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量子纠缠交换能够建立可靠的量子远程传输信道, 实现量子态的远程传输. 然而, 基于纠缠交换的量子信道要求网络高度稳定, 否则会浪费大量纠缠资源. 为节省纠缠资源, 本文根据隐形传态理论, 提出了一种基于分组交换的量子通信网络传输协议, 建立了发送量子态所需的纠缠数目与所经过的路由器数、链路错误率的定量关系, 并与纠缠交换传输协议进行了比较. 仿真结果表明, 在链路错误率为0.1% 时, 分组传输协议所使用的纠缠数目少于纠缠交换的数目, 另外, 随着错误率的升高, 分组传输协议所需的纠缠数比纠缠交换协议明显减少. 由此可见, 基于分组交换的量子通信网络传输协议在网络不稳定时, 能够节省大量纠缠资源, 适用于链路不稳定的量子通信网络.Quantum entanglement swapping can be used to establish reliable quantum remote transmission channel so as to realize transmission of quantum states. However, the highly stable quantum network is required in the quantum channels when using quantum entanglement swapping, otherwise it will waste a lot of entanglement resources. In order to save entanglement resources, we have to put forward a kind of quantum communication network transmission protocol based on packet switching, according to the theory of quantum teleportation. Firstly, the principle of packet switching in computer network is introduced. Next we describe the implementation process of quantum network transmission protocols which are based on entanglement swapping and packet switching. We then analyze the reliability, security and utilization rate of entanglement of the protocol we have proposed. And after that the quantitative relationship about the number of entanglement quantum states, the number of routers and link error rates are calculated. Finally, we compare these two transmission protocols. Simulation results show that the number of entanglement for these two protocols is equal without consideration of the link errors. When taking them into account, the packet switching transmission protocol can save numbers of entanglement resources obviously. In addition, with the increase of number of routers and the rise in link error rates, the quantum communication network transmission protocol based on packet switching will need less entanglement resources than that based on entanglement swapping. Therefore, when the quantum transmission network is not stable, the packet switching transmission protocol has a better transmission performance, and it can be applied to the future construction of quantum network.
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Keywords:
- quantum communication /
- packet switching /
- quantum teleportation
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[1] Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Processing of the IEEE International Conference on Computers Systems and Signal Processing Bangalore, India, December 10-12, 1984 p175
[2] Ekert A 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 661
[3] Bennett C H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3121
[4] Huttner B, Imoto N, Mor T 1995 Phys. Rev. A 51 1863
[5] Bennett C H, Brassard G, Crepeau C, Jozsa R, Peres A, Wooters W K 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895
[6] Bouwmeester D, Pan J W, Mattle K, Eibl M, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 1997 Nature 390 575
[7] Jin X M, Ren J G, Yang B, Yi Z H, Zhou F, Xu X F, Wang S K, Yang D, Hu Y F, Jiang S, Yang T, Yin H, Chen K, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 p376
[8] Ma X S, Herbst T, Scheidl T, Wang D Q, Kropatschek S, Naylor W, Wittmann B, Mech A, Kofler J, Anisimova E, Makarov V, Jennewein T, Ursin R, Zeilinger A 2012 Nature 489 7415
[9] Ding D S, Zhou Z Y, Shi B S, Guo G C 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2527
[10] Zhu C H, Pei C X, Ma H X, Yu X F 2006 J. Xidian Univ. 33 839 (in Chinese) [朱畅华, 裴昌幸, 马怀新, 于晓飞 2006 西安电子科技大学学报 33 839]
[11] Zhun W, Nie M 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 130304 (in Chinese) [朱伟, 聂敏 2013 物理学报 62 130304]
[12] Xue L, Nie M, Liu X H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 170305 (in Chinese) [薛乐, 聂敏, 刘晓慧 2013 物理学报 62 170305]
[13] Yu X T, Xu J, Zhang Z C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 220303 (in Chinese) [余旭涛, 徐进, 张在琛 2012 物理学报 61 220303]
[14] Chan H C B, Leung V C M 2000 Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Halifax, Canada, Mar 7-10, 2000 p459
[15] Ray Y W L, Henry C B C, Hui C, Tharam S D, Victor O K L, Victor C M L 2008 J. Commun. Netw-s. Kor. 10 316
[16] Wang J M 2014 MS Dissertation (Xi'an: Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology) (in Chinese) [王建民 2014 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安电子科技大学)]
[17] Wu G Y 2007 The Internet Network(Beijing: Tsinghua University press) p17-22 (in Chinese) [吴功宜 2007 计算机网络 (北京: 清华大学出版社) 第17–22页]
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