Long wavelength near-infrared II emitting Na3YSi3O9:x Cr3+ silicate and spectral broadening by multi-site occupancy

Gong Chang-Shuai; Wang Jian-Tong; Wang Bo-Wen; Xue Xu-Yan; Wang Xue-Jiao

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240663

Abstract

Phosphors-converted near-infrared LED (pc-NIR LED) possesses applications in various fields including food quality analysis, night vision, biomedical imaging, and biomedicine. The design and development of broadband near-infrared (NIR) phosphors with the required properties are of decisive significance for pc-NIR LED devices. The Cr³⁺ doped phosphors are considered to be most promising near-infrared materials for commercialization. Broadband NIR luminescent materials doped with Cr³⁺ have attracted more and more attention due to their potential applications in NIR light sources. However, the emission wavelength of Cr³⁺ doped phosphor is generally located in the NIR I region of less than 850 nm, and realizing the NIR II region emission is still a challenge. In this work, a series of Cr³⁺ doped Na₃YSi₃O₉ new silicate phosphors is prepared by solid-state method in N₂ atmosphere at 1150 ℃ for 8 h. We take advantages of the silicate nature and the multi octahedral sites suitable for Cr³⁺ in the studied Na₃YSi₃O₉ materials to redshift and broaden the spectrum. The phase, crystal structure, microstructure, photoluminescence, main emission peak decay and thermal stability of the samples are systematically studied. The results show that the prepared samples are pure phases, with uneven morphology, slight agglomeration, and the sizes in the micrometer range. The Cr³⁺ is located in the weak crystal field environment of Na₃YSi₃O₉ lattice, with a Dq/B value of 2.29. Under the excitation of blue light at a wavelength of 485 nm, the strongest emission peaks of Na₃Y_1–x Si₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ phosphors are located at 984 nm (NIR II region), which is longer than those of most Cr³⁺ activated phosphors. Due to the multi-site occupation of Cr³⁺ in the lattice, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum is as high as 183 nm. The optimal doping concentration of Na₃Y_1–x Si₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ is 3%, and the quenching mechanism is the dipole-dipole interaction between Cr³⁺ ions. Fluorescence decay curves show that the luminescence lifetime of Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ sample gradually decreases with the increase of doping concentration and temperature. The results of the temperature-dependent spectra show that the emission intensity decreases in a temperature range from 298 K to 423 K, and the activation energy ΔE of Cr³⁺ is 0.157 eV.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China

Corresponding author: Wang Xue-Jiao, wangxuejiao@bhu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. JYTMS20231627) and the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2020-MS-286).

