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Quantum-enhanced optical phase tracking is a quantum optical technique for tracking and measuring optical phases with high accuracy. It has important applications in laser interferometry, spectral analysis, and optical measurements. In this study, we propose a quantum-enhanced optical phase tracking protocol based on squeezed state optical fields. By using a continuous solid-state laser source with a central wavelength of 1064 nm, combing second harmonic generation, optical parametric oscillator, and PDH (Pound-Drever-Hall) locking technology, we prepare an initial squeezed state with a squeezing level of (8.0±0.2) dB. Through signal modulation technique and demodulation technique, we control the phase of the squeezed state optical field, thereby realizing the quantum-enhanced tracking of optical phases within the range of 0－2π. Compared with classical protocols, this protocol can suppress the noise fluctuations of phase tracking to at least 6.27 dB below the shot noise limit, improving the phase tracking accuracy by more than 76.4%. Because of the high requirements for phase measurement accuracy in applications such as angle estimation, phased array radar, and phased array sonar, this protocol is expected to improve the phase estimation accuracy beyond the shot noise limit. It provides compressed light sources for relevant fields, laying a theoretical and experimental foundation for higher-precision spatial positioning and quantum ranging techniques. The probe is made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by a gene and encoded in the genetic code. This can happen either before the protein is used in the cell, or as part of control mechanism.
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Keywords:
- optical parametric oscillation /
- squeezed state /
- phase estimation /
- optical phase tracking
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图 1 基于压缩态光场的QOPT实验装置图. ISO-隔离器; EOM-电光相位调制器; HR-高反镜; PD-光电探测器; BS-分束镜; DBS-双色镜; SHG-二次谐波产生; OPO-光学参量振荡器; PS-移相器; BHD-平衡零拍探测器; BPF-带通滤波器; amp-前置放大器; OSC-示波器
Figure 1. Experimental setup for QOPT protocol via squeezed state. ISO-isolator; EOM-electro-optic phase modulator; HR- high reflectivity mirror; PD-photoelectric detector; BS-beam splitter; DBS-dichroic beam splitter; SHG-second harmonic generator; OPO-optical parametric oscillator; PS-phase shifter; BHD-balanced homodyne detection; BPF-band-pass filter; amp-amplifier; OSC-oscilloscope.
图 2 无调制相位时示波器采集到的正交位相分量信号 (a) 基于相干光的测量结果; (b) 基于压缩光的测量结果
Figure 2. Phase quadrature components acquiesced by oscillator without phase modulation: (a) Measured results via coherent state; (b) measured results via squeezed state.
图 3 调制相位为-π/2时示波器采集的正交位相分量 (a) 基于相干光的测量结果; (b) 基于压缩光的测量结果
Figure 3. Phase quadrature components acquiesced by oscillator with phase modulation of -π/2: (a) Measured results via coherent state; (b) measured results via squeezed state.
图 4 光学相位的追踪结果 (a)调制相位与测量相移的依赖关系; (b) 基于相干光与压缩光两种状态下, 光学相位的噪声方差
Figure 4. Optical phase tracking results: (a) Dependence of measured phase amplitude on phase modulation; (b) noise variance of optical phase via coherent state and squeezed state.
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[1] Giovannetti V, Lloyd S, Maccone L 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 222
Google Scholar
[2] Pezze L, Smerzi A, Oberthaler M K, Schmied R, Treutlein P 2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 035005
Google Scholar
[3] Caves C M 1981 Phys. Rev. D 23 1693
Google Scholar
[4] Tse M, Yu H, Kijbunchoo N, et al. 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 231107
Google Scholar
[5] Li B B, Blek J, Hoff U B, Madsen L S, Forstner S, Prakash V, Schäfermeier C, Gehring T, Bowen W P, Andersen U L 2018 Optica 5 850
Google Scholar
[6] Taylor M A, Janousek J, Daria V, Knittel J, Hage B, Bachor H A, Bowen W P, 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 229
Google Scholar
[7] Low G H, Yoder T J, Chuang I L 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 100801
Google Scholar
[8] 徐涵, 陈树新, 吴昊, 陈坤, 洪磊 2019 物理学报 68 024204
Google Scholar
Xu H, Chen S X, Wu H, Chen K, Hong L 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 024204
Google Scholar
[9] Li T C, Song Y, Fan H Q 2023 Signal Process. 205 108883
Google Scholar
[10] Shi C, Wang Y, Salous S, Zhou J, Yan J 2022 IEEE T. Aero. Elec. Sys. 58 2762
Google Scholar
[11] Guo X, Breum C R, Borregaard J, Izumi S, Larsen M V, Gehring T, Christandl M, Neergaard-Nielsen J S, Andersen U L 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 281
Google Scholar
[12] Xia Y, Li W, Clark W, Hart D, Zhuang Q T, Zhang Z S 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 150502
Google Scholar
[13] Xia Y, Li W, Zhuang Q T, Zhang Z S 2021 Phys. Rev. X 11 021047
[14] Sun X C, Li W, Tian Y H, Li F, Tian L, Wang Y J, Zheng Y H 2022 Photonics Res. 10 2886
Google Scholar
[15] 田龙, 郑立昂, 张晓莉, 武奕淼, 王庆伟, 秦博, 王雅君, 李卫, 史少平, 陈力荣, 郑耀辉 2023 物理学报 72 148502
Google Scholar
Tian L, Zheng L A, Zhang X L, Wu Y M, Wang Q W, Qin B, Wang Y J, Li W, Shi S P, Chen L R, Zheng Y H 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 148502
Google Scholar
[16] 张晓莉, 王庆伟, 姚文秀, 史少平, 郑立昂, 田龙, 王雅君, 陈力荣, 李卫, 郑耀辉 2022 物理学报 71 184203
Google Scholar
Zhang X L, Wang Q W, Yao W X, Shi S P, Zheng L A, Tian L, Wang Y J, Chen L R, Li W, Zheng Y H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 184203
Google Scholar
[17] Sun X C, Wang Y J, Tian L J, Zheng Y H, Peng K C 2019 Chin. Opt. Lett. 17 072701
Google Scholar
[18] Shi S P, Wang Y J, Yang W H, Zheng Y H, Peng K C 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 5411
Google Scholar
[19] Zhou H J, Wang W, Chen C, Zheng Y H 2015 IEEE Sens. J. 15 2101
Google Scholar
[20] Zhou H J, Yang W H, Li Z X, Li X F, Zheng Y H 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 013111
Google Scholar
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