静态气压下平行轨道加速器电流分布与等离子体速度特性

刘帅; 徐涛; 刘康琪; 张永鹏; 杨兰均

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20231007

摘要

电磁等离子体加速器可产生高密度高速度等离子体射流而广泛应用于等离子体物理研究与应用领域. 本文建立了平行轨道加速器电磁驱动等离子体实验平台, 通过磁探头阵列和光电二极管阵列研究了静态气压下平行轨道加速器的电流分布和等离子体速度特性. 平行轨道加速器驱动电源为正弦振荡衰减波电源, 总电容为120 μF, 回路总电感约为400 nH, 充电电压为13 kV时, 放电电流为170 kA, 脉宽为23.5 μs. 当放电电流较小、工作气压较高时, 平行轨道加速器电流分布较集中, 放电模式与雪犁模式相符. 随着放电电流的增大或工作气压的降低, 平行轨道加速器逐渐出现弥散的电流分布, 形成等离子体前沿和等离子体拖尾两个区域. 放电电流越大, 工作气压越低, 电流弥散分布越显著, 等离子体前沿电流分布比例越低, 等离子体前沿速度越高, 但等离子体速度增大的比例远低于放电电流增大的比例或工作气压平方根的倒数增大的比例.

关键词:

Abstract

Electromagnetic plasma accelerators which can generate high-density and hypervelocity plasma jets have been widely used in plasma physics research and application fields. An experimental platform of parallel-plate accelerator electromagnetically driven plasma is established in this paper, mainly including a parallel-plate accelerator, a power supply, magnetic probes, photodiodes, a current probe, and an oscilloscope. The current distribution and plasma velocity characteristics of a parallel-plate accelerator under static pressure are studied by using magnetic probe array and photodiode array. The working gas is synthetic air. A mechanical pump is used to pump the vacuum chamber to about 1 Pa, and then synthetic air is injected into the vacuum chamber to a target pressure. The power supply of the parallel-plate accelerator has a sinusoidal oscillation attenuation waveform with a total capacitance of 120 μF and a total inductance of about 400 nH. When the charging voltage is 13 kV, the discharge current is 170 kA and the pulse width is 23.5 μs. The discharge currents are 38, 100, 135 kA, and 170 kA when the pressures are 100, 200, 400 and 1000 Pa, respectively. The current distribution of the parallel-plate accelerator is concentrated, and the discharge mode is consistent with the snowplow mode, when the discharge current is small and the working pressure is high. As the discharge current increases or the working pressure decreases, a diffuse current distribution gradually appears in the parallel-plate accelerator. Two regions are formed, i.e. the plasma front region and the plasma tail region. The diffuse current distribution phenomenon is more remarkable when the discharge current is higher or the working pressure is lower. The plasma front current distribution proportion decreases and the plasma front velocity increases with the increase of discharge current and the decrease of working pressure. However, the plasma velocity proportion increased is much lower than the discharge current proportion increased or working pressure proportion decreased. When the discharge current increases from 38–170 kA, the plasma velocity increases from 25.0 km/s to 33.6 km/s, with the velocity increment being only 34.4%. The plasma front region is subjected to both the Lorentz force and the thermal pressure of the plasma tail region.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

