Impedance characteristics of magnetoelectric antennas

Song Kai-Xin; Min Shu-Gang; Gao Jun-Qi; Zhang Shuang-Jie; Mao Zhi-Neng; Shen Ying; Chu Zhao-Qiang

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20220591

Abstract

Mechanical antenna, a novel scheme for realizing very low frequency (VLF) and portable transmitters, has been investigated recently. In this work, the impedance characteristics of 1-1 type of and 2-1 type of magnetoelectric (ME) mechanical antennas are systematically studied and compared with each other. Based on the measured frequency-impedance curves and the corresponding modified Butterworth-van Dyke (MBVD) model, three characteristic frequency points, i.e. the minimum impedance frequency $ {f}_{\rm{m}} $, the series resonance frequency $ {f}_{\rm{s}} $, and the resonance frequency $ {f}_{\rm{r}} $ are obtained and discussed. On this basis, the influence of driving voltage, bias magnetic field, and the quality factor (Q value) on ME antenna impedance characteristics are experimentally explored. Finally, the reactance components of both 1-1 type of and 2-1 type of ME antenna are collected by referring to the actual working frequency $ {f}_{\rm{d}} $. Experimental results prove that the resonant ME antennas are basically pure resistive vibrators, while an ME antenna with high Q value normally fails to support high driving field because of the low resistance (< 100 Ω) and the strong nonlinearity. Thus, the field radiation capability in 2-1 type of ME antenna is higher than that in 1-1 typed one. This work provides the ideas for choosing Q value and further optimizing a magnetoelectric antenna based on the understanding of its impedance characteristics.

Keywords:

Erratum

Erratum: Impedance characteristics of magnetoelectric antennas [Acta Phys. Sin. 2022, 71(24): 247502]

Song Kai-Xin, Min Shu-Gang, Gao Jun-Qi, Zhang Shuang-Jie, Mao Zhi-Neng, Shen Ying, Chu Zhao-Qiang. Erratum: Impedance characteristics of magnetoelectric antennas [Acta Phys. Sin. 2022, 71(24): 247502]. Acta Phys. Sin., 2023, 72(3): 039901. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220591

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (Harbin Engineering University), Harbin 150001, China
3.
Underwater Acoustics College of Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
4.
Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266071, China

Corresponding author: Gao Jun-Qi, gaojunqi@hrbeu.edu.cn ; Chu Zhao-Qiang, zhaoqiangchu@hrbeu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52102127), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2021QF021), and the Foundation of National Defense Key Laboratory, China (Grant No. KY10500220007).

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References

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[2]	Troy Olsson P M 2017 A MEchanically Based Antenna (AMEBA) (DARP: HR001117S0007)
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图 1 (a) 1-1型和(b) 2-1型磁电机械天线结构示意图及实物图; (c) 1-1型和(d) 2-1型磁电机械天线的正、逆磁电系数的频响曲线; 对于正磁电系数的测量, 激励磁场为50 nT; 对于逆磁电系数的测量, 驱动电压为0.7 V

Figure 1. Schematic diagram and the snapshot of 1-1 type (a) of and 2-1 type (b) of magnetoelectric antenna; (c), (d) the direct magnetoelectric coefficient $ {\alpha }_{\rm{M}\rm{E}} $ and the converse counterpart $ {\alpha }_{\rm{E}\rm{M}} $ as a function of driving frequency for 1-1 type (c) of and 2-1 type (d) of magnetoelectric antenna. The driven magnetic field for direct magnetoelectric coefficient measurement and the driven voltage for converse magnetoelectric coefficient measurement is 50 nT and 0.7 V, respectively.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同驱动条件下磁电机械天线的阻抗特性　(a), (b) 不同驱动电压下(a) 1-1型和(b) 2-1型磁电机械天线的阻抗、阻抗角频响曲线; (c), (d) 不同直流偏置磁场下(c) 1-1型和(d) 2-1型磁电机械天线的阻抗频响曲线

