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Using the interface coupling constant Ji and the soft layer thickness Ls as the main variables, the changes of the magnetic moments with the applied field and the hysteresis loops of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe trilayers, whose easy axes of all layers lie in the film plane, have been investigated. Analysis shows that Ji has significant influence on the magnetic orientation, the pinning field HP and the coercivity mechanism. When Ls is small, HP equals to HN, where the coercivity mechanism transforms from nucleation to pinning as Ji decreases, whereas for large Ls this trend is reversed. The critical thickness, at which the nucleation field and pinning field detaches, decreases as Ji decreases. When the reduced exchange coupling is considered, the rigid composite magnet appears only when Ls is very small. The reduced exchange coupling leads to a sudden change of angle of magnetization at the interface, which results in the change of the behavior of the trilayers from the single-phase one to the two-phase one and in the decrease of HN, whereas HP increases when Ls is larger.
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Keywords:
- nucleation field /
- pinning field /
- coercivity /
- hysteresis loop
[1] Kneller E F, Hawig R 1991 IEEE Trans. Magn. 27 3588
[2] Skomski R, Coey J M D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15812
[3] Feng C, Zhan Q, Li B H, Teng J, Li M H, Jiang Y, Yu G H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3503 (in Chinese) [冯 春、詹 倩、李宝河、滕 蛟、李明华、姜 勇、于广华 2009 物理学报 58 3503]
[4] Liu W, Zhang Z D, Liu J P, Chen L J, He L L, Liu Y, Sun X K, Sellmyer D J 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 1832
[5] Xin H L, Yuan W Z, Cheng J K, Lin H, Ruan J Z, Zhao Z J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4152 (in Chinese) [辛宏梁、袁望治、程金科、林 宏、阮建中、赵振杰 2007 物理学报 56 4152]
[6] Ao Q, Zhang W L, Zhang Y, Wu J S 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 4889 (in Chinese) [敖 琪、张瓦利、张 熠、吴建生 2005 物理学报 54 4889]
[7] Yan S S, Liu W J, Weston J L, Zangari G, Barnard J A 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 174415
[8] Yan S S, Elkawni M, Li D S, Garmestani H, Liu J P, Weston J L, Zangari G 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 4535
[9] Wang S G, Ward R C C, Du G X, Han X F, Wang C, Kohn A 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 18041(R)
[10] Wang S G, Wang C, Kohn A, Lee S, Goff J P, Singh L J, Barber Z H, Ward R C C 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 09D103
[11] Zhao G P, Bo N, Zhang H W, Feng Y P, Deng Y 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 083907
[12] Xian C W, Zhao G P, Zhang Q X, Xu J S 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 631 (in Chinese) [鲜承伟、赵国平、张庆香、徐劲松 2009 物理学报 58 631]
[13] Leineweber T, Kronmüller H 1997 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 176 145
[14] Zhao G P, Wang X L 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 012409
[15] Zhao G P, Zhao M G, Lim H S, Feng Y P, Ong C K 2005 Appl. Phy. Lett. 87 162513
[16] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M, Neri F M 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 174401
[17] Liu Q Z, Jiang J H, Sun F, Wu J S 2007 Physics 36 301 [刘琼珍、蒋建华、孙 锋、吴建生 2007 物理 36 301]
[18] Guslienko K Yu, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Mryasov O, Chantrell R, Weller D 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 104405
[19] Asti G, Ghidini M, Pellicelli R, Pernechele C, Solzi M 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 094406
[20] Amato M, Pini M G, Rettori 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 3414