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References

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[2]	Wu H Y, Jiang L H, Li K, Li C Y, Zhang H J 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 11761 Google Scholar
[3]	Zhong J Y, Li C J, Zhao W R, You S H, Brgoch J 2022 Chem. Mater. 34 337 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhang H S, Zhong J Y, Du F, Chen L, Zhang X L, Mu Z F, Zhao W R 2022 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 11663 Google Scholar
[5]	Lai J, Shen W H, Qiu J B, Zhou D C, Long Z W, Yang Y, Zhang K, Khan I, Wang Q 2020 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 103 5067 Google Scholar
[6]	Liu T Y, Cai H, Mao N, Song Z, Liu Q L 2021 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 104 4577 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhong J Y, Zhuo Y, Du F, Zhang H S, Zhao W R, Brgoch J 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 31835 Google Scholar
[8]	Yang Z, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Qiao J, Chuang Y C, Molokeev M S, Xia Z 2022 Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 2103927 Google Scholar
[9]	Xiao Y, Xiao W, Wu D, Guan L, Luo M, Sun L D 2022 Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 2109618 Google Scholar
[10]	Chen X Z, Li Y, Huang K, Huang L, Tian X M, Dong H F, Kang R, Hu Y H, Nie J M, Qiu J R, Han G 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2008722 Google Scholar
[11]	Dang P P, Wei Y, Liu D J, Li G G, Lin J 2023 Adv. Opt. Mater. 11 2201739 Google Scholar
[12]	Liu D J, Dang P P, Zhang G D, Lian H Z, Li G G, Lin J 2024 Infomat 6 e12542 Google Scholar
[13]	Rajendran V, Huang W T, Chen K C, Chang H, Liu R S 2022 J. Mater. Chem. C 10 14367 Google Scholar
[14]	Huang W T, Chen K C, Huang M H, Liu R S 2023 Adv. Opt. Mater. 11 2301166 Google Scholar
[15]	Liu Y, Stasio F D, Bi C H, Zhang J B, Xia Z G, Shi Z F, Manna L 2024 Adv. Mater. 36 2312482 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang H, Zhong J, Li C, Wang L, Zhao W 2022 J. Lumin. 251 119211 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhou Y P, Li X J, Seto Y, Wang Y H 2021 ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 9 3145 Google Scholar
[18]	Malysa B, Meijerink A, Jüstel T 2018 J. Lumin. 202 523 Google Scholar
[19]	Zou X, Wang X, Zhang H, Kang Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Molokeev M S, Lei B 2022 Chem. Eng. J. 428 132003 Google Scholar
[20]	Jiang H J, Chen L Y, Zheng G J, Luo Z H, Wu X H, Liu Z H, Li R Y, Liu Y F, Sun P, Jiang J 2022 Adv. Opt. Mater. 10 2102741 Google Scholar
[21]	Mao M Q, Zhou T L, Zeng H T, Wang L, Huang F, Tang X Y, Xie R J 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 1981 Google Scholar
[22]	Li C J, Zhong J Y 2023 Adv. Opt. Mater. 11 2202323 Google Scholar
[23]	Dumesso M U, Xiao W, Zheng G, Basore E T, Tang M, Liu X, Qiu J 2022 Adv. Opt. Mater. 10 2200676 Google Scholar
[24]	Huang D, Liang S, Chen D, Hu J, Xu K, Zhu H 2021 Chem. Eng. J. 426 131332 Google Scholar
[25]	Pan L, Lu R, Zhu Q, McGrath J M, Tu K 2015 Postharvest Biol. Tec. 102 42 Google Scholar
[26]	Cai H, Liu S Q, Song Z, Liu Q L 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 5469 Google Scholar
[27]	Kenry, Duan Y, Liu B 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1802394 Google Scholar
[28]	Xia Z G, Zhou J, Mao Z Y 2013 J. Mater. Chem. C 1 5917 Google Scholar
[29]	Wang F, Jin Y, Liu Y F, Zhang L L, Dong R, Zhang J H 2019 J. Lumin 206 227 Google Scholar
[30]	Zhou J B, Zhong J P, Guo J Y, Liang H B, Su Q, Tang Q, Tao Y, Moretti F, Lebbou K, Dujardin C 2016 J. Phys. Chem. C 120 18741 Google Scholar
[31]	Halada G P, Clayton C R 1991 J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 2921 Google Scholar
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[33]	Wang C P, Zhang Y X, Han X, Hu D F, He D P, Wang X M, Jiao H 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 4583 Google Scholar
[34]	刘云鹏, 盛伟繁, 吴忠华 2021 无机材料学报 36 901 Google Scholar Liu Y P, Sheng W F, Wu Z H 2021 J. Inorg. Mater. 36 901 Google Scholar
[35]	Farges F 2009 Phys. Chem. Miner. 36 463 Google Scholar
[36]	Xie W, Jiang W, Zhou R F, Li J H, Ding J H, Ni H Y, Zhang Q H, Tang Q, Meng J X, Lin L T 2021 Inorg. Chem. 60 2219 Google Scholar
[37]	Tobase T, Yoshiasa A, Hiratoko T, Nakatsuka A 2018 J. Synchrotron Radiat. 25 1129 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhu F M, Gao Y, Zhu B M, Huang L, Qiu J B 2024 Chem. Eng. J 479 147568.Google Scholar
[39]	Tanabe Y, Sugano S 1954 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 9 766 Google Scholar
[40]	Trueba A, Garcia-Fernandez P, Garcia-Lastra J M, Aramburu J A, Barriuso M T, Moreno M 2011 J. Phys. Chem. A 115 1423 Google Scholar
[41]	Mondal A, Das S, Manam J 2019 Phys. B Condens. Matter 569 20 Google Scholar
[42]	Zhang L L, Zhang S, Hao Z D, Zhang X, Pan G H, Luo Y S, Wu H J, Zhang J H 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 4967 Google Scholar
[43]	Huyen N T, Tu N, Tung D T, Trung D Q, Anh D D, Duc T T, Nga T T T, Huy P T 2020 Opt. Mater. 108 110207 Google Scholar
[44]	Blasse G 1968 Phys. Lett. A 28 444 Google Scholar
[45]	Xiao F, Yi R X, Yuan H L, Zang G J, Xie C N 2018 Spectrochim. Acta A 202 352 Google Scholar
[46]	Hussen M K, Dejene F B 2019 Optik 181 514 Google Scholar
[47]	Si J Y, Wang L, Liu L H, Yi W, Cai G M, Takeda T, Funahashi S, Hirosaki N, Xie R J 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 733 Google Scholar
[48]	Wang X J, Wang X J, Wang Z H, Zhu Q, Wang C, Xin S Y, Li J G 2018 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 101 5477 Google Scholar
[49]	Wang X J, Meng Q H, Li M T, Wang X J, Wang Z H, Zhu Q, Li J G 2019 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 102 3296 Google Scholar
[50]	Sun Z C, Zhou T L, Liu R H, Tang X Y, Xie R J 2023 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 106 3446 Google Scholar
[51]	Gao T Y, Zhuang W D, Liu R H, Liu Y H, Chen X X, Xue Y 2020 J. Alloys Compd. 848 156557 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 (a) Na₃Y_1–x Si₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ (x = 0—0.1)样品的XRD图谱; (b) Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品Rietveld精修结果; (c) Na₃YSi₃O₉的晶体结构; (d) Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品FE-SEM及元素扫描分布图

