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微量稀土La对Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金组织与性能的影响

戚忠乙 王博 江鸿翔 张丽丽 何杰

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微量稀土La对Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金组织与性能的影响

戚忠乙, 王博, 江鸿翔, 张丽丽, 何杰

Effect of trace rare earth La on microstructure and properties of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloy

Qi Zhong-Yi, Wang Bo, Jiang Hong-Xiang, Zhang Li-Li, He Jie
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  • 在Al(铝)-Si(硅)合金中同时添加Sr(锶)和B(硼)存在“中毒”现象, 无法同时细化α-Al晶粒和变质共晶Si. 本文研究了在同时添加α-Al晶粒细化剂B和共晶Si变质剂Sr的条件下, 微量稀土La(镧)对Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金组织、热导率和力学性能的影响, 分析了稀土La的影响规律及其作用机理. 结果表明微量稀土La的添加, 一方面可以中和Sr与B的毒化效应, 提升共晶Si的变质效果; 另一方面可以促使α-Al异质形核基底LaB6的形成, 并作为表面活性剂降低α-Al的形核过冷度, 从而细化α-Al晶粒. 共晶Si的变质以及α-Al晶粒的细化有助于同时提升Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的热导率及力学性能. 此外, 当稀土La的添加量在0.02%—0.06%之间时, 合金的导热性能明显提升; 随着La添加量的进一步增大, 合金热导率下降.
    Al-Si alloys have been widely used in electronic information, communication, and other fields because of their high specific strength, excellent castability and good thermal conductivity. In recent years, with the rapid development of 5G communication technology, electronic communication equipment is gradually developing towards high integration and lightweight. The power of related equipment is higher and higher, which puts forward higher requirements for thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of materials.Si can improve the fluidity and strength of the Al-Si alloy, but a large amount of Si will aggravate the lattice distortion and increases amount of eutectic Si. This will reduce the plasticity of the alloy, increase the electron scattering and reduce the thermal conductivity. In order to improve the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of Al-Si alloys, chemical inoculation is generally used. Sr is usually used as modifier and Al-B serves as grain refiner. However, the simultaneous addition of Sr and B into Al-Si alloy results in “poisoning” phenomenon, it becomes impossible to refine α-Al grains and modify eutectic Si simultaneously.In recent years, rare earth La has attracted more and more attention in improving the properties of aluminum alloys. However, previous studies mainly focused on the effects of La addition, consequently, the research on the effects of combined addition of La, Sr, B on the microstructure and properties of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloy is lacking. In this work, solidification experiments are performed to investigate the effects of combined addition of La, Sr, B on the microstructure and properties of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloy. The results show that the addition of trace rare earth La can effectively eliminate the poisoning effect of Sr and B, and enhance the modification effect of eutectic Si. Besides, the addition of La can promote the formation of α-Al heterogeneous nucleation substrate LaB6 and La can be used as a surfactant to reduce the undercooling of α-Al nucleation, thus it refines α-Al grains. The thermal conductivity of the alloy is significantly improved when the addition of La ranges from 0.02% to 0.06%; with the further increase of La addition, LaAlSi intermetallic compounds are formed in the alloy, leading the thermal conductivity of the alloy to decrease.
      通信作者: 江鸿翔, hxjiang@imr.ac.cn ; 何杰, jiehe@imr.ac.cn
    • 基金项目: 广西科技重大专项(批准号: AA23023032)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 52174380, 51974288)、中国载人航天工程空间应用系统项目(批准号: KJZ-YY-NCL06)和福建省科技计划(批准号: 2021T3030, 2020T3037)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Jiang Hong-Xiang, hxjiang@imr.ac.cn ; He Jie, jiehe@imr.ac.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi Province, China (Grant No.AA23023032), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52174380, 51974288), the Space Utilization System of China Manned Space Engineering (Grant No. KJZ-YY-NCL06), and the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province, China (Grant Nos. 2021T3030, 2020T3037).
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  • 图 1  不同Sr, B, La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金中共晶硅的SEM图像 (a) 0; (b) 0.024% B; (c) 0.02% Sr; (d) 0.02% Sr和0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.1% La

    Fig. 1.  SEM images of eutectic Si in the Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different Sr, B and La addition: (a) 0; (b) 0.024% B; (c) 0.02% Sr; (d) 0.02% Sr and 0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.1% La.

    图 2  Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr合金的SEI和EDS元素分布 (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe

    Fig. 2.  SEI and EDS element distribution of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr alloy: (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe.

    图 4  Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.1%La合金的SEI和EDS元素分布 (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La

    Fig. 4.  SEI and EDS element distribution of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.1%La alloy: (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La.

    图 3  Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.02%La合金的SEI和EDS元素分布 (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La

    Fig. 3.  SEI and EDS element distribution of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.02%La alloy: (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La.

    图 5  添加0.1%La的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的反向散射电子图像(BEI)及EPMA元素面分布 (a) BEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La

    Fig. 5.  Backscattered electron image (BEI) and EPMA mappings of the Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloy with 0.1%La addition: (a) BEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La.

    图 6  不同Sr, B, La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的OM图像 (a) 0; (b) 0.02% Sr; (c) 0.024% B; (d) 0.02% Sr和0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.04% La; (g) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.06% La; (h) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.08% La; (i) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.10% La

    Fig. 6.  OM images of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different Sr, B, La addition: (a) 0; (b) 0.02% Sr; (c) 0.024% B; (d) 0.02% Sr and 0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.04% La; (g) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.06% La; (h) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.08% La; (i) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.10% La.

    图 7  Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金平均晶粒尺寸随La添加量的变化

    Fig. 7.  Average grain size of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La.

    图 8  不同La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的DTA冷却曲线

    Fig. 8.  Differential thermal analysis (DTA) cooling curves for the Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La.

