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In this work, we report a two-step thermal pressing method of fabricating microdisk lasers that are suitable for processing thermally stable glass materials, and we utilize a tellurite glass (TeO2-ZnO-Na2O) to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Compared with the conventional microdisk fabricating methods that rely on a series of complicated procedures, such as lithography, etching, thermal reflow, and ion implantation, this thermal pressing method involves only two heating procedures and can be accomplished with simple laboratory resistive heating furnaces. In the first heating procedure, we crush bulk tellurite glass into powders and drop those powders through a vertical heating furnace. Glass powders are transformed into microspheres by surface tension in the furnace. In the second heating procedure, microspheres are placed between two flat/smooth surfaces and are thermally treated when being pressed with suitable weights. With this procedure, the “flattened” microspheres turn into the microdisks. In this work, we demonstrate that our fabricated tellurite glass microdisks possess diameters of 100－400 μm, thinnest thickness of ～ 8 μm, and typical quality-factor (Q-factor) of ～ 105. We also dope tellurite glass with active dopants such as Nd3+ and Tm3+ to fabricate the active microdisk resonators. We couple those active microdisk resonators with fiber tapers and demonstrate that with appropriate pump power, apparent fluorescence whispering gallery mode and laser mode can be obtained. Taking a 105.74-μm-diameter, 10.4-μm-thickness, and Nd3+-doped tellurite glass microdisk for example, we show that as the pump power increases above a threshold of 1.364 mW, a lasing peak near 1.06 μm can be obtained. We also show that lasing peaks near 1.9 μm can be obtained by coupling/pumping Tm3+ doped microdisks.
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Keywords:
- thermal pressing /
- microdisk laser /
- whispering gallery mode /
- tellurite glass
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[7] Sasagawa K, Yonezawa Z, Iwai R, Ohta J, Nunoshita M 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 4325
Google Scholar
[8] Peng X, Song F, Jiang S, Peyghambarian N, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Xu L 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1497
Google Scholar
[9] Elliott G R, Hewak D W, Murugan G S, Wilkinson J S 2007 Opt. Express 15 17542
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
Hu B, Wu Y H, Zheng Y L, Dai S X 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 064209
Google Scholar
[12] Yang K, Dai S X, Wu Y H, Nie Q H 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 117701
Google Scholar
[13] Spillane S M, Kippenberg T J, Vahala K J, Goh K W, Wilcut E, Kimble H J 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 013817
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[18] Zou L X, Liu B W, Lv X M, Yang Y D, Xiao J L, Huang Y Z 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 191107
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图 1 实验制备的一批典型的碲酸盐玻璃微球(内插图为一颗直径为92.13 μm的碲酸盐玻璃微球的SEM图)
Figure 1. A typical batch of tellurite glass microspheres fabricated in this work. Inset: SEM image of a 92.13-μm diameter tellurite glass microdisk laser.
图 2 第二次加热示意图
Figure 2. Schematic drawing of the second heating procedure.
图 3 由一个直径为101.56 μm的微球压出的直径为254.78 μm的微盘谐振腔的SEM照片 (a)俯视图; (b)侧视图
Figure 3. (a) Top-view and (b) side-view of a 254.78-μm-diameter microdisk fabricated with a 101.56-μm-diameter microsphere.
图 4 由一个直径为62.48 μm的微球压出的直径为101.52 μm的微盘谐振腔的SEM照片 (a)俯视图; (b)侧视图
Figure 4. (a) Top-view and (b) side-view of a 101.52-μm-diameter microdisk fabricated with a 62.48-μm-diameter microsphere.
图 5 (a)一颗直径为105.74 μm的微盘与一根锥腰直径为1.83 μm的光纤锥耦合图; (b)在1551.0058 nm处获取的吸收峰(Q值为6.2 × 105)
Figure 5. (a) A 105.74-μm-diameter microdisk coupled with a 1.83-μm-waist-diameter fiber taper; (b) a typical absorption peak at 1551.0058 nm, representing a Q-factor of 6.2 × 105.