Figure 2. Impedance characteristics of 1-1 type (a), (c) of and 2-1 type (b), (d) of magnetoelectric antenna under different drivenconditions: (a), (b) Different driven voltages with constant bias fields; (c), (d) different bias fields with constant driven voltage.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 磁电机械天线的等效电路MBVD模型

Figure 3. Equivalent circuit MBVD model of magnetoelectric antenna.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a), (c) 1-1型和(b), (d) 2-1型磁电机械天线的实测阻抗曲线及其拟合计算结果. (c), (d)分别标注了对应的3种特征频率$ {f}_{\rm{m}}, {f}_{\rm{s}}, {f}_{\rm{r}} $

Figure 4. Measured and the fitted impedance curves for 1-1 type (a), (c) of and the 2-1 type (b), (d) of magnetoelectric antenna. Three kinds of resonance frequencies $ {f}_{\rm{m}}, {f}_{\rm{s}}, {f}_{\rm{r}} $ are marked on panel (c) and (d).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a), (c) 1-1型和(b), (d) 2-1型磁电机械天线的3种特征频率($ {f}_{\rm{m}}, {f}_{\rm{s}}, {f}_{\rm{r}} $)与驱动电压(a), (b)和偏置磁场(c), (d)的关系.

Figure 5. Three kinds of resonance frequencies $ {f}_{\rm{m}}, {f}_{\rm{s}}, {f}_{\rm{r}} $ for 1-1 type (a), (c) of and 2-1 type (b), (d) of magnetoelectric antenna as a function of the driven voltage (a), (b) and the applied bias field (c), (d).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同驱动电压下, 1-1型(a)和2-1型(b)磁电机械天线辐射场强(以接收螺线管中的感应电流为替代测试对象)的扫频曲线;不同驱动电压下, 1-1型(c)和2-1型(d)磁电机械天线的3种特征频率与实际工作频率(对应于接收信号频响曲线的最高值); 不同激励电压下1-1型(e)和2-1型(f)磁电机械天线实际工作的电阻和相角

Figure 6. Induced current in the pick-up coil as a function of the driving frequency under different driving voltages for 1-1 type (a) of and 2-1 type (b) of magnetoelectric antenna; three kinds of resonance frequencies ($ {f}_{\rm{m}}, {f}_{\rm{s}}, {f}_{\rm{r}} $) and the working frequency $ {f}_{\rm{d}} $ as a function of the driving voltages for 1-1 type (c) of and 2-1 type (d) of magnetoelectric antenna; the resistance component and the phase angle of 1-1 type (e) of and 2-1 type (f) of magnetoelectric antenna under different driving voltage.

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图 7 1-1型和2-1型磁电机械天线辐射能力对比　(a) 1-1型磁电机械天线在正向扫场下的辐射磁场大小; (b) 2-1型磁电机械天线在正反向扫场下的辐射磁场

Figure 7. Comparison of the radiation capability of magnetoelectric antennas with different Q values: The received magnetic field from 1-1 type (a) of and 2-1 type (b) of magnetoelectric antenna by electric field sweeping.

