高品质激光尾波场电子加速器

蒋康男; 冯珂; 柯林佟; 余昌海; 张志钧; 秦志勇; 刘建胜; 王文涛; 李儒新

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201993

摘要

激光尾波场电子加速的加速梯度相比于传统直线加速器高了3—4个量级, 对于小型化粒子加速器与辐射源的研制具有重要的意义, 成为当今国内外的研究热点. 台式化辐射源应用需求的提高, 特别是自由电子激光装置的快速发展, 对电子束流品质提出了更高的要求, 激光尾波场电子加速的束流品质和稳定性是目前实现新型辐射源的首要障碍. 本文归纳整理了中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所电子加速研究团队十年来在研制台式化激光尾波场电子加速器过程中采取的方案和取得的进展. 例如率先提出了注入级和加速级分离的级联加速方案, 通过实验获得了GeV量级的电子束能量; 基于级联加速方式利用能量啁啾控制, 实验获得世界最高品质的电子束流; 通过优化激光系统稳定性和特殊的气体喷流结构, 获得稳定的高品质电子束流输出等. 这一系列实验结果有利于进一步推进激光尾波场电子加速器的应用.

关键词:

Abstract

The acceleration gradient of laser wakefield acceleration is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than that of state-of-the-art radio-frequency accelerators, which has unique advantages in the field of electron acceleration. With the development of application fields, higher requirements are put forward for the quality of electron beams. Achieving high stability, high energy, high charge, narrow pulse width and low emittance is the direction of long-term efforts in the field of electron acceleration. This article mainly summarizes the achievements of the relevant research teams in electron acceleration from Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics in recent years. The energy of the electron beam based on the acceleration of the laser wakefield is mainly limited by the dephasing length and the laser pumping loss length. Aiming at the problem that the two stages of laser wakefield acceleration cannot be controlled independently and the plasma density is difficult to balance, a cascaded acceleration scheme where the injection stage and the acceleration stage are separated is proposed. The injection stage has a higher plasma density and the acceleration stage has a lower plasma density. The acceleration stage with lower density has a longer dephasing length, so that a higher acceleration can be obtained without affecting electron injection. Finally, the electron beam energy of the order of GeV is obtained in experiment. In order to obtain a higher-quality electron beam, a low-energy-spread electron beam is obtained experimentally by using energy chirp controlling. The six-dimensional phase space brightness, which simultaneously characterizes multiple qualities such as electron beam emittance, charge and pulse width, is introduced. It is hard, with high quality only, to achieve long-distance transmission of electron beams and to generate free electron lasers. For the development of free electron lasers, the transmission and modulation of the electron beam are equally important. Taking into account the need to further optimize the acceleration of electrons from generation to realization of active control, higher quality and higher stability, it is necessary to monitor the interaction process between laser and plasma in time to obtain parameter through diagnosis. We have designed and optimized a variety of diagnostic solutions suitable for electron acceleration in the laser wakefield to achieve single-shot measurement of electron beams at different positions, such as using Betatron radiation inversion to measure ultra-low emittance. The effect of laser multifilament on the quality of the generated electron beam is also discussed.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所, 强场激光物理国家重点实验室, 中国科学院超强激光科学卓越中心, 上海　201800

2.
上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院, 上海　200031

3.
中国科学院大学, 北京　100049

通信作者: 王文涛, wwt1980@siom.ac.cn ; 李儒新, ruxinli@mail.siom.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11991072, 11875065, 11127901)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(批准号: XDB16)、上海自然科学基金(批准号: 18JC1414800, 18ZR1444500)、中国科学技术部国家重点实验室计划和中国科学院青年创新促进会(批准号: Y201952)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

2.
School of Physics Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China

3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Wang Wen-Tao, wwt1980@siom.ac.cn ; Li Ru-Xin, ruxinli@mail.siom.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11991072, 11875065, 11127901), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB16), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (Grant Nos. 18JC1414800, 18ZR1444500), the State Key Laboratory Program of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y201952)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 基于自制890 TW激光器建立的激光尾波场电子加速实验平台

Fig. 1. Laser wakefield electron acceleration experiment platform based on self-made 890 TW laser.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 级联加速实验装置图^[20]

Fig. 2. The experiment device of cascade acceleration^[20].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 级联加速后的电子束能谱图^[20]

Fig. 3. Electron beam energy spectrum based on cascade acceleration^[20].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 能散度3%电子束能谱图^[32]

Fig. 4. Electron beam energy spectrum with 3% energy spread^[32].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 峰值能量>1 GeV能量电子能谱图^[32]

Fig. 5. Electron beam energy spectrum with >1 GeV peak energy^[32].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 级联加速后的电子束角分辨能谱^[34]