    图 9  不同La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的热导率

    Fig. 9.  Thermal conductivities of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La.

    图 10  不同La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的室温拉伸性能

    Fig. 10.  Tensile properties of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La at room temperature.

    图 11  Al, SrB6和LaB6相的晶体结构示意图

    Fig. 11.  Schematic diagram of crystal structure of Al, SrB6 and LaB6 phases.

    图 12  添加不同含量La时α-Al相在高角度区间的XRD图谱

    Fig. 12.  XRD spectra of α-Al phase in an elevation-angle zone with different addition of La.

    图 13  添加La前后Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.02Sr-0.024B合金的拉伸断口形貌 (a) 未添加La; (b) 添加0.02% La

    Fig. 13.  Tensile fracture morphology of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys before and after addition of La: (a) Without La; (b) add 0.02% La.

    表 1  实验合金的化学成分(%)

    Table 1.  Chemical compositions of alloys (%).

    AlloyBSrLaSiFeAl
    Untreated00070.6余量
    0.024%B0.0240070.6余量
    0.02%Sr00.02070.6余量
    0.02%Sr+0.024%B0.0240.02070.6余量
    0.02%La0.0240.020.0270.6余量
    0.04%La0.0240.020.0470.6余量
    0.06%La0.0240.020.0670.6余量
    0.08%La0.0240.020.0870.6余量
    0.10%La0.0240.020.1070.6余量
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金中α-Al、共晶Si的形核温度TN和过冷度ΔT

    Table 2.  Change of the nucleation temperature and the nucleation undercooling for the α-Al and the eutectic Si with different La addition.

    AlloyTN(α-Al)/KΔT(α-Al)/KTN(Si)/KΔT(Si)/K
    Untreated883.16846.01.1
    0.00%La883.13844.03.1
    0.04%La884.21.9843.83.3
    0.10%La885.20.9843.83.3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  不同组元间的混合焓变[28]

    Table 3.  Enthalpy of mixing between various elements[28].

    ElementB-SrB-LaB-TiB-VB-Cr
    Enthalpy/
    (kJ·mol–1)
    –18–47–58–42–31
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  Al与SrB6, Al与LaB6之间可能的密排和近似密排方向及其错配度

    Table 4.  Interatomic spacing misfit along possible matching directions between LaB6 and Al matrix, SrB6 and Al matrix.

    [100]Al/ [100]SrB6[100]Al/ [110]SrB6[100]Al/ [111]SrB6[110]Al/ [100]SrB6[110]Al/ [110]SrB6[110]Al/ [111]SrB6[112]Al/ [100]SrB6[112]Al/ [110]SrB6[112]Al/ [111]SrB6
    3.68%46.63%79.57%26.69%3.68%26.98%15.35%19.72%46.62%
    [100]Al/ [100]LaB6[100]Al/ [110]LaB6[100]Al/ [111]LaB6[110]Al/ [100]LaB6[110]Al/ [110]LaB6[110]Al/ [111]LaB6[112]Al/ [100]LaB6[112]Al/ [110]LaB6[100]Al/ [111]LaB6
    2.67%45.20%77.82%27.40%2.67%25.74%16.17%18.55%45.19%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5  SrB6与Al, LaB6与Al之间可能的密排和近似密排面对及其错配度

    Table 5.  Interplanar spacing mismatch between close or nearly close packed planes in LaB6 and Al matrix, SrB6 and Al matrix.

    (200)Al/ (100)SrB6(200)Al/ (110)SrB6(200)Al/ (111)SrB6(220)Al/ (100)SrB6(220)Al/ (110)SrB6(220)Al/ (111)SrB6(111)Al/ (100)SrB6(111)Al/ (110)SrB6(111)Al/ (111)SrB6
    3.68%26.70%40.23%46.63%3.67%15.47%79.40%26.84%3.42%
    (200)Al/ (100)LaB6(200)Al/ (110)LaB6(200)Al/ (111)LaB6(220)Al/ (100)LaB6(220)Al/ (110)LaB6(220)Al/ (111)LaB6(111)Al/ (100)LaB6(111)Al/ (110)LaB6(111)Al/ (111)LaB6
    2.67%27.41%40.73%45.20%2.65%16.17%77.65%26.60%2.56%
    下载: 导出CSV
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    [3]

    Kim Y M, Choi S W, KimY C 2023 J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 140 10749Google Scholar

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    宋岩, 江鸿翔, 赵九洲, 何杰, 张丽丽, 李世欣 2021 物理学报 70 086402Google Scholar

    Song Y, Jiang H X, Zhao J Z, He J, Zhang L L, Li S X 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 086402Google Scholar

    [6]

    Bolzoni L, Xia M X, Babu N H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 39554Google Scholar

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    Dang B, Zhang X, Chen Y Z, Chen C X, Wang H T, Liu F 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 30874Google Scholar

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    Wang J Y, Wang B J, Huang L F 2017 Mater. Sci. Technol. 33 1235Google Scholar

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    Wang B J, Wang J Y, Wu W H, Zhai W, Wang X, Jin Z K, Wei B B 2023 Sci. China Technol. Sci. 53 353

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    Barrirero J, Engstler M, Ghafoor N 2014 J. Alloys Compd. 611 410Google Scholar

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    Chen J K, Hung H Y, Wang C F, Tang N K 2017 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 105 189Google Scholar

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    [22]

    Heo U, Han D W, Kim S, Mo C B 2022 Mater. Today Commun. 32 104005Google Scholar

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    Cui X L, Wu Y Y, Gao T, Liu X F 2014 J. Alloys Compd. 615 906Google Scholar

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-12-08
  • 修回日期:  2024-01-09
  • 上网日期:  2024-01-23
  • 刊出日期:  2024-04-05

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