西安交通大学电气工程学院, 西安　710049

通信作者: 刘帅, liushuai@xjtu.edu.cn

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(批准号:2021JQ-044)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Corresponding author: Liu Shuai, liushuai@xjtu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JQ-044).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Loebner K T K, Underwood T C, Wang B C, Cappelli M A 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 1534 Google Scholar
[2]	Sakuma I, Kikuchi Y, Kitagawa Y, Asai Y, Onishi K, Fukumoto N, Nagata M 2015 J. Nucl. Mater. 463 233 Google Scholar
[3]	蔡明辉, 吴逢时, 李宏伟, 韩建伟 2014 物理学报 63 019401 Google Scholar Cai M H, Wu F S, Li H W, Han J W 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 019401 Google Scholar
[4]	Ticos C M, Wang Z, Wurden G A, Kline J L, Montgomery D S 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 103701 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhang Y, Gilmore M, Hsu S C, Fisher D M, Lynn A G 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 110702 Google Scholar
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[8]	Matsumoto T, Sekiguchi J, Asai T, Gota H, Garate E, Allfrey I, Valentine T, Morehouse M, Roche T, Kinley J, Aefsky S, Cordero M, Waggoner W, Binderbauer M, Tajima T 2016 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87 053512 Google Scholar
[9]	Cassibry J T, Stanic M, Hsu S C, Witherspoon F D, Abarzhi S I 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 052702 Google Scholar
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[12]	刘帅, 黄易之, 郭海山, 张永鹏, 杨兰均 2018 物理学报 67 065201 Google Scholar Liu S, Huang Y Z, Guo H S, Zhang Y P, Yang L J 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 065201 Google Scholar
[13]	Markusic T E, Choueiri E Y, Berkery J W 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 4847 Google Scholar
[14]	Bhuyan H, Mohanty S R, Neog N K, Bujarbarua S, Rout R K 2003 Meas. Sci. Technol. 14 1769 Google Scholar
[15]	Tou T Y 1995 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 23 870 Google Scholar
[16]	Al-Hawat S 2004 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 32 764 Google Scholar
[17]	Mathuthua M, Zengeni T G, Gholap A V 1996 Phys. Plasmas 3 4572 Google Scholar
[18]	Chow S P, Lee S, Tan B C 1972 J. Plasma Phys. 8 21 Google Scholar
[19]	Lee S 2014 J. Fusion Energ. 33 319 Google Scholar
[20]	Lee S, Saw S H, Lee P C K, Rawat R S, Schmidt H 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 111501 Google Scholar
[21]	Aghamira F M, Behbahani R A 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 043301 Google Scholar
[22]	Liu S, Huang Y Z, Guo H S, Lin T Y, Huang D, Yang L J 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 053506 Google Scholar
[23]	高著秀, 黄建国, 韩建伟, 杨宣宗, 冯春华 2010 航天器环境工程 27 285 Gao Z X, Huang J G, Han J W, Yang X Z, Feng C H 2010 Spacecraft Environment Engineering 27 285
[24]	高著秀, 冯春华, 杨宣宗, 黄建国, 韩建伟 2012 物理学报 61 145201 Google Scholar Gao Z X, Feng C H, Yang X Z, Huang J G, Han J W 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 145201 Google Scholar
[25]	张俊龙, 杨亮, 闫慧杰, 滑跃, 任春生 2015 物理学报 64 075201 Google Scholar Zhang J L, Yang L, Yan H J, Hua Y, Ren C S 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 075201 Google Scholar
[26]	杨亮, 张俊龙, 闫慧杰, 滑跃, 任春生 2017 物理学报 66 055203 Google Scholar Yang L, Zhang J L, Yan H J, Hua Y, Ren C S 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 055203 Google Scholar
[27]	杨亮, 闫慧杰, 张俊龙, 滑跃, 任春生 2014 高电压技术 40 2113 Google Scholar Yang L, Yan H J, Zhang J L, Hua Y, Ren C S 2014 High Voltage Engineering 40 2113 Google Scholar
[28]	刘帅, 史宇昊, 林天煜, 张永鹏, 路志建, 杨兰均 2021 物理学报 70 205205 Google Scholar Liu S, Shi Y H, Lin T Y, Zhang Y P, Lu Z J, Yang L J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 205205 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 实验布置图

Fig. 1. Experimental setup.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 磁探头线圈布置示意图

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the magnetic probe coil setup.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 磁场波形和光电二极管波形　(a)磁场波形; (b)光电二极管波形

Fig. 3. Magnetic field and photodiode waveforms: (a) Magnetic field waveform; (b) photodiode waveform.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 放电电流为100 kA时电流分布比例

Fig. 4. Current distribution ratio when the current is 100 kA.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同电流下的波形图　(a) 38 kA, 磁场; (b) 38 kA, 光电二极管; (c) 135 kA, 磁场; (d) 135 kA, 光电二极管; (e) 170 kA, 磁场; (f) 170 kA, 光电二极管

Fig. 5. Waveforms under different currents: (a) 38 kA, magnetic field; (b) 38 kA, photodiode; (c) 135 kA, magnetic field; (d) 135 kA, photodiode; (e) 170 kA, magnetic field; (f) 170 kA, photodiode.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同电流下的电流分布比例　(a) 38 kA; (b) 170 kA

Fig. 6. Current distribution ratio under different currents: (a) 38 kA; (b) 170 kA.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 等离子体前沿速度与电流的关系

Fig. 7. Relationship between plasma front velocity and current.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同静态气压下波形图　(a) 100 Pa, 磁场; (b) 100 Pa, 光电二极管; (c) 400 Pa, 磁场; (d) 400 Pa, 光电二极管; (e) 1000 Pa, 磁场; (f) 1000 Pa, 光电二极管

Fig. 8. Waveforms under different pressure: (a) 100 Pa, magnetic field; (b) 100 Pa, photodiode; (c) 400 Pa, magnetic field; (d) 400 Pa, photodiode; (e) 1000 Pa, magnetic field; (f) 1000 Pa, photodiode.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同气压下的电流分布比例　(a) 100 Pa; (b) 1000 Pa

Fig. 9. Current distribution ratio under different pressures: (a) 100 Pa; (b) 1000 Pa.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 等离子体前沿速度与气压的关系

Fig. 10. Relationship between plasma front velocity and pressure.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 平行轨道区域划分示意图

