principal quantum number n. Rydberg molecule is very sensitive to the external field and can be used to measure and monitor weak signals.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
山西大学激光光谱研究所, 量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室, 太原 030006

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2012CB921603),国家自然科学基金(批准号:11274209,61475090,61378013,61378039)和山西省留学基金(批准号:2014-009)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB921603), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11274209, 61475090, 61378013, 61378039), and the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (Grant No. 2014-009).

参考文献

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[3]	Farooqi S M, Tong D, Krishnan S, Stanojevic J, Zhang Y P, Ensher J R, Estrin A S, Boisseau C, Côté R, Eyler E E, Gould P L 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 183002
[4]	Overstreet K R, Schwettmann A, Tallant J, Shaffer J P 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 011403
[5]	Greene C H, Dickinson A S, Sadeghpour H R 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2458
[6]	Fermi E 1934 Nuovo Cimento 11 157
[7]	Vadla C, Horvatic V, Niemax K 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 052506
[8]	Bendkowsky V, Butscher B, Nipper J, Balewski J B, Shaffer J P, Löw R, Pfau T, Li W, Stanojevic J, Pohl T, Rost J M 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 163201
[9]	Butscher B, Bendkowsky V, Nipper J, Balewski J B, Kukota L, Löw R, Pfau T, Li W, Pohl T, Rost J M 2011 J. Phys. B 44 184004
[10]	Samboy N, Stanojevic J, Côté R 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 050501
[11]	Butscher B, Nipper J, Balewski J B, Kukota L, Bendkowsky V, Löw R, Pfau T 2010 Nature Phys. 6 970
[12]	Li W, Pohl T, Rost J M, Rittenhouse Seth T, Sadeghpour H R, Nipper J, Butscher B, Balewski J B, Bendkowsky V, Löw R, Pfau T 2011 Science 334 1110
[13]	Mayle M, Rittenhouse S T, Schmelcher P, Sadeghpour H R 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 052511
[14]	Kurz M, Schmelcher P 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 022501
[15]	Krupp A T, Gaj A, Balewski J B, Ilzhöfer P, Hofferberth S, Löw R, Pfau T, Kurz M, Schmelcher P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143008
[16]	Kurz M, Schmelcher P 2014 J. Phys. B 47 165101
[17]	Bendkowsky V 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Universität Stuttgart)
[18]	Blatt J M, Jackson J D 1949 Phys. Rev. 76 18
[19]	O'Malley T F, Spruch L, Rosenberg L 1961 J. Math. Phys. 2 491
[20]	Omont A 1997 Journal de Physique 38 1343
[21]	Bhatti S A, Cromer C L, Cooke W E 1981 Phys. Rev. A 24 161
[22]	He X H, Li B W, Zhang C X 1989 Acta Phys. Sin. 38 1717 (in Chinese) [何兴虹, 李白文, 张承修 1989 物理学报 38 1717]
[23]	Fabrikant I I 1986 J. Phys. B 19 1527
[24]	Bahrim C, Thumm U, Fabrikant I I 2001 J. Phys. B 34 L195
[25]	Bahrim C, Thumm U 2000 Phys. Rev. A 61 022722
[26]	Bendkowsky V, Butscher B, Nipper J, Shaffer J P, Löw R, Pfau T 2009 Nature 458 1005
[27]	Lorenzen C -J, Niemax K 1984 Z. phys. A 315 127
[28]	Overstreet K R, Schwettmann A, Tallant J, Booth D, Shaffer J P 2009 Nature Phys. 5 581

施引文献

[1]	Gallagher T F 1994 Rydberg Atoms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p11-47
[2]	Boisseau C, Simbotin I, Côté R 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 133004
[3]	Farooqi S M, Tong D, Krishnan S, Stanojevic J, Zhang Y P, Ensher J R, Estrin A S, Boisseau C, Côté R, Eyler E E, Gould P L 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 183002
[4]	Overstreet K R, Schwettmann A, Tallant J, Shaffer J P 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 011403
[5]	Greene C H, Dickinson A S, Sadeghpour H R 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2458
[6]	Fermi E 1934 Nuovo Cimento 11 157
[7]	Vadla C, Horvatic V, Niemax K 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 052506
[8]	Bendkowsky V, Butscher B, Nipper J, Balewski J B, Shaffer J P, Löw R, Pfau T, Li W, Stanojevic J, Pohl T, Rost J M 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 163201
[9]	Butscher B, Bendkowsky V, Nipper J, Balewski J B, Kukota L, Löw R, Pfau T, Li W, Pohl T, Rost J M 2011 J. Phys. B 44 184004
[10]	Samboy N, Stanojevic J, Côté R 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 050501
[11]	Butscher B, Nipper J, Balewski J B, Kukota L, Bendkowsky V, Löw R, Pfau T 2010 Nature Phys. 6 970
[12]	Li W, Pohl T, Rost J M, Rittenhouse Seth T, Sadeghpour H R, Nipper J, Butscher B, Balewski J B, Bendkowsky V, Löw R, Pfau T 2011 Science 334 1110
[13]	Mayle M, Rittenhouse S T, Schmelcher P, Sadeghpour H R 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 052511
[14]	Kurz M, Schmelcher P 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 022501
[15]	Krupp A T, Gaj A, Balewski J B, Ilzhöfer P, Hofferberth S, Löw R, Pfau T, Kurz M, Schmelcher P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143008
[16]	Kurz M, Schmelcher P 2014 J. Phys. B 47 165101
[17]	Bendkowsky V 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Universität Stuttgart)
[18]	Blatt J M, Jackson J D 1949 Phys. Rev. 76 18
[19]	O'Malley T F, Spruch L, Rosenberg L 1961 J. Math. Phys. 2 491
[20]	Omont A 1997 Journal de Physique 38 1343
[21]	Bhatti S A, Cromer C L, Cooke W E 1981 Phys. Rev. A 24 161
[22]	He X H, Li B W, Zhang C X 1989 Acta Phys. Sin. 38 1717 (in Chinese) [何兴虹, 李白文, 张承修 1989 物理学报 38 1717]
[23]	Fabrikant I I 1986 J. Phys. B 19 1527
[24]	Bahrim C, Thumm U, Fabrikant I I 2001 J. Phys. B 34 L195
[25]	Bahrim C, Thumm U 2000 Phys. Rev. A 61 022722
[26]	Bendkowsky V, Butscher B, Nipper J, Shaffer J P, Löw R, Pfau T 2009 Nature 458 1005
[27]	Lorenzen C -J, Niemax K 1984 Z. phys. A 315 127
[28]	Overstreet K R, Schwettmann A, Tallant J, Booth D, Shaffer J P 2009 Nature Phys. 5 581

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