Figure 1. (a) The XRD patterns of the Na₃Y_1–x Si₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ (x = 0–0.1) samples; (b) Rietveld refinement results of the Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ sample; (c) crystal structure of Na₃YSi₃O₉; (d) the FE-SEM morphology and elemental mapping of the Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ sample.

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图 2 Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品　(a) 漫反射光谱; (b) 带隙能量的测定

Figure 2. Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ samples: (a) Diffuse reflectance spectrum; (b) determination of band gap energy.

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图 3 (a) Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品的XPS全谱; (b) Cr 2p轨道的精细谱; (c) Cr的 K边X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱

Figure 3. (a) XPS full spectrum for Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ sample; (b) high-resolution XPS spectra of Cr 2p orbital; (c) Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum.

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图 4 (a)—(c) Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品的(a)归一化的激发和发射光谱、(b) 田边-菅野图、(c) 80—300 K 范围内变温发射光谱; (d)—(f) Na₃Y_1–x Si₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ (x = 0—0.1)样品的(d)发射光谱; (e) log(x)-log(I/x)对应关系; (f) 荧光衰减曲线(λ_ex = 485 nm, λ_em = 984 nm)

Figure 4. (a) Normalized excitation and emission spectra, (b) Tanabe-Sugano energy level diagram, (c) temperature-dependent emission spectra in the range of 80—300 K for the Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ samples; (d) emission spectra, (e) the log(x) versus log(I/x) plot, (f) luminescence decay curves (λ_ex = 485 nm, λ_em = 984 nm) for the Na₃Y_1–x Si₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ (x = 0–0.1) samples.

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图 5 (a) Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品变温发射光谱的等高线图; (b) 1/kT与ln[(I₀/I) －1]的对应关系; (c) Cr³⁺热猝灭过程的位形坐标示意图; (d) 不同温度下的荧光衰减曲线

Figure 5. (a) Contour plot of the temperature-dependent PL spectra of Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺; (b) ln[(I₀/I) －1] vs. 1/kT relationship; (c) the thermal quenching process of Cr³⁺ depicted with the configurational coordinate diagram; (d) fluorescence decay curves at different temperatures.

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表 1 由Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品XRD图谱精修所得的结构参数和可靠因子及纯相Na₃YSi₃O₉晶胞参数信息 (PDF #72-2455)

Table 1. Structure parameters and reliability factors obtained via refinement of the XRD pattern for Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ sample and the cell parameters from pure Na₃YSi₃O₉ (PDF #72-2455).

Chemical formula	Na₃YSi₃O₉	Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺
Space group	P2₁2₁2₁	P2₁2₁2₁
a/Å	15.408(4)	15.0362(4)
b/Å	15.312(5)	15.2116(5)
c/Å	15.222(4)	15.1460(4)
α/(°)	90	90
β/(°)	90	90
γ /(°)	90	90
V/Å³	3591.016(18)	3464.26(18)
R_p/%	—	4.75
R_wp/%	—	7.41
χ²	—	2.140

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表 2 Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺样品中4种[YO₆]多面体键长及多面体畸变指数汇总

Table 2. Bond length and distortion index of four kinds [YO₆] polyhedrons in Na₃Y_0.97Si₃O₉:0.03Cr³⁺ sample.