[21] Gao R W, Feng W C, Wang B, Chen W, Han G B, Zhang P, Liu H Q, Li W, Guo Y Q, Li Y M 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 0703 (in Chinese) [高汝伟、冯维存、王 标、陈 伟、韩广兵、张 鹏、刘汉强、李 卫、郭永权、李岫梅 2003 物理学报52 0703 ]
[22] Han B, Gao R W, Fu S, Feng W C, Liu H Q, Chen W, Li W, and Guo Y Q 2005Appl. Phys. A 81 579
[23] Yin J H, Takao S, Pan L Q 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3907
[24] Zhang H W, Rong C B, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4347 (in Chinese) [张宏伟、荣传兵、张绍英、沈保根 2004 物理学报 53 4347]
[25] Brown W F Jr 1945 Rev. Mod. Phys. 17 15
[26] Stoner E C, Wohlfarth E P 1948 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 240 599
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[1] Kneller E F, Hawig R 1991 IEEE Trans. Magn. 27 3588
[2] Skomski R, Coey J M D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15812
[3] Feng C, Zhan Q, Li B H, Teng J, Li M H, Jiang Y, Yu G H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3503 (in Chinese) [冯 春、詹 倩、李宝河、滕 蛟、李明华、姜 勇、于广华 2009 物理学报 58 3503]
[4] Liu W, Zhang Z D, Liu J P, Chen L J, He L L, Liu Y, Sun X K, Sellmyer D J 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 1832
[5] Xin H L, Yuan W Z, Cheng J K, Lin H, Ruan J Z, Zhao Z J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4152 (in Chinese) [辛宏梁、袁望治、程金科、林 宏、阮建中、赵振杰 2007 物理学报 56 4152]
[6] Ao Q, Zhang W L, Zhang Y, Wu J S 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 4889 (in Chinese) [敖 琪、张瓦利、张 熠、吴建生 2005 物理学报 54 4889]
[7] Yan S S, Liu W J, Weston J L, Zangari G, Barnard J A 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 174415
[8] Yan S S, Elkawni M, Li D S, Garmestani H, Liu J P, Weston J L, Zangari G 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 4535
[9] Wang S G, Ward R C C, Du G X, Han X F, Wang C, Kohn A 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 18041(R)
[10] Wang S G, Wang C, Kohn A, Lee S, Goff J P, Singh L J, Barber Z H, Ward R C C 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 09D103
[11] Zhao G P, Bo N, Zhang H W, Feng Y P, Deng Y 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 083907
[12] Xian C W, Zhao G P, Zhang Q X, Xu J S 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 631 (in Chinese) [鲜承伟、赵国平、张庆香、徐劲松 2009 物理学报 58 631]
[13] Leineweber T, Kronmüller H 1997 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 176 145
[14] Zhao G P, Wang X L 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 012409
[15] Zhao G P, Zhao M G, Lim H S, Feng Y P, Ong C K 2005 Appl. Phy. Lett. 87 162513
[16] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M, Neri F M 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 174401
[17] Liu Q Z, Jiang J H, Sun F, Wu J S 2007 Physics 36 301 [刘琼珍、蒋建华、孙 锋、吴建生 2007 物理 36 301]
[18] Guslienko K Yu, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Mryasov O, Chantrell R, Weller D 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 104405
[19] Asti G, Ghidini M, Pellicelli R, Pernechele C, Solzi M 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 094406
[20] Amato M, Pini M G, Rettori 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 3414
[21] Gao R W, Feng W C, Wang B, Chen W, Han G B, Zhang P, Liu H Q, Li W, Guo Y Q, Li Y M 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 0703 (in Chinese) [高汝伟、冯维存、王 标、陈 伟、韩广兵、张 鹏、刘汉强、李 卫、郭永权、李岫梅 2003 物理学报52 0703 ]
[22] Han B, Gao R W, Fu S, Feng W C, Liu H Q, Chen W, Li W, and Guo Y Q 2005Appl. Phys. A 81 579
[23] Yin J H, Takao S, Pan L Q 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3907
[24] Zhang H W, Rong C B, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4347 (in Chinese) [张宏伟、荣传兵、张绍英、沈保根 2004 物理学报 53 4347]
[25] Brown W F Jr 1945 Rev. Mod. Phys. 17 15
[26] Stoner E C, Wohlfarth E P 1948 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 240 599
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