Fig. 6. Angle resolved electron beams energy spectrum based on cascade acceleration^[34].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 获得的高品质的电子束六维相空间亮度^[34]

Fig. 7. The six-dimensional phase space brightness of obtained electron beams^[34].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 U型尖峰结构形成等离子体分布模拟图^[37]

Fig. 8. Simulation of plasma distribution formed by U-shaped spike structure^[37].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 连续300发电子加速峰值能量分布及部分能谱图

Fig. 9. Accelerated peak energy distribution of 300 consecutive electrons and part of energy spectrum.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Tajima T, Dawson J M 1979 Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 267 Google Scholar
[2]	Strickland D, Mourou G 1985 Opt. Commun. 56 219 Google Scholar
[3]	Geddes C G R, Toth C, Van Tilborg J, et al. 2004 Nature 431 538 Google Scholar
[4]	Mangles S P D, Murphy C D, Najmudin Z, et al. 2004 Nature 431 535 Google Scholar
[5]	Faure J, Glinec Y, Pukhov A, Kiselev S, et al. 2004 Nature 431 541 Google Scholar
[6]	Leemans W P, Nagler B, Gonsalves A J, et al. 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 696 Google Scholar
[7]	Lu W, Tzoufras M, Joshi C, et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Accel. Beams 10 061301 Google Scholar
[8]	Wang X M, Zgadzaj R, Fazel N, et al. 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1988 Google Scholar
[9]	Leemans W P, Gonsalves A J, Mao H S, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 245002 Google Scholar
[10]	Gonsalves A J, Nakamura K, Daniels J, et al. 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 084801 Google Scholar
[11]	Chen M, Sheng Z M, Ma Y Y, et al. 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 056109 Google Scholar
[12]	Froula D H, Clayton C, Döppner T, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 215006 Google Scholar
[13]	Buck A, Wenz J, Xu J, et al. 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 185006 Google Scholar
[14]	Xu X L, Wu Y P, Zhang C J, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Accel. Beams 17 061301 Google Scholar
[15]	Hu R H, Lu H Y, Shou Y R, et al. 2016 Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Accel. Beams 19 091301 Google Scholar
[16]	Yu L L, Esarey E, Schroeder C B, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 125001 Google Scholar
[17]	Thomas A G R, Murphy C D, Mangles S P D, et al. 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 255002 Google Scholar
[18]	Pollock B B, Clayton C E, Ralph J E, et al. 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 045001 Google Scholar
[19]	Gonsalves A J, Nakamura K, Lin C, et al. 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 862 Google Scholar
[20]	Liu J S, Xia C Q, Wang W T, et al. 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 035001 Google Scholar
[21]	Kim H T, Pae K H, Cha H J, et al. 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 165002 Google Scholar
[22]	Steinke S, VanTilborg J, Benedetti C, et al. 2016 Nature 530 190 Google Scholar
[23]	Palastro J P, Shaw J L, Franke P, et al. 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 134802 Google Scholar
[24]	Caizergues C, Smartsev S, Malka V, et al. 2020 Nat. Photonics 14 475 Google Scholar
[25]	Maier A R, Delbos N M, Eichner T, et al. 2020 Phys. Rev. X 10 031039
[26]	Liang X Y, Leng Y X, Wang C, et al. 2007 Opt. Express 15 15335 Google Scholar
[27]	Gu Y Q, Peng H S, Wang X X, et al. 2006 Phys. Plasmas 14 040703
[28]	Wen M, Wu H C, Jin L L, et al. 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 083112 Google Scholar
[29]	Tzoufras M, Lu W, Tsung F S, et al. 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 145002 Google Scholar
[30]	Zhang L, Chen L M, Wang W M, et al. 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 014104 Google Scholar
[31]	Lu W, Huang C, Zhou M, et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 165002 Google Scholar
[32]	Wang W T, Li W T, Liu J S, et al. 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 243501 Google Scholar
[33]	Xu Y, Lu J, Li W, et al. 2016 Opt. Laser Technol. 79 141 Google Scholar
[34]	Wang W T, Li W T, Liu J S, et al. 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 124801 Google Scholar
[35]	Di mitri S, Cornacchia M, et al. 2014 Phys. Rep. 539 1 Google Scholar
[36]	Zhang Z J, Li W T, Liu J S, et al. 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 053106 Google Scholar
[37]	Fang M, Zhang Z J, Wang W T, et al. 2018 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 60 075008 Google Scholar
[38]	Wu F X, Zhang Z X, Yang X J, et al. 2020 Opt. Laser Technol. 131 106453 Google Scholar
[39]	Li W T, Liu J S, Wang W T, et al. 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 113106 Google Scholar
[40]	Qin Z Y, Yu C H, Wang W T, et al. 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 023106 Google Scholar

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