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of the region in the parallel-plate.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Loebner K T K, Underwood T C, Wang B C, Cappelli M A 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 1534 Google Scholar
[2]	Sakuma I, Kikuchi Y, Kitagawa Y, Asai Y, Onishi K, Fukumoto N, Nagata M 2015 J. Nucl. Mater. 463 233 Google Scholar
[3]	蔡明辉, 吴逢时, 李宏伟, 韩建伟 2014 物理学报 63 019401 Google Scholar Cai M H, Wu F S, Li H W, Han J W 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 019401 Google Scholar
[4]	Ticos C M, Wang Z, Wurden G A, Kline J L, Montgomery D S 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 103701 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhang Y, Gilmore M, Hsu S C, Fisher D M, Lynn A G 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 110702 Google Scholar
[6]	Underwood T C, Loebner K T K, Cappelli M A 2017 High Energ. Dens. Phys. 23 73 Google Scholar
[7]	Kong D F, Zhuang G, Lan T, Zhang S B, Ye Y, Dong Q L, Chen C, Wu J, Zhang S, Zhao Z H, Meng F W, Zhang X H, Huang Y Q, Wen F, Zi P F, Li L, Hu G H, Song Y T 2023 Plasma Sci. Technol. 25 065601 Google Scholar
[8]	Matsumoto T, Sekiguchi J, Asai T, Gota H, Garate E, Allfrey I, Valentine T, Morehouse M, Roche T, Kinley J, Aefsky S, Cordero M, Waggoner W, Binderbauer M, Tajima T 2016 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87 053512 Google Scholar
[9]	Cassibry J T, Stanic M, Hsu S C, Witherspoon F D, Abarzhi S I 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 052702 Google Scholar
[10]	Hsu S C, Moser A L, Merritt E C, Adams C S, Dunn J P, Brockington S, Case A, Gilmore M, Lynn A G, Messer S J, Witherspoon F D 2015 J. Plasma Physics 81 345810201 Google Scholar
[11]	漆亮文, 赵崇霄, 闫慧杰, 王婷婷, 任春生 2019 物理学报 68 035203 Google Scholar Qi L W, Zhao C X, Yan H J, Wang T T, Ren C S 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 035203 Google Scholar
[12]	刘帅, 黄易之, 郭海山, 张永鹏, 杨兰均 2018 物理学报 67 065201 Google Scholar Liu S, Huang Y Z, Guo H S, Zhang Y P, Yang L J 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 065201 Google Scholar
[13]	Markusic T E, Choueiri E Y, Berkery J W 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 4847 Google Scholar
[14]	Bhuyan H, Mohanty S R, Neog N K, Bujarbarua S, Rout R K 2003 Meas. Sci. Technol. 14 1769 Google Scholar
[15]	Tou T Y 1995 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 23 870 Google Scholar
[16]	Al-Hawat S 2004 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 32 764 Google Scholar
[17]	Mathuthua M, Zengeni T G, Gholap A V 1996 Phys. Plasmas 3 4572 Google Scholar
[18]	Chow S P, Lee S, Tan B C 1972 J. Plasma Phys. 8 21 Google Scholar
[19]	Lee S 2014 J. Fusion Energ. 33 319 Google Scholar
[20]	Lee S, Saw S H, Lee P C K, Rawat R S, Schmidt H 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 111501 Google Scholar
[21]	Aghamira F M, Behbahani R A 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 043301 Google Scholar
[22]	Liu S, Huang Y Z, Guo H S, Lin T Y, Huang D, Yang L J 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 053506 Google Scholar
[23]	高著秀, 黄建国, 韩建伟, 杨宣宗, 冯春华 2010 航天器环境工程 27 285 Gao Z X, Huang J G, Han J W, Yang X Z, Feng C H 2010 Spacecraft Environment Engineering 27 285
[24]	高著秀, 冯春华, 杨宣宗, 黄建国, 韩建伟 2012 物理学报 61 145201 Google Scholar Gao Z X, Feng C H, Yang X Z, Huang J G, Han J W 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 145201 Google Scholar
[25]	张俊龙, 杨亮, 闫慧杰, 滑跃, 任春生 2015 物理学报 64 075201 Google Scholar Zhang J L, Yang L, Yan H J, Hua Y, Ren C S 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 075201 Google Scholar
[26]	杨亮, 张俊龙, 闫慧杰, 滑跃, 任春生 2017 物理学报 66 055203 Google Scholar Yang L, Zhang J L, Yan H J, Hua Y, Ren C S 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 055203 Google Scholar
[27]	杨亮, 闫慧杰, 张俊龙, 滑跃, 任春生 2014 高电压技术 40 2113 Google Scholar Yang L, Yan H J, Zhang J L, Hua Y, Ren C S 2014 High Voltage Engineering 40 2113 Google Scholar
[28]	刘帅, 史宇昊, 林天煜, 张永鹏, 路志建, 杨兰均 2021 物理学报 70 205205 Google Scholar Liu S, Shi Y H, Lin T Y, Zhang Y P, Lu Z J, Yang L J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 205205 Google Scholar

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静态气压下平行轨道加速器电流分布与等离子体速度特性