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The evaporation process of a cyclohexane drop is investigated by single-axis acoustic levitation method. It is found that the evaporation of the cyclohexane drop results in the decrease of its temperature below the melting point, and leading to solidification. The real-time observation with a high speed camera shows that the cyclohexane nucleates near the equator of the drop surface and grows dendritically with an average velocity ranging from 12.5 to 160.4 mm/s. Further studies indicate that the ratio Sh/Nu of the average Sherwood number to Nusselt number under acoustic levitation condition is 1.3 times of that under natural convection condition. This suggests that the acoustic streaming boundary layer effectively strengthens the evaporation but has less promotion effect on the heat transfer. Therefore, the drop temperature declines to a lower value and the evaporation induced solidification occurs under acoustic levitation condition. Accordingly, a necessary condition for the occurrence of evaporation induced solidification of volatile liquids is proposed.
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Keywords:
- acoustic levitation /
- acoustic streaming /
- cyclohexane /
- evaporation induced solidification
[1] Brandt E H 2001 Nature 413 474
[2] Ohsaka K, Trinh E H 1989 J.Cryst. Growth 96 973
[3] Trinh E H 1985 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56 2059
[4] Ohsaka K, Trinh E H 1990 J. Cryst. Growth 106 191
[5] Trinh E H, Ohsaka K 1995 Int. J. Thermophy. 16 545
[6] Santesson S, Nilsson S 2004 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 1704
[7] Shen C L, Xie W J, Wei B 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 046305
[8] Xie W J, Cao C D, Lü Y J, Wei B 2002 Phys. Rev. E 66 061601
[9] Wang X D, Dong P, Yi G Y 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2092 (in Chinese) [王晓冬、董 鹏、仪桂云 2006 物理学报 55 2092]
[10] Hou H H, Sun X L, Shen Y M, Shao J D, Fan Z X, Yi K 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3124 (in Chinese) [侯海虹、孙喜莲、申雁鸣、邵建达、范正修、易 葵 2006 物理学报 55 3124]
[11] Zhang H Y, Chen K X, Zhu Y J, Chen Y M, He Y Y, Wu C Y, Wang J H, Liu S H 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 444 (in Chinese) [张海燕、陈可心、朱燕娟、陈易明、何艳阳、伍春燕、王金华、刘颂豪 2002 物理学报 51 444]
[12] Trinh E H, Robey J I 1994 Phys. Fluids 6 3567
[13] Yarin A L, Brenn G, Kastner O, Rensink D, Tropea C 1999 J. Fluid Mech. 399 151
[14] Kawahara N, Yarin A L, Brenn G, Kastner O, Durst F 2000 Phys.Fluids 12 912
[15] Tuckermann R, Puskar L, Zavabeti M, Sekine R, McNaughton D 2009 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 1433
[16] Deliβen F, Leiterer J, Bienert R, Emmerling F, Thünemann A F 2008 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 392 161
[17] Tuckermann R, Bauerecker S, Cammenga H K 2007 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 310 559
[18] Xie W J, Cao C D, Wei B B 1999 Acta Phys. Sin. 48 250 (in Chinese) [解文军、曹崇德、魏炳波 1999 物理学报 48 250]
[19] Xie W J, Wei B 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 046611
[20] Poling B E, Prausnitz J M, O’Connell J P (Translated by Zhao H L, Wang F K, Chen S K) 2006 The Properties of Gases and Liquids (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) p171 (in Chinese) [波林 B. E.、普劳斯尼茨 J. M.、奥康奈尔 J. P.著 赵红玲、王凤坤、陈圣坤译 2006 气液物性估算手册(北京:化学工业出版社)第171页]
[21] Crank J 1975 The Mathematics of Diffusion (2nd ed) (Oxford: Clarendon Press) p169
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[1] Brandt E H 2001 Nature 413 474
[2] Ohsaka K, Trinh E H 1989 J.Cryst. Growth 96 973
[3] Trinh E H 1985 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56 2059
[4] Ohsaka K, Trinh E H 1990 J. Cryst. Growth 106 191
[5] Trinh E H, Ohsaka K 1995 Int. J. Thermophy. 16 545
[6] Santesson S, Nilsson S 2004 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 1704
[7] Shen C L, Xie W J, Wei B 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 046305
[8] Xie W J, Cao C D, Lü Y J, Wei B 2002 Phys. Rev. E 66 061601
[9] Wang X D, Dong P, Yi G Y 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2092 (in Chinese) [王晓冬、董 鹏、仪桂云 2006 物理学报 55 2092]
[10] Hou H H, Sun X L, Shen Y M, Shao J D, Fan Z X, Yi K 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3124 (in Chinese) [侯海虹、孙喜莲、申雁鸣、邵建达、范正修、易 葵 2006 物理学报 55 3124]
[11] Zhang H Y, Chen K X, Zhu Y J, Chen Y M, He Y Y, Wu C Y, Wang J H, Liu S H 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 444 (in Chinese) [张海燕、陈可心、朱燕娟、陈易明、何艳阳、伍春燕、王金华、刘颂豪 2002 物理学报 51 444]
[12] Trinh E H, Robey J I 1994 Phys. Fluids 6 3567
[13] Yarin A L, Brenn G, Kastner O, Rensink D, Tropea C 1999 J. Fluid Mech. 399 151
[14] Kawahara N, Yarin A L, Brenn G, Kastner O, Durst F 2000 Phys.Fluids 12 912
[15] Tuckermann R, Puskar L, Zavabeti M, Sekine R, McNaughton D 2009 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 1433
[16] Deliβen F, Leiterer J, Bienert R, Emmerling F, Thünemann A F 2008 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 392 161
[17] Tuckermann R, Bauerecker S, Cammenga H K 2007 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 310 559
[18] Xie W J, Cao C D, Wei B B 1999 Acta Phys. Sin. 48 250 (in Chinese) [解文军、曹崇德、魏炳波 1999 物理学报 48 250]
[19] Xie W J, Wei B 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 046611
[20] Poling B E, Prausnitz J M, O’Connell J P (Translated by Zhao H L, Wang F K, Chen S K) 2006 The Properties of Gases and Liquids (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) p171 (in Chinese) [波林 B. E.、普劳斯尼茨 J. M.、奥康奈尔 J. P.著 赵红玲、王凤坤、陈圣坤译 2006 气液物性估算手册(北京:化学工业出版社)第171页]
[21] Crank J 1975 The Mathematics of Diffusion (2nd ed) (Oxford: Clarendon Press) p169
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