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[1]	Domann J P, Carman G P 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 121 044905 Google Scholar
[2]	Troy Olsson P M 2017 A MEchanically Based Antenna (AMEBA) (DARP: HR001117S0007)
[3]	Bickford J A, Duwel A E, Weinberg M S, McNabb R S, Freeman D K, Ward P A 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 2209 Google Scholar
[4]	Manteghi M 2019 IEEE Antennas Propag. 61 14
[5]	施伟, 周强, 刘斌 2019 物理学报 68 188401 Google Scholar Shi W, Zhou Q, Liu B 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 188401 Google Scholar
[6]	崔勇, 王琛, 宋晓 2021 自动化学报 47 1335 Google Scholar Cui Y, Wang C, Song X 2021 Acta Automatica. Sin. 47 1335 Google Scholar
[7]	丁春全, 宋海洋 2019 舰船电子工程 39 166 Google Scholar Ding C Q, Song H Y 2019 Ship Electron. Eng. 39 166 Google Scholar
[8]	周强, 施伟, 刘斌, 魏志虎, 何攀峰, 张江 2020 国防科技大学学报 4 128 Google Scholar Zhou Q, Shi W, Liu B, Wei Z H, He P F, Zhang J 2020 J. National Univ. Defense Tech. 4 128 Google Scholar
[9]	王晓煜, 张雯厚, 孙丽慧, 周鑫, 曹振新, 全鑫 2021 电子学报 49 824 Google Scholar Wang X Y, Zhang W H, Sun L H, Zhou X, Cao Z X, Quan X 2021 Acta Electron. Sin. 49 824 Google Scholar
[10]	Xu J R, Leung C M, Zhuang X, Li J F, Bhardwaj S, Volakis J, Viehland D 2019 Sensors 19 853 Google Scholar
[11]	Luong K Q T, Wang Y 2022 Sensors 22 455 Google Scholar
[12]	Hassanien A E, Breen M, Li M H, Gong S 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 17006 Google Scholar
[13]	Zhou P, Popov M A, Liu Y, Bidthanapally R, Filippov D A, Zhang T, Qi Y, Shah P J, Howe B M, McConney M E, Luo Y, Sreenivasulu G, Srinivasan G, Page M R 2019 Phys. Rev. Mater. 3 044403 Google Scholar
[14]	Kemp M A, Franzi M, Haase A, Jongewaard E, Whittaker M T, Kirkpatrick M, Sparr R 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1715 Google Scholar
[15]	Nan T X, Lin H, Gao Y, Matyushov A, Yu G, Chen H, Sun N, Wei S, Wang Z, Li M, Wang X, Belkessam A, Guo R, Chen B, Zhou J, Qian Z, Hui Y, Rinaldi M, McConney M E, Howe B M, Hu Z, Jones J G, Brown G J, Sun N X 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 296 Google Scholar
[16]	Schneider J D, Domann J P, Panduranga M K, Tiwari S, Shirazi P, Yao Z, Sennott C, Shahan D, Selvin S, McKnight G, Wall W, Candler R N, Wang Y E, Carman G P 2019 J. Appl. Phys. 126 224104 Google Scholar
[17]	Hassanien A E, Breen M, Li M H, Gong S 2020 J. Appl. Phys. 127 014903 Google Scholar
[18]	聂长文, 吴瀚舟, 王书豪, 蔡园园, 宋树, Sokolov Oleg, Bichurin M I, 汪尧进 2021 物理学报 70 247501 Google Scholar Nie C W, Wu H Z, Wang S H, Cai Y Y, Song S, Sokolov Oleg, Bichurin M I, Wang Y J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 247501 Google Scholar
[19]	崔勇, 吴明, 宋晓, 黄玉平, 贾琦, 陶云飞, 王琛 2020 物理学报 69 164 Google Scholar Cui Y, Wu M, Song X, Huang Y P, Jia Q, Tao Y F, Wang C 2020 Acta Phys Sin. 69 164 Google Scholar
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[21]	Dong C, Wang X, Lin H, Gao Y, Sun N X, He Y, Li M, Tu C, Chu Z, Liang X, Chen H, Wei Y, Zaeimbashi M, Wang X, Lin H, Gao Y, Sun N X 2020 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Letters 19 398 Google Scholar
[22]	Chu Z, Dong C, Tu C, He Y, Liang X, Wang J, Wei Y, Chen H, Gao X, Lu C, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Dong S, McCord J, Sun N X 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 12 044001 Google Scholar
[23]	Chu Z, Gao J, Sun Z, Mao Z, Zhang S, Shen Y, Dong S 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 119 182901 Google Scholar
[24]	Chu Z, Shi H, Shi W, Liu G, Wu J, Yang J, Dong S 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1606022 Google Scholar
[25]	Dong S, Zhai J, Li J, Viehland D 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 252904 Google Scholar
[26]	Cho K H, Priya S 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 232904 Google Scholar
[27]	Chen L, Wang Y 2021 Materials (Basel) 14 4730
[28]	Karapetyan G, Kaysashev V, Kutepov M, Minasyan T, Kalinin V, Kislitsyn V, Kislitsyn V, Kaidashev E 2020 J. Adv. Dielect. 10 2060009 Google Scholar

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