Bond	d₁	d₂	d₃	d₄	d₅	d₆	d_av	d_dis
Y1—O	2.4937	2.1867	2.0643	2.2623	3.1427	3.0236	2.2589	0.1461
Y2—O	2.1108	2.2302	2.2744	2.8329	2.1218	2.1108	2.2801	0.0808
Y3—O	2.2707	1.9528	2.7648	1.8012	3.8077	2.8960	2.5822	0.2223
Y4—O	2.2642	2.052	1.6169	1.8874	3.1401	3.2249	2.3643	0.2307

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表 3 Na₃Y_1–xSi₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ (x = 0—0.1)样品荧光衰减曲线拟合结果 (λ_ex = 485 nm, λ_em = 984 nm)

Table 3. Fluorescence decay curve fitting results of Na₃Y_1–xSi₃O₉:x Cr³⁺ (x = 0–0.1) samples (λ_ex = 485 nm, λ_em = 984 nm)

浓度	λ_em/nm	A₁	A₂	τ₁	τ₂	χ²	τ/μs
0.005	984	2020.38	802.09	16.50	54.35	0.987	37.95
0.01	984	1993.95	836.83	15.08	50.03	1.054	35.42
0.02	984	1808.84	729.58	12.14	44.47	1.059	31.42
0.03	984	1963.30	726.19	12.61	45.56	0.961	31.45
0.05	984	1837.09	818.42	13.02	43.06	0.986	30.91
0.10	984	1985.01	692.64	13.29	45.20	0.984	30.61

