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铁电陶瓷在高电场下的击穿问题是困扰铁电陶瓷应用的关键问题之一。本文统计了铁电陶瓷在正向脉冲电场（ 4.5 kV/mm）失效概率与脉冲次数的分布关系，分析了通过了第十次脉冲耐压样品第十一次的失效概率，开展了铁电陶瓷经历万次以上的脉冲耐压后压电常数与电滞回线测试研究。结果表明：铁电陶瓷的击穿概率与脉冲加电压次数曲线呈现典型的浴盆曲线分布，经历10次脉冲高压测试合格的样品，其脉冲耐压失效概率相比于未经历脉冲高压陶瓷样品，降低了4个数量级以上，且上述脉冲高压加载接近无损。考虑到裂纹扩展速度，多个缺陷导致的裂纹同时扩展并连通是铁电陶瓷在脉冲高电压下断裂的主要原因。Dielectric breakdown at high electric field plays an important role on the application of ferroelectric ceramics. In this paper, failure probability versus electric shock time of ferroelectric ceramics under positive pulse electric field has been statistic. The failure probability distribution of ceramics after 10 times electric shock is studied. Piezoelectric constant, P-E loop of ferroelectric ceramics after 10 thousand times electric shock are measured and the breakdown mechanism is discussed. Results indicate that the relation of failure probability and electric shock time of ferroelectric ceramics is bath-tube curve and failure probability of samples subjected to 10 time electric shock decrease to 4 magnitudes than that of origin sample. The samples subjected to positive pulse electric field many times do not show obvious fatigue and aging effect according to the results of piezoelectric constant and P-E loop. So pulse electric field loading at 4.5 kV/mm is close to none destructive inspection. Considering the spread speed of cracks, rupture of ferroelectric ceramics under pulsed electric field roots from extending and connection of multi-cracks from multi-defects.
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