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空间相干光通信被认为是突破现有高速空间通信瓶颈的重要手段，但其应用受到大气湍流的极大限制。为此，本文首先基于Huygens-Fresnel原理和低频补偿功率谱反演法，研究了高斯光束经大气湍流传输后振幅和相位的随机分布特性；然后，利用相干混频效率及通信误码率模型，获得大气湍流对空间相干光通信系统性能的影响规律；最后，搭建激光外差探测实验系统，定量研究了大气湍流对空间相干光通信相干探测性能的影响。结果表明：弱湍流条件下，空间相干光通信性能几乎不受大气湍流的影响；中等强度湍流影响下，相干混频效率会随着湍流强度的增加而迅速下降，但通过提高单比特光子数可以有效抑制湍流对通信性能的负面影响；强湍流会显著破坏光束相干性，使得相干混频效率趋近于零，即使提高单比特光子数也无法有效改善通信性能。大气湍流是空间相干光通信发展的重要限制因素，该研究可为空间相干光通信系统性能评估提供有益参考。Space coherent optical communication technology is considered a significant approach for overcoming the current bottleneck in high-speed space communication; yet, atmospheric turbulence severely restricts its implementation. This paper first investigated the random distribution characteristics of the amplitude and phase of a Gaussian beam after it is transmitted through atmospheric turbulence based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle and the low-frequency compensation power spectrum inversion method. Then, using the coherent mixing efficiency and communication bit error rate model, the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the performance of spatial coherent optical communication systems is obtained; Finally, a laser heterodyne detection experimental system was built to quantitatively study the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the coherent detection performance of spatial coherent optical communication. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.The spatial phase distortion caused by the weak turbulence channel is relatively small and will hardly affect the light intensity distribution characteristics of the Gaussian beam. In the case of weak turbulence, the impact of weak turbulence on the performance of coherent optical communication systems is almost negligible. The communication bit error rate will decrease rapidly as the number of single bit data photons increases. The communication signal-to-noise ratio can be ensured to be better than 10-5 when the number of single-bit photons is greater than 10. 2.Moderate turbulence will change the intensity distribution characteristics of the Gaussian beam, but will not cause a serious shift in the center of the spot. Under moderate turbulence conditions, the coherent mixing efficiency decreases rapidly as the turbulence intensity continues to increase, but the communication bit error rate still decreases rapidly as the number of single bit data photons increases. At this time, increasing the number of single-bit photons can suppress the negative impact of moderate intensity turbulence on the performance of coherent optical communication systems. 3.Strong turbulence will cause severe spatial phase distortion of the beam, destroy the consistency of the light intensity distribution, and cause a serious shift in the center of the spot. Under strong turbulence conditions, the coherent mixing efficiency of coherent optical communication systems approaches zero, and increasing the number of single bit data photons cannot significantly reduce the bit error rate, seriously affecting the quality of coherent optical communication. Atmospheric turbulence is an important limiting factor for the development of space coherent optical communication, and this study can provide useful references for the performance evaluation of space coherent optical communication systems.
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Keywords:
- Space Coherent Optical Communication /
- Atmospheric turbulence /
- Mixing efficiency /
- Bit error rate
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