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[1]	Chen Y, Wang S F, Zhang F 2023 Nat. Rev. Bioeng. 1 60 Google Scholar
[2]	Wu H Y, Jiang L H, Li K, Li C Y, Zhang H J 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 11761 Google Scholar
[3]	Zhong J Y, Li C J, Zhao W R, You S H, Brgoch J 2022 Chem. Mater. 34 337 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhang H S, Zhong J Y, Du F, Chen L, Zhang X L, Mu Z F, Zhao W R 2022 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 11663 Google Scholar
[5]	Lai J, Shen W H, Qiu J B, Zhou D C, Long Z W, Yang Y, Zhang K, Khan I, Wang Q 2020 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 103 5067 Google Scholar
[6]	Liu T Y, Cai H, Mao N, Song Z, Liu Q L 2021 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 104 4577 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhong J Y, Zhuo Y, Du F, Zhang H S, Zhao W R, Brgoch J 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 31835 Google Scholar
[8]	Yang Z, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Qiao J, Chuang Y C, Molokeev M S, Xia Z 2022 Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 2103927 Google Scholar
[9]	Xiao Y, Xiao W, Wu D, Guan L, Luo M, Sun L D 2022 Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 2109618 Google Scholar
[10]	Chen X Z, Li Y, Huang K, Huang L, Tian X M, Dong H F, Kang R, Hu Y H, Nie J M, Qiu J R, Han G 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2008722 Google Scholar
[11]	Dang P P, Wei Y, Liu D J, Li G G, Lin J 2023 Adv. Opt. Mater. 11 2201739 Google Scholar
[12]	Liu D J, Dang P P, Zhang G D, Lian H Z, Li G G, Lin J 2024 Infomat 6 e12542 Google Scholar
[13]	Rajendran V, Huang W T, Chen K C, Chang H, Liu R S 2022 J. Mater. Chem. C 10 14367 Google Scholar
[14]	Huang W T, Chen K C, Huang M H, Liu R S 2023 Adv. Opt. Mater. 11 2301166 Google Scholar
[15]	Liu Y, Stasio F D, Bi C H, Zhang J B, Xia Z G, Shi Z F, Manna L 2024 Adv. Mater. 36 2312482 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang H, Zhong J, Li C, Wang L, Zhao W 2022 J. Lumin. 251 119211 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhou Y P, Li X J, Seto Y, Wang Y H 2021 ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 9 3145 Google Scholar
[18]	Malysa B, Meijerink A, Jüstel T 2018 J. Lumin. 202 523 Google Scholar
[19]	Zou X, Wang X, Zhang H, Kang Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Molokeev M S, Lei B 2022 Chem. Eng. J. 428 132003 Google Scholar
[20]	Jiang H J, Chen L Y, Zheng G J, Luo Z H, Wu X H, Liu Z H, Li R Y, Liu Y F, Sun P, Jiang J 2022 Adv. Opt. Mater. 10 2102741 Google Scholar
[21]	Mao M Q, Zhou T L, Zeng H T, Wang L, Huang F, Tang X Y, Xie R J 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 1981 Google Scholar
[22]	Li C J, Zhong J Y 2023 Adv. Opt. Mater. 11 2202323 Google Scholar
[23]	Dumesso M U, Xiao W, Zheng G, Basore E T, Tang M, Liu X, Qiu J 2022 Adv. Opt. Mater. 10 2200676 Google Scholar
[24]	Huang D, Liang S, Chen D, Hu J, Xu K, Zhu H 2021 Chem. Eng. J. 426 131332 Google Scholar
[25]	Pan L, Lu R, Zhu Q, McGrath J M, Tu K 2015 Postharvest Biol. Tec. 102 42 Google Scholar
[26]	Cai H, Liu S Q, Song Z, Liu Q L 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 5469 Google Scholar
[27]	Kenry, Duan Y, Liu B 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1802394 Google Scholar
[28]	Xia Z G, Zhou J, Mao Z Y 2013 J. Mater. Chem. C 1 5917 Google Scholar
[29]	Wang F, Jin Y, Liu Y F, Zhang L L, Dong R, Zhang J H 2019 J. Lumin 206 227 Google Scholar
[30]	Zhou J B, Zhong J P, Guo J Y, Liang H B, Su Q, Tang Q, Tao Y, Moretti F, Lebbou K, Dujardin C 2016 J. Phys. Chem. C 120 18741 Google Scholar
[31]	Halada G P, Clayton C R 1991 J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 2921 Google Scholar
[32]	Kim Y I, Page K, Limarga A M, Clarke D R, Seshadri R 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 115204 Google Scholar
[33]	Wang C P, Zhang Y X, Han X, Hu D F, He D P, Wang X M, Jiao H 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 4583 Google Scholar
[34]	刘云鹏, 盛伟繁, 吴忠华 2021 无机材料学报 36 901 Google Scholar Liu Y P, Sheng W F, Wu Z H 2021 J. Inorg. Mater. 36 901 Google Scholar
[35]	Farges F 2009 Phys. Chem. Miner. 36 463 Google Scholar
[36]	Xie W, Jiang W, Zhou R F, Li J H, Ding J H, Ni H Y, Zhang Q H, Tang Q, Meng J X, Lin L T 2021 Inorg. Chem. 60 2219 Google Scholar
[37]	Tobase T, Yoshiasa A, Hiratoko T, Nakatsuka A 2018 J. Synchrotron Radiat. 25 1129 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhu F M, Gao Y, Zhu B M, Huang L, Qiu J B 2024 Chem. Eng. J 479 147568.Google Scholar
[39]	Tanabe Y, Sugano S 1954 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 9 766 Google Scholar
[40]	Trueba A, Garcia-Fernandez P, Garcia-Lastra J M, Aramburu J A, Barriuso M T, Moreno M 2011 J. Phys. Chem. A 115 1423 Google Scholar
[41]	Mondal A, Das S, Manam J 2019 Phys. B Condens. Matter 569 20 Google Scholar
[42]	Zhang L L, Zhang S, Hao Z D, Zhang X, Pan G H, Luo Y S, Wu H J, Zhang J H 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 4967 Google Scholar
[43]	Huyen N T, Tu N, Tung D T, Trung D Q, Anh D D, Duc T T, Nga T T T, Huy P T 2020 Opt. Mater. 108 110207 Google Scholar
[44]	Blasse G 1968 Phys. Lett. A 28 444 Google Scholar
[45]	Xiao F, Yi R X, Yuan H L, Zang G J, Xie C N 2018 Spectrochim. Acta A 202 352 Google Scholar
[46]	Hussen M K, Dejene F B 2019 Optik 181 514 Google Scholar
[47]	Si J Y, Wang L, Liu L H, Yi W, Cai G M, Takeda T, Funahashi S, Hirosaki N, Xie R J 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 733 Google Scholar
[48]	Wang X J, Wang X J, Wang Z H, Zhu Q, Wang C, Xin S Y, Li J G 2018 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 101 5477 Google Scholar
[49]	Wang X J, Meng Q H, Li M T, Wang X J, Wang Z H, Zhu Q, Li J G 2019 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 102 3296 Google Scholar
[50]	Sun Z C, Zhou T L, Liu R H, Tang X Y, Xie R J 2023 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 106 3446 Google Scholar
[51]	Gao T Y, Zhuang W D, Liu R H, Liu Y H, Chen X X, Xue Y 2020 J. Alloys Compd. 848 156557 Google Scholar

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[17]	Xu Shi-Qing, Wang Guo-Nian, Zhang Jun-Jie, Dai Shi-Xun, Hu Li-Li, Jiang Zhong-Hong. The upconversion luminescence research of Er3+-doped heavy metal oxyfluorosilicate glasses. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(6): 1840-1844. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.1840
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Vol. 73, Issue 15 - 2024-08-05

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Long wavelength near-infrared II emitting Na₃YSi₃O₉:x Cr³⁺silicate and spectral broadening by multi-site occupancy

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Corresponding author: Wang Xue-Jiao, wangxuejiao@bhu.edu.cn

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