图 6 (a)从一颗掺Nd3+的有源微盘谐振腔中获取的不同抽运功率下的回廊模; (b)微盘谐振腔的激光阈值现象(内插图为微盘谐振腔在抽运阈值附近(1.177 mW和1.364 mW)出现的激光峰)
Figure 6. (a) Whispering gallery mode patterns obtained with a Nd3+-doped tellurite glass microdisk at different pump powers; (b) threshold behavior of the microdisk laser. Inset in panel (b) shows the transmission spectra of the coupling system at pump powers of 1.177 mW and 1.364 mW.
图 7 从一颗掺Tm3+微盘(直径为104.34 μm, 厚度为15.86 μm)中测得的激光阈值现象(内插图为微盘谐振腔在抽运阈值(0.928 mW和1.306 mW)附近出现的位于1908.63 nm处的激光峰)
Figure 7. Threshold behavior of a Tm3+-doped microdisk laser (diameter: 104.34 μm, thickness: 15.86 μm). Inset: transmission spectra of the coupling system at pump powers of 0.928 mW and 1.306 mW.
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[1] Sandoghdar V, Treussart F, Hare J, Lefevre-Seguin V, Raimond J, Haroche S 1996 Phys. Rev. A 54 R1777
Google Scholar
[2] Murugan G S, Zervas M N, Panitchob Y, Wilkinson J S 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 73
Google Scholar
[3] 黄衍堂, 彭隆祥, 庄世坚, 李强龙, 廖廷俤, 许灿华, 段亚凡 2017 物理学报 66 244208
Google Scholar
Huang Y T, Peng L X, Zhuang S J, Li Q L, Liao Y D, Xu C H, Duan Y F 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 244208
Google Scholar
[4] Gorajoobi S B, Murugan G S, Zervas M N 2019 Opt. Express 27 25493
Google Scholar
[5] Qian K, Tang J, Guo H, Zhang W, Liu J H, Liu J, Xue C Y, Zhang W D 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 114209
Google Scholar
[6] Vernooy D W, Ilchenko V S, Mabuchi H, Streed E W, Kimble H J 1998 Opt. Lett. 23 247
Google Scholar
[7] Sasagawa K, Yonezawa Z, Iwai R, Ohta J, Nunoshita M 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 4325
Google Scholar
[8] Peng X, Song F, Jiang S, Peyghambarian N, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Xu L 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1497
Google Scholar
[9] Elliott G R, Hewak D W, Murugan G S, Wilkinson J S 2007 Opt. Express 15 17542
Google Scholar
[10] Li C, Dai S, Zhang Q, Shen X, Wang X, Zhang P, Lu L, Wu Y, Lv S 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 044208
Google Scholar
[11] 胡博, 吴越豪, 郑雨璐, 戴世勋 2019 物理学报 68 064209
Google Scholar
Hu B, Wu Y H, Zheng Y L, Dai S X 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 064209
Google Scholar
[12] Yang K, Dai S X, Wu Y H, Nie Q H 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 117701
Google Scholar
[13] Spillane S M, Kippenberg T J, Vahala K J, Goh K W, Wilcut E, Kimble H J 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 013817
Google Scholar
[14] Kippenberg T J, Spillane S M, Vahala K J 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 6113
Google Scholar
[15] Wang T J, He J Y, Lee C A, Niu H 2012 Opt. Express 20 028119
Google Scholar
[16] Tulek A, Akbulut D, Bayindir M 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 203302
Google Scholar
[17] Polman A, Min B, Kalkman J, Kippenberg T J, Vahala K J 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 1037
Google Scholar
[18] Zou L X, Liu B W, Lv X M, Yang Y D, Xiao J L, Huang Y Z 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 191107
Google Scholar
[19] Yang Z, Wu Y, Yang K, Xu P, Zhang W, Dai S, Xu T 2017 Opt. Mat. 72 524
Google Scholar
[20] Li A Z, Zhang J Q, Zhang M, Li W H, Wang S B, Lewis E, Brambilla G, Wang P F 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 4325
Google Scholar
[21] Jiang S S, Guo C L, Che K J, Luo Z Q, Du T J, Fu H Y, Xu H Y, Cai Z P 2019 Photon. Res. 7 566
Google Scholar
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