Research progress of integrated optical quantum computing

Zhou Wen-Hao; Wang Yao; Weng Wen-Kang; Jin Xian-Min

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20221782

Abstract

Quantum computing, based on the inherent superposition and entanglement properties of quantum states, can break through the limits of classical computing power. However, under the present technical conditions, the number of qubits that can be manipulated is still limited. In addition, the preparation of high-precision quantum gates and additional quantum error correction systems requires more auxiliary bits, which leads to extra cost. Therefore, it seems to be a long-term goal to realize a universal fault-tolerant quantum computer.The development of analog quantum computing is a transition path that can be used to simulate many-body physics problems. Quantum walk, as the quantum counterpart of classical random walks, is a research hotspot in analog quantum computing. Owing to the unique quantum superposition characteristics, quantum walk exhibits the ballistic transport properties of outward diffusion, so quantum walk provides acceleration in computing power for various algorithms. Based on quantum walk, different computing models are derived to deal with practical physical problems in different fields, such as biology, physics, economics, and computer science.A large number of technical routes are devoted to the experiments on realizing quantum walk, including optical fiber networks, superconducting systems, nuclear magnetic resonance systems, and trapped ion atom systems. Among these routes, photons are considered as the reliable information carriers in the experiments on quantum walking due to their controllability, long coherence time. and fast speed.Therefore, in this review, we focus on different quantum walk theories and experimental implementations in optical versions, such as traditional optical platforms, optical fiber platforms, and integrated optical quantum platform. In recent years, the rapid development of integrated optical quantum platforms has driven the experiments on quantum walk to move towards the stage of integration and miniaturization, and at the same time, the experimental scale and the number of qubits have gradually increased.To this end, we summarize the technological progress of integrated optical quantum computing, including various integrated optical quantum experimental platforms and their applications. Secondly, we specifically discuss the experiment on quantum walk and practical applications based on integrated optical quantum platforms. Finally, we briefly describe other quantum algorithms and corresponding experimental implementations.These quantum computing schemes provide computational speedups for specific physical problems. In the future, with the further development of integrated optical quantum technology, along with the increase in the number of controllable qubits and the realization of the supporting quantum error correction system, a larger-scale many-body physical system can be constructed to further expand these algorithms and move towards the field of optical quantum computing, a new stage.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.
Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3.
Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China

Corresponding author: Weng Wen-Kang, yung@sustech.edu.cn ; Jin Xian-Min, xianmin.jin@sjtu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0308700, 2019YFA0706302, 2017YFA0303700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11904229, 61734005, 11761141014, 11690033), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (Grant Nos. 20JC1416300, 2019SHZDZX01), and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, China (Grant No. 2017-01-07-00-02-E00049).

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Cited By

图 1 (a)离散时间量子行走, 图片来自文献[22]; (b)连续时间量子行走, 图片来自文献[23]

Figure 1. (a) Discrete-time quantum walks, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [22]; (b) continuous-time quantum walks, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [23].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同的集成光量子平台　(a)硅基平台, 图片来自文献[40]; (b)硅基二氧化硅平台, 图片来自文献[41]; (c)飞秒激光直写平台, 图片来自文献[42]; (d) UV直写平台, 图片来自文献[43]

Figure 2. Different integrated optical quantum platforms: (a) Silicon-on-insulator platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [40]; (b) silica-on-silicon platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [41]; (c) femtosecond laser direct writing platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [42]; (d) UV direct writing platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [43].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 不同波导结构图　(a) 一维波导阵列, 图来自文献[53]; (b) 椭圆型波导阵列, 图来自文献[55]; (c) 三维波导结构, 图来自文献[56]; (d) “十字”波导阵列, 图来自文献[57].

Figure 3. Different waveguide structures: (a) One-dimensional waveguide array, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [53]; (b) elliptical waveguide array, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [55]; (c) three-dimensional waveguide structure, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [56]; (d) “cross” waveguide array, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [57].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 光子芯片上的二维量子行走. 图来自文献[58]

Figure 4. Two-dimensional quantum walks on a photonic chip, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [58].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 关联光子对的二维量子行走. 图来自文献[59]

Figure 5. Two-dimensional quantum walks of correlated photons, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [59].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 利用偏振作为额外的合成维度, 图来自文献[60]

Figure 6. Using polarization as an additional synthetic dimension. The picture is reproduced from the Ref. [60].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 量子行走用于模拟光合作用中的能量转移过程, 图来自文献[66]

Figure 7. Quantum walks in photosynthetic energy transfer, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [66].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 与非逻辑树问题, 图来自文献[73]

Figure 8. Nand tree problem